微量元素对籽粒中大豆异黄酮积累的影响

对两个大豆品种（高异黄酮品种中豆27和普通品种九农20）进行盆栽试验,施用七种微量元素（镁、硼、锰、锌、铜、铁和钼）,利用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测大豆籽粒的异黄酮含量。结果显示,不同微量元素对大豆籽粒的异黄酮含量影响差异显著,其中五种微量元素（镁、硼、锰、铜和铁）使大豆异黄酮含量增高,但到一定浓度时,则含量下降;锌元素对大豆异黄酮含量的影响随着微量元素含量提高呈下降趋势;钼元素对大豆异黄酮含量的影响随着微量元素含量提高呈增高趋势。微量元素的含量对异黄酮含量的积累影响很大,镁、硼、锰、铜和铁五种微量元素的含量在0.5mmol/L～1.0mmol/L之间异黄酮含量最高。     

玉米株型对套作大豆氮素积累、转运和籽粒蛋白质产量的影响

以＂玉/豆＂套作模式为背景,三个不同株型的玉米和三个不同熟期的大豆材料,采用两因素裂区设计,研究了大豆地上部氮素积累和转运,以及籽粒蛋白质含量的差异。结果表明,各大豆品种中,以晚熟大豆在不同时期、不同器官的氮素积累量为最高,分别高出中、早熟品种121.09%和165.33%,其氮素积累速率、有效荚数、籽粒产量和蛋白质含量平均分别为3.78kg/hm2.d、60.27荚、3 840.22kg/hm2和48.71%,均显著高于中、早熟品种;大豆地上部氮素积累总量、积累速率、转运量和单株有效荚数均随着玉米株型的变化（从紧凑型到平展型）而减少,紧凑型玉米下的大豆籽粒产量和蛋白质产量分别为2 609.10kg/hm2和1 203.83kg/hm2,显著高于其他玉米株型处理;交互作用分析表明,玉米株型与大豆熟性在单株荚数、单荚粒数、籽粒产量和蛋白质产量上互作显著;相关性分析表明蛋白质产量与籽粒产量极显著相关。因此,选择紧凑型玉米与晚熟大豆品种搭配有利于提高套作大豆的产量,从而提高籽粒蛋白质产量。     

大豆异黄酮酸水解条件的研究

研究了乙醇-水体系提取大豆异黄酮后,再经酸水解的最优工艺条件,经正交实验,确定最佳条件为原料与HC1比为1∶6,HC1浓度0.1mol/L,水解温度85℃;水解时间为1h。     

套作遮荫条件下烯效唑对大豆壮苗机理的研究

为探明烯效唑在套作遮荫条件下对大豆的壮苗机理,通过盆栽试验,研究了烯效唑干拌种（0、2、4、Stag／kg）对大豆苗期根、叶生理功能的影响。结果表明,烯效唑干拌种提高了根体积、根系活力和根系活跃吸收面积（除8mg／kg）,但显著降低了根长。同时,烯效唑干拌种还提高了根、叶中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性,从而降低了脂质过氧化程度,降低了根、叶中丙二醛（MDA）含量,提高了根、叶中脯氨酸（Pro）含量,最终保护了细胞膜的完整性和功能性,其中烯效唑干拌种浓度以4rag／ks最佳。可见,适宜浓度的烯效唑干拌种可以改善套作大豆苗期生长状况,提高耐荫抗逆能力,有利于套作大豆后期的营养生长和生殖生长。     

大豆异黄酮水解方法的比较

论述了大豆异黄酮糖苷的不同水解方法,并对其原理、工艺路线和特点进行了比较,提出了水解大豆异黄酮糖苷的最好方法是酶水解法,是一种绿色无污染的技术。     

大豆膳食纤维和大豆异黄酮对糖尿病影响

糖尿病已成为严重威胁人类健康疾病之一。多项研究表明,大豆膳食纤维可改善糖尿病白鼠高血糖、消瘦、多饮多食等症状,具有降血糖、降血脂、预防肥胖症等作用;且对糖尿病白鼠肝肾组织也有保护作用。大豆异黄酮不仅可增加胰岛素敏感性,增强胰岛细胞分泌胰岛素能力,增强糖尿病白鼠免疫力;且具有抗氧化、降低血清胆固醇和甘油三酯等功能,这对预防和减缓糖尿病白鼠并发症具有一定防治作用。该文主要介绍大豆膳食纤维和大豆异黄酮对糖尿病影响,为预防和控制糖尿病提供一定科学依据。     

后熟期间大豆籽粒油脂组成和品质特征的变化规律

通过测定新收获的国产大豆在后熟期间油脂的粗脂肪含量、酸价、过氧化值和脂肪酸组成来探究后熟期间大豆籽粒中脂肪的变化规律。结果表明：在后熟过程中,大豆的粗脂肪含量呈逐渐上升趋势,度过后熟期则逐渐下降,粗脂肪含量从初始的19.25%升高至21.30%,在30 d达到最大值后缓慢下降;大豆酸价及过氧化值均为上升趋势,且大豆酸价及过氧化值均与大豆油脂肪酸的比值呈负相关;油酸和亚油酸的相对含量呈负相关,亚油酸和亚麻酸的相对含量呈正相关。通过研究发现后熟期间大豆籽粒脂肪含量有了显著升高,对于生产实际有很好的指导作用。     

碱法水解大豆异黄酮工艺条件研究

为提高大豆总异黄酮中的染料木黄酮含量,用碱水解大豆异黄酮粗品,促使丙二酰基异黄酮转化为葡萄糖苷型异黄酮,再对其进行酸水解.单因素和正交实验研究表明,温度是主要的影响因素.由正交实验得出大豆异黄酮碱水解后再进行酸水解的最佳工艺路线为:用1.0 mol/L NaOH溶液,料液比1∶ 10,温度65 ℃,水解时间20 min,后用1 mol/L盐酸,55 ℃水解2 h,样品中以染料木黄酮计的异黄酮总含量由287.09 μg/g提高到532.76 μg/g.     

大豆异黄酮提取工艺的比较研究

本试验以脱脂豆粕为原料,通过正交试验及方差分析得出.乙醇回流提取法的最佳提取条件:即以50%的乙醇水溶液,1:10料液比,在70℃下提取3 h,大豆异黄酮含量为2.75%,得率为6.27 mg/g;超声波辅助提取法的最佳提取条件:即以60%的乙醇水溶液,1:8料液比,在40℃下超声(180 W,40 kHz)提取30 min,大豆异黄酮含量为2.80%,得率为6.35 mg/g.     

发酵豆粕中大豆异黄酮提取条件的优化

旨在优化发酵豆粕中大豆异黄酮的提取条件,通过单因素试验,确定从发酵豆粕中提取大豆异黄酮的最佳提取条件是:60％乙醇,料液比200g/L,室温下提取60 min,提取2次.此条件下异黄酮提取总量为2855.485 μg/g.     

套作遮荫对大豆不同品种苗期氮代谢的影响

以相对不耐荫的南冬抗022-2、贡秋豆494-1和较耐荫的贡选1号、南豆12为试材,在＂玉-豆＂套作和单作两种模式下,研究了不同大豆品种苗期氮代谢对套作遮荫的响应。结果表明,套作遮荫下大豆植株全氮含量较高、全碳含量较低,从而使C/N降低,其中叶C/N要明显低于茎。同时,套作遮荫下大豆植株NO3-含量升高,功能叶中NR（硝酸还原酶）和GS（谷氨酰胺合成酶）活性降低。套作遮荫抑制了大豆功能叶片可溶性蛋白的表达,而有利于叶片中氨基酸的积累。这些效应在不同耐荫性大豆品种之间表现出明显差异。耐荫性较强的贡选1号和南豆12在套作遮荫下C/N降低幅度大、可溶性蛋白降低程度小,并且能够保持相对较高的NO3-和氨基酸含量。     

套作大豆农艺性状研究

在与玉米套作条件下,对33份大豆材料的农艺性状进行了研究。结果表明：套作大豆平均株高122.98cm,主茎节数较少,单个节间较长;分枝对于套作大豆产量形成极为重要,参试材料平均分枝数为5.05个,分枝粒重占单株粒重81.1%;相关分析表明,套作大豆产量与分枝粒重、最高分枝高、有效分枝数、平均分枝长度、生育期（天）极显著正相关,与主茎节数和营养生长期显著正相关;主成分分析结果表明,分枝因子、主茎因子、产量因子和结荚因子等四个因子对变异的贡献率达77.28%。本文研究结果可为生产上套作大豆专用品种筛选和选育提供理论依据。     

不同大豆品种幼苗叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性对套作遮荫的响应

选用4个耐荫性有差异的大豆品种为材料,通过与单作比较,研究了套作遮荫时不同大豆品种幼苗叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性的差异。结果表明,套作遮荫提高了大豆叶片叶绿素含量、总叶绿素与类胡萝卜素比值（Chl（a＋b）／Car）、胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）、水分利用效率（WUE）、叶片初始荧光（Fo）、PSⅡ有效光化学量子产量（Fv′／Fm′）和实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）;使叶绿素a与叶绿素b比值（Chla／b）、类胡萝卜素（Car）含量、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、气孔限制值（Ls）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量（Fv／Fm）、光化学荧光猝灭系数（qP）、非光化学荧光猝灭（NPQ）呈减小趋势。套作遮荫降低了大豆地上部分干物质积累量,其干物质积累量与Pn呈极显著正相关。耐荫性相对较好的材料,如贡选1号和南豆12在套作遮荫下Pn下降较少,且有着相对较高的Chlb、Car分子组成比例、Fo和Fv／Fm。     

复合生防菌群对连作大豆根际土壤可培养微生物区系的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了复合生防菌群对大豆根际土壤可培养微生物区系的调节作用。结果表明,复合生防菌群可以明显改变大豆根际微生物区系组成。在大豆不同时期,复合生防菌群处理的大豆根际细菌、真菌和放线菌在数量上发生了较大改变。在大豆真叶期和复叶期,复合生防菌群接种处理大豆根际细菌较对照增幅分别达到71.8%和114.3%,而根际真菌较对照减少12.9%和22.3%。在大豆真叶期,复合生防菌群接种处理大豆根际放线菌数量较对照减少9.9%,而在复叶期,根际放线菌数量较对照增加27.4%。此外,施用复合生防菌群可有效降低土传病原菌镰孢菌属（Fusarium）和丝核菌属（Rhizoctonia）的比例,并且提高根瘤菌（Rhizobium）、固氮菌（Azoto-bacter）、木霉属（Trichoderma）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）和芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）等有益菌的比例。     

大豆异黄酮提取及其生物转化的研究进展

大豆异黄酮是大豆生长过程中形成的一种次级代谢产物,主要以糖苷和游离苷元的形式分布于大豆的子叶和胚轴中。研究表明,游离型大豆异黄酮具有许多重要的生理功能,诸如抗氧化、抗癌抑癌、保护心血管、预防骨质疏松及女性更年期综合症等。随着科学技术的进步,大豆异黄酮的应用日趋广泛。对国内外大豆中异黄酮的提取方法及其优缺点,以及由糖苷型大豆异黄酮转化为游离苷元的方法进行综述,以期为大豆异黄酮的应用研究提供帮助。     

高效液相色谱法测定大豆制品中异黄酮含量

研究了用高效液相色谱法测定大豆制品中2种异黄酮成分染料木黄酮Genistein和大豆黄素Daidzein含量的色谱条件。结果表明:样品先用正己烷在超过90℃脱脂10h,然后用80%甲醇在80℃加热回流提取。色谱柱采用日本岛津公司的BDSHypersilC18柱(250×4.6×5),流动相为甲醇:(0.5%)乙酸水溶液,采用浓度梯度洗脱,流速为1.0mL/min,柱温为35℃,检测波长为260nm。     

Analysis of phenolic compounds and isoflavones in soybean seeds (Glycine max (L.) Merill) and sprouts grown under different conditions

Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merill) are popularly known as a healthy food in many Asian countries and are mostly consumed as soymilk, tofu, and fermented products such as miso, temph, and sufu. The objective of this study was to determine the variation and composition of phenolic compounds and isoflavone contents in soybean seeds [Glycine max (L.) Merill] and sprouts [Kongnamul] grown under dark conditions (producing yellow soybean sprouts) and in green and yellow boxes (producing green soybean sprouts). In seven soybean cultivars, the total phenolic content ranged from 6.67 μg⁻¹ in Pureunkong to 72.33 μg⁻¹ in Poongsannamulkong. The average total phenolic content in the green soybean sprouts (48.33 μg⁻¹) was higher than in the yellow soybean sprouts (29.75 μg⁻¹). The total phenolic content in the yellow soybean sprouts varied from 9.88 μg⁻¹ to 47.71 μg⁻¹, and the total phenolic content in the green soybean sprouts varied from 29.21 μg⁻¹ to 79.70 μg⁻¹. Only four phenolic compounds, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid, were detected in all soybean cultivars. Syringic acid was not detected in yellow soybean sprouts, and myricetin was only detected in yellow soybean sprouts (4.65 μg⁻¹) from the Pureunkong cultivar grown under dark conditions. The total isoflavone content in soybean seeds ranged from 2.1 μg⁻¹ in Sowonkong to 33.0 μg⁻¹ in Pureunkong, and the mean total isoflavones was 10.61 μg⁻¹. Green soybean sprouts had higher average total isoflavones (1389.4 μg⁻¹) than yellow soybean sprouts (559.2 μg⁻¹), and the total isoflavone content was highest in the Pureunkong yellow soybean sprouts (756.3 μg⁻¹) and the Sowonkong green soybean sprouts (2791.6 μg⁻¹). In soybean sprouts, the higher the (malonyl)-daidzin or (malonyl)-genistein content, the higher the total isoflavone level. Our study suggests that producing soybean sprouts enriched in isoflavones under coloured-light sources is feasible.     

In vitro evaluation of antifungal activity of soybean (Glycine max) seed coat proteins

Proteins in the soybean seed coat have previously been characterized; however, the function of these proteins is unknown. We show that a soybean seed coat protein fraction was able to inhibit the growth of Fusarium lateritium and Fusarium oxysporum phytopathogenic fungi. The antifungal fraction isolated by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography revealed the presence of peroxidase, vicilin and a 24 kDa protein homologous to acid phosphatases. Germination experiments revealed that both acid phosphatase and peroxidase were exuded during seed imbibition. We suggest that the set of seed coat antifungal proteins may help protect seeds from colonization by phytopathogenic fungi.     

Changes in chemical composition during soybean seed development

This study examined the compositional change of five specialty soybean genotypes, which are low in oligosaccharides, high in oil, high in protein, large seeded or small seeded, along with two commercial cultivars, Jack and Ozark, during seed development and maturation. Seeds were sampled at 7-day intervals from initial seed formation to full maturity for approximately 8 weeks, and analysed for oil, protein, soluble saccharides, and starch. Although there were significant differences among the seven soybean genotypes in their chemical compositions, some compositional changes followed similar trends. Protein content decreased during the first 3–5 weeks after flowering and then gradually increased. Oil was accumulated rapidly during the early stages. The percentage of starch ranged from 6 to 15% in developing seeds, but declined sharply to 0.2–1% at maturity. Sucrose decreased during seed development and maturation, while non-digestible oligosaccharides (raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose) remained at low levels during early stage until 3 weeks before harvest and increased towards maturity. These findings provide valuable information for developing and selecting specialty soybean varieties for specific applications.