基于C167CS实现柴油/乙醇在线标定的数据通讯

为了简便的实现所开发的电控系统的的在线数据标定,作者利用单片机C167cs 的高速同步串口与PC机的键盘的通讯,在柴油机上实现乙醇喷量在线动态调试,利用单片机的IO口和PC机的并口通讯实现采集数据的传送,并和PC机上的内燃机测试软件Panther无缝连接.本文详细阐述了同步串口和并口的通讯原理及软件的实现方法,并通过实验验证了该系统的可行性.     

采用MC68332的车用控制器标定系统底层通信模块的设计与实现

本文介绍了32位单片机MC68332 SCI子系统在车用控制器标定系统开发中的实际应用。提出并实现适合单片机与PC机数据通信的通信协议,较为系统地阐述了通过单片机异步串行接口(SCI)与PC机RS232串口通信的软硬件的设计原理与方法。     

双燃料汽车ECU控制参数标定系统研究

介绍了双燃料汽车ECU控制参数标定系统的设计方法。利用VB编制的串口通讯服务程序和动态数据交换(DDE)协议,实现标定平台(PC机)和控制器ECU的通信。标定后的控制参数存放在ECU的EEPROM中。利用VB和“组态王6．0”开发的人机界面,实现控制参数的在线接收和发送,数据报表趋势分析、历史数据记录及查询等功能。该系统的开发为ECU控制参数的试验匹配和标定提供了方便。在试验车上进行了标定试验,结果表明:该系统操作简便,数据采集准确可靠,满足ECU控制参数标定的要求。     

基于VC＋＋6.0的上位机与TES-3600仪表的串口通讯

串口通讯是一种实用而又非常灵活的通讯方式;利用它可以把采集到的数据保存起来以便于分析和处理,因此数据的保存也成为VC工程中不可或缺的部分。本文以发电机组测控试验台系统为背景,介绍了上位机和TES-3600仪表的串口通讯,以及怎样把采集到的数据保存为Excel表格的形式。     

基于VC＋＋6.0的上位机与TES-3600仪表的串口通讯

串口通讯是一种实用而又非常灵活的通讯方式;利用它可以把采集到的数据保存起来以便于分析和处理,因此数据的保存也成为VC工程中不可或缺的部分。本文以发电机组测控试验台系统为背景,介绍了上位机和TES-3600仪表的串口通讯,以及怎样把采集到的数据保存为Excel表格的形式。     

基于串行控制的信号采集系统的设计

介绍以AT89C2051单片机为核心的串行控制的数据采取传输系统，它采用TLC154910位串行A／D转换器具有与上位PC机通讯的功能，同时给出了系统的原理图和相关的主要程序。     

电控发动机标定系统的研发

介绍了基于KWP2000的发动机电控系统标定工具的设计,该设计分为通讯模块和标定模块的开发两部分,可实现控制器与PC机之间快速可靠的数据通信,以及标定数据的准确传递和科学管理,进而实现对电控发动机的离线和在线标定,目前正用于高压共轨式电控发动机GD-1的研发。     

单片机温度监测系统

介绍了利用单片机对工业环境温度进行实时监测的系统组成、工作原理以及系统中的关键电路.着重阐述了8031单片机与PC机进行数据通信、处理的控制方法,适合于诸多用于温度显示的场合.     

工业热风炉监控系统数据采集卡的设计研究

为了提升热风炉的安全性和经济性,本研究设计出热风炉数据采集系统。该系统利用数据采集卡协助热风炉监控系统完成工业测量任务。选用M3P430F149集成的A/D转换器作为数据采集系统核心设备。为实现对脉冲量计数,凭借M3P430F149单片机内部P0～P2接口的中断能力,对脉冲量的输入频率进行精准测量。利用串口建立单片机与上位机之间的通讯联系,由上位机对采集数据进行处理,以此向监控系统提供分析判断依据。该系统具有成本低廉、灵敏度高等优势,具有一定实用价值。     

基于WinPCIN的PC与数控机床之间的通讯

本文介绍了利用WinPCIN软件实现PC和数控机床之间的通讯方法,分析了通讯系统的硬件和软件,并给出了实现通讯的具体步骤.     

C167CS柴油／乙醇双燃料发动机电控系统的开发研究

介绍了一种自行开发的柴油机电控掺烧乙醇的多点喷射系统。该系统利用16位高性能单片机C167CS和传感器系统,通过采集传感器信号进行数据分析处理,优化控制输出以及显示的自动化和数字化,以实现乙醇的实时、高速的定掺比掺烧。其中详细阐述了电控系统的硬件设计如喷醇的驱动电路和软件实现编程的思路和方法,比如转速采集模块编程。并通过试验证明了该系统的可行性。     

Empirical relationship of cloud shade to point cloudiness (Canada)

Long-term averages of monthly cloud shade (CS) (based on Campbell-Stokes sunshine records) and point cloudiness (PC) (from weather observer records) for 43 Canadian weather stations show that CS = 0.159PC + 0.837PC². This regression equation is useful for estimating bright sunshine for locations where cloud cover records exist in the absence of sunshine records and can thus be employed to calculate expected solar radiation in solar energy applications. The analysis shows a general decrease of PC-CS with increasing latitude in agreement with similar analyses by other workers. This decrease is explicable in terms of the decrease in average solar elevation with increasing latitude.     

Sodium-ion transfer at the interface between ceramic and organic electrolytes

Sodium-ion transfer through the interface between ceramic and organic electrolytes was studied by AC impedance spectroscopy. Na₃Zr_1.88Y_0.12Si₂PO₁₂ (NASICON) and Na-β″-alumina were used as ceramic electrolytes, and propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) containing 0.05 mol dm⁻³ NaCF₃SO₃ were used as organic electrolytes. The semi-circle ascribed to interfacial charge transfer resistance (R_ct) was observed. The activation energies for sodium-ion transfer at the interface between ceramic and organic electrolytes were evaluated by the temperature dependency of R_ct. As a result, the activation energies depended on the ceramic electrolytes but not on the solvents. These results suggest that sodium-ion transfer from ceramic to organic electrolytes should be responsible for the activation energies, which is contrary to the case in a lithium-ion transfer system. Based on these results, the mechanism of interfacial sodium-ion transfer was discussed.     

Effect of decoration film on mold surface temperature during in-mold decoration injection molding process

In-mold decoration (IMD) during injection molding is a relatively new injection molding technique and has been employed for plastic products to improve surface quality and achieving colorful surface design, etc. During IMD processing, the film is preformed as the shape of mold cavity and attached to one side of the mold wall (usually cavity surface), then molten polymer is filled into the cavity. Heat transfer toward the mold cavity side during molding IMD part is significantly retarded because the film is much less thermal conductive than metal mold. To investigate the effect of film on temperature field, polycarbonate (PC) was injection molded under various conditions including coolant temperature, melt temperature, film material and film thickness. Simulations were also conducted to evaluate the melt–film interface temperature and its influence from film initial temperature and film thermal properties. For PC film, it was found that the heat transfer retardation results in the mold temperature drop in cavity surface and the maximum temperature drop as compared to that of conventional injection molding without film may be as high as 17.7 °C. For PET film, this maximum mold temperature drop is about 13 °C. As PC film thickness increases, the retardation-induced mold temperature difference also increases. The initial film temperature (30 °C and 95 °C) may affect the melt–film interface temperature at the contact instant of melt and film by about 12 °C to 17 °C. When thermal conductivity of film increases from 0.1 W/(m–k) to 0.2 W/(m–k), melt–film interface temperature may vary by 22.9 °C. The simulated mold temperature field showed reasonable agreement with experimental results.     

Identification of active sites in CO2 activation on MgO supported Ni cluster

In this work, initial activation mechanism of CO₂ over MgO supported Ni catalysts has been systematically studied through the periodic DFT calculations. In addition, the role of metal cluster, interface and support for CO₂ activation is investigated and the active site is identified. CO₂ is most favored to be activated on the interface instead of neither Ni cluster nor MgO support. The effective energy for this process is around 0.67 eV, and the dissociation of CO₂ (0.62 eV) is the rate-determining step, since it requires much higher energy than that of the CO₂ adsorption process (0.05 eV). Thus, the interface between metal cluster and support plays a key role for C=O bond activation. Moreover, CO1 is preferred to be adsorbed on the Ni cluster, while the O1 is likely to bind on Mg atom of support. To illustrate the adsorption behavior of CO₂ at different sites, the Mulliken atomic charge and electron density difference have been calculated. It was found that the total amount of electron gain for CO₂ binding at different sites follows the order of Interface (−0.03 e) < MgO support (−0.05 e) < Ni cluster (−0.07 e), and effective energy barrier rises linearly with the increase of electron gain of CO₂ binding at different sites. In addition, electron gain of oxygen atom O1 and oxygen atom O2 of CO₂ is the same for Ni cluster and MgO support, however, the electron gain of O1 and O2 is different for Interface. The difference of electron gain for two oxygen atoms shows the electron unbalance of CO₂ molecule, which is in favor of C=O activation. This study could shed some light on understanding the active sites of CO₂ thermal-catalytic activation over MgO supported Ni catalysts, and is helpful to elucidate the reaction on an atomic level.     

Kinetics,thermodynamics and synergistic effects analyses of petroleum coke and biomass wastes during H2O co-gasification

In this study, the H₂O co-gasification of petroleum coke (PC) with low (sulfur and V₂O₅ contents) and different five kinds of biomass wastes were conducted using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The biomass used were the agricultural wastes (rice husk (RH), rice stalk (RS), and cotton straw (CS)) and by-product wastes (sawdust (SD) and sugar cane bagasse (SCB)). Their reactivities, kinetics and thermodynamics parameters were investigated and compared in detail as well as a synergistic effect during co-gasification of the blends. The kinetics and thermodynamics parameters were estimated by using the homogeneous model (HM) or the first-order chemical reaction (O1) and shrinking core models (SCM) or Phase boundary controlled reactions (R2 and R3). It was found that the biomass wastes was significantly improved the blends gasification reactivity. The obvious significant synergistic effect was observed in the char gasification stage of the blends compared with the pyrolysis stage. Compared to other models the phase boundary controlled reaction (R2) was found to be the best model to predict the experimental data of the co-gasification process. For both reaction stages of single fuels, SD showed the lowest values of activation energy and thermodynamics parameters. The blends of PC: SD and PC: CS provided the lowest activation energy and thermodynamics parameters for the pyrolysis stage and the char gasification stage, respectively. The co-gasification of PC and biomass wastes are a promising technique for the efficient utilization of PC and biomass wastes.     

High resolution FIB-TEM and FIB-SEM characterization of electrode/electrolyte interfaces in solid oxide fuel cells materials

A Focused Ion Beam (FIB)/lift-out technique was used to prepare site-specific thin samples of the cathode/electrolyte interface of Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (IT-SOFC) materials. The cathode under study was a nanostructured perovskite of composition La_0.4Sr_0.6Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3-δ (LSCF) deposited by spin coating on a Ce_0.9Gd_0.1O_2-δ (CGO) supporting substrate. We compared the results for a 15 μm and a 5 μm thickness cathode layers, before and after a thermal treatment of 1000 h at 500 °C, with the aim of simulating operation conditions. Both, Transmission (TEM) and Scanning (SEM) Electron Microscopy, coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) systems, were used to characterize the composition and nanostructure at both sides of the cathode/electrolyte interface. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a semi-coherent interface between LSCF and CGO was observed by Electron Diffraction as well as by High Resolution TEM in many points at the interfacial boundary. A large difference in total contact area was observed between the thickest and the thinnest cathode layers, despite they present the same composition and nano sized structure. The real contact area in the 5 μm cathode sample is around 50% less than in the 15 μm sample due to the presence of pores at the interface. This observation may partially explain the difference in resistivity observed for these two half cells assemblies. On the other side, no differences were found comparing composition and nanostructure at the interface before and after the thermal treatment. Thus, this study becomes fundamental to understand the role played by the interface for improving the performance of IT-SOFC under long time operation conditions: a necessary premise for its real application.     

Degradation mechanism of organic solar cells with aluminum cathode

Polymer-based solar cells with aluminum (Al) cathode often suffer from degradation in air. Here the study focuses on the degradation mechanism at the interface between Al and organic active layer. By performing interface modification combined with electrical and chemical characterization, it is demonstrated that the rapid degradation originates from the formation of a charge blocking layer between evaporated Al cathode and organic active layer. Insertion of a thin interfacial layer of thermally evaporated CrO_x between organic active layer and Al cathode can greatly improve the device stability. It is found that the CrO_x interfacial layer functions as a protective layer by stopping or minimizing penetration of thermally evaporated Al into the active layer to form a diffused organic-Al interface, which will then result in a large oxidized interfacial area upon air exposure.     

Graphitic carbon nitride‐chitosan composites–anchored palladium nanoparticles as high‐performance catalyst for ammonia borane hydrolysis

The novel composites consisting of graphitic carbon nitride and chitosan (denoted as g‐C₃N₄‐CS) is synthesized for anchoring palladium nanoparticles. The results reveal that the resultant catalysts possess superior catalytic activity for ammonia borane (AB) hydrolysis. The corresponding turnover frequency reaches up to 27.7 at 30.0°C, and the activation energy is as low as 35.3 kJ mol^?1. Kinetics study reveals that the hydrolysis reaction is 0.50 and 0.68 orders with AB concentration and palladium concentration, respectively. In addition, the catalytic activity of the resultant Pd(0)/g‐C₃N₄‐CS catalysts is stable even after 10 runs. The result will be helpful for the development of hydrogen generation and functional materials.     

Effect of MnOx phase on Pt-based catalyst for enhancing CO/C3H6/NO oxidation performance

To improve the fuel economy, it is crucial to promote the low-temperature performance in eliminating diesel emissions. The work investigates the impact of different MnO₂/Mn₂O₃ phase ratio on the low-temperature performance of Pt-based monolithic diesel oxidation catalyst. Near equal ratio of MnO_x phase could form the three-phase (platinum, MnO₂, Mn₂O₃) interfacial structure, leading to the smaller platinum particle size and exhibiting the higher interface rate (1.6–11.1 times) than other mono-manganese oxide with platinum. Besides, the higher oxygen mobility and more active oxygen species could be contributed to the positive effect of Pt/MnO_x interface, which are prevalent to activate the reactant and greatly enhance the TOF value (1.4–20.8 times). The results imply that the modification of multi-phase metal/oxide interface is potential in dispersing platinum for greatly enhancing the catalytic efficiency.