渐开线零齿差内啮合齿轮机构的可靠性设计

文章指出了用传统的齿轮强度校核公式来校核渐开线零齿差齿轮副的不合理性,建立了新的、适用于零齿差机构的校核方程式.在此基础上,应用摄动方法和可靠性设计理论,探讨了零齿差内啮合齿轮的可靠性设计方法.文中方法可以定量地给出齿轮的可靠度并根据可靠度对齿轮进行可靠性设计,是对齿轮可靠性问题研究的一次重要探索.     

大型齿轮座下箱体焊接工艺

国内某产品使用的大型齿轮座下箱体胚料,广泛采用铸造成型工艺生产,由于结构原因,其铸造工艺复杂、缺陷多、产品率低、生产成本较高。结构“铸改焊”后,工艺相对简单、焊接质量易于保证、产品合格率及材料利用率高,可大幅降低制造成本,因此焊接齿轮下箱体应用前景广泛。但大型齿轮下箱体焊接中,因材料板厚大,焊缝密集,焊接应力大,极易产生裂纹,同时焊接变形大,焊后加工尺寸难以保证。本文针对某大型齿轮座下箱体的焊接,在结构工艺分析的基础上,制定了合理的焊接工艺并得以实施。结果表明:采用CO;气体保护焊与富氩气体保护焊相结合的焊接方法,选择正确的放量尺寸、焊接顺序、焊接参数、坡口形式和相应的焊前、焊中及焊后热处理等工艺,完全能够满足结构的设计要求。     

大型三幅板焊接齿轮的组装与焊接

本钢1700轧机改造项目中的F1、F2大齿轮是迄今为止我厂生产的最大的焊接齿轮.其外形尺寸为1340mm×3740mm.制造执行的是德国西马克SN200技术标准,并首次采用了埋弧自动焊技术,焊后探伤一次通过.     

数字化技术在齿轮精锻成形模中的应用

介绍了数字化技术在齿轮精锻成形模设计制造中的应用框架,详细叙述了齿轮精锻模数字化技术的具体应用,通过数字化技术在齿轮精锻模设计制造中的普及和应用,提高了齿轮新产品开发一次成功率,明显缩短了新产品开发周期,同时提高了模具使用寿命、制造精度和制造过程的稳定性。     

齿轮类零部件的选材及热加工分析

分析了齿轮类零部件材料的正确选择及热加工处理工艺（热处理工艺、焊接工艺）.采用电子束焊接这类零部件,合理匹配齿轮的选材和热处理工艺,可有效防止在制造和运行时产生的失效,从而保证了零部件的制造质量和安全运行,提高了生产效率.     

ZG45CrMo大齿轮的修补工艺研究

齿顶圆直径为7648mm、齿宽为610mm、材质为ZG45CrMo的大齿轮,在使用过程因操作失误造成1个深约55mm、宽约50mm的沟需要修补.针对该齿轮材料性能和结构特点,制订了详细的焊接修补方案,采取修补全程质量跟踪等措施,首例成功地修复了大齿圈.     

电子束焊接技术在汽车齿轮及深熔零件焊接中的应用

真空电子束焊接作为一种新型的焊接工艺在汽车齿轮加工中得到广泛的应用.根据电子束焊接工艺特点,简述了电子束焊接在汽车齿轮上的应用.采用不同工艺方案,减小电子束焊接齿轮变形,使其满足设计要求.同时也简述了电子束焊接在深熔零件中的应用.     

焊接变位机关键参数的校核及设计

以理论计算为基础,结合实际工厂中使用的经验数据,并借助现代的设计工具,分析校核了焊接变位机设计中的几个关键参数,详细论述了焊接变位机的设计方法。以焊接行业常用的典型非标变位机为例,概述其设计流程,分析计算其几个关键的设计参数诸如负载率相关的扭矩、转动惯量、惯性扭矩等以及强度相关的应力、应变等,并基于实际使用经验总结出一套科学实用的焊接变位机设计方法和理念。     

不同壁厚大型法兰与筒体的焊接

阐述了大型非标法兰与筒体厚度差过大时焊接前的处理方法.通过对标准、设计及制造过程的研究,确定了大型法兰与筒体厚度差过大时焊接前的坡口加工方法、坡口尺寸及焊接工艺,并将其应用在焊接工程中.     

大型焊接齿轮的焊接工艺研究

通过对某钢厂250t转炉倾动装置中qb4070大齿轮主要材料化学成分和焊接性的分析，制定了正确的焊接工艺，保证了该焊接大齿轮焊接质量，为类似的大直径焊接式大齿轮提供了技术工艺和参数。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。