共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 180 毫秒
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由于人类活动和工农业生产的快速发展,水源水质的污染日趋加剧。新的环境污染使传统的饮用水消毒技术难以满足人们对饮用水水质的要求,对此国内外不断研究开发出安全高效的饮用水消毒技术。从消毒灭菌机理、灭菌效果及其影响因素、消毒副产物安全性等方面对目前的饮用水消毒技术进行了综述和剖析,并对其发展趋势进行了展望,旨在了解国内外饮用水消毒技术的现状和不足,促进开发更安全有效的饮用水消毒技术。 相似文献
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紫外线相关消毒工艺在饮用水处理中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
叙述了国内外紫外线消毒技术在给水处理中的最新研究进展.介绍了紫外线的消毒效果、反应动力学及缺点,对紫外线与其它化学消毒剂联用消毒工艺,以及近年来发展的光催化消毒技术,UV/H2O2工艺用于消毒的可行性进行了分析.对紫外线相关消毒技术的研究趋势进行了展望,认为饮用水消毒方面,应特别针对隐孢子虫,贾第虫以及藻类等的灭活效果及影响因素进行探讨,深入研究紫外线与其它消毒剂的联用技术,加强中压汞灯的光催化消毒效果,机理的研究;藻类控制方面,应系统研究紫外线对不同藻类的灭活剂量以及预处理中对藻毒素、消毒副产物的控制,并加与其它工艺联用除藻工艺的研究. 相似文献
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综述了国内外医院废水消毒工艺中常见的消毒方法,介绍了加热、紫外线、液氯、次氯酸钠、二氧化氯等消毒技术及其特点,并探讨了今后医院废水消毒技术的发展方向。 相似文献
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世界上广泛使用紫外线消毒饮用水,无数的水设施和大城市靠紫外线消毒他们的饮水。紫外光使致病菌,病毒和寄水虫失活,而紫外线的使用不会导致对增加着的抗生素的使用产生抗药性,紫外线已成功地应用于地下水、泉水、井水和地表水的处理。 相似文献
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消毒的主要目的是为了灭活水中的致病微生物。水厂中主要被使用的消毒剂有氯、氯胺、臭氧、二氧化氯和紫外线。综合分析其消毒效巢和优缺点。重点介绍了多种组合消毒方式,以及分析其在水厂消毒中改善消毒效果和控制消毒副产物方面的应用。 相似文献
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通过对黄浦江原水化合氯消毒过程生成的消毒副产物进行监测,并采用均匀试验研究黄浦江原水中氯消毒过程中DBPs生成模型。试验表明,黄浦江原水经过化合氯消毒生成的三卤甲烷和卤乙酸类消毒副产物最高浓度主要出现在温度较高的夏季,测得三卤甲烷、卤乙酸的最低值和最高值,三氯甲烷、二氯乙溴甲烷、一氯二溴甲烷的最高值;UV254与三卤甲烷生成量的相关性最好,相关系数在0.7以上,卤乙酸与有机物参数线性相关性较低,相关系数R2均在0.2以下;常规工艺对三卤甲烷和卤乙酸平均去除率在20%左右;最后建立了黄浦江原水消毒过程中三卤甲烷和卤乙酸类消毒副产物生成模型。 相似文献
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次氯酸钠现场生产系统在大中型水厂的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了次氯酸钠现场生产系统的技术原理和在上海长兴水厂的应用,并与其它几种饮用水消毒手段:投加氯气、二氧化氯、商品次氯酸钠、臭氧以及紫外线照射进行了比较。表明次氯酸钠现场生产技术与液氯或商品次氯酸钠消毒技术相比,是一种无论在原料运输、制备、贮存、投加方面都很安全并有良好即时和持续消毒效果的技术,在经济性方面也比商品次氯酸钠技术优越,次氯酸钠现场生产技术较为适合于大中型自来水厂消毒。 相似文献
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The quality control of UV drinking water disinfection has made an enormous progress in the last decade. The better understanding of the process and the higher quality assurance of the UV disinfection plants has increased the acceptance of UV drinking water disinfection. Three UV water disinfection standards were internationally developed by the USEPA, the German Association for Gas and Water and the Austrian Standards Institute. The quality assurance of safe UV water disinfection is based on 3 main prerequisites: the knowledge of the UV resistance of health related microorganisms transmittable by water, to set a sufficient high UV fluence, the careful evaluation of commercial UV plants and the control of the UV irradiation process during practical application by means of defined alarm points and a calibrated UV sensor, which allows checks against official specifications. Here we describe the basic principles of the validation of UV drinking water systems and point out the specific differences between the three international UV disinfection standards with regard to validation. 相似文献
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基于响应面优化法,研究紫外/氯耦合处理饮用水中氨氮的效能。考察氯氮质量比、紫外辐射时间和pH值3个影响因素及其交互作用对氨氮去除的影响,采用二阶方程进行数学模拟,并优化工艺条件。结果表明,紫外/氯耦合技术能有效去除氨氮,三因素均对氨氮的去除影响显著,各因素的交互作用也显著存在。数学拟合模型的相关系数较高(R2=0.992),模型回归性好。满足饮用水氨氮出水要求(0.5 mg·L-1)的最优工艺条件为:氯氮质量比4.00,紫外辐射时间6.00 min和pH值7.5。验证实验结果与预测值的偏差仅为0.64%,响应面拟合方程可用于氨氮去除率的预测和最优工艺条件的确定。紫外/氯耦合技术是一种新型的氨氮去除方法,具有投药量小、去除效率高、操作简单等优点。 相似文献
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At the SAMRO AG plant in Burgdorf, Switzerland, the Ventafresh technology has been adopted for cleaning, disinfecting, and storage of potatoes. Ventafresh technologies include washing raw potatoes with ozone-containing water, then treatment with UV radiation in a specially designed “disinfection tunnel”. Ozone wash water disinfects the potatoes while field detritus is removed. UV radiation continues the disinfection and simultaneously destroys remaining ozone. After being processed in the Ventafresh tunnel, cleansed and disinfected potatoes are stored in a clean warehouse at high humidity in an atmosphere containing a lower concentration of ozone. When ready for marketing, the stored potatoes are washed with ozone/water, dried and graded, then washed in another bath with ultrasound and UV radiation, washed again in ozone/water, passed through a tunnel while being exposed to UV radiation (185 and 254 nm), passed through a bath of electrolyzed water, through another UV tunnel, packaged in a nitrogen?+?CO2 atmosphere, and distributed. The process is applicable to all root vegetables, plus root celery and asparagus, and also to certain fruits (apples, pears, kiwis, tomatoes, and Sharon fruits). 相似文献
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B.Z. Diamant 《臭氧:科学与工程》1980,2(3):241-250
The recent discovery of chlorine-based halo–organic carcinogens in water supplies has highlighted the study of ozone as a suitable replacement to chlorine. Ozone is the most powerful oxidizing agent among water disinfectants. It has been used for water purification prior to chlorine and only its high cost has hampered its wider application. The recently discovered adverse effects of chlorine have buttresssed the use of ozone in water disinfection and today, over 1,100 water treatment plants around the world use ozone for disinfection. Large scale introduction of new disinfection systems in the developed countries will require suitable modifications in numerous existing water treatment plants. However, in the developing countries, the majority of the people do not yet have access to safe water supplies and the availability of plants which assure good quality water is ranked among the top priority targets in all national development programs in these countries. 相似文献