提升高塔全水溶硝基复合肥品质的技术与应用

通过高塔全水溶硝基复合肥生产原材料硫酸钾对产品溶解速率的影响实验和防结块实验,筛选出适合提升全水溶硝基复合肥品质的原材料指标,优化出防结剂的最佳组合,同时对生产工艺进行优化.优化改进后,产品品质大幅度提升,解决了复合肥行业高塔全水溶硝基复合肥配方产品水溶性差、易板结的生产难题.     

高塔硝基复合肥生产

硝基复合肥安全生产要素,高塔造粒生产中的配方对产品结块的影响,高塔生产过程中原材料对产品质量、制浆、造粒的影响。     

高塔造粒生产全水溶硝基复合肥的技术研究与实践

湖北三宁化工股份有限公司有两条高塔复合肥生产线(双塔),正常运行模式为一塔生产普通脲基复合肥、一塔生产硝基复合肥,原生产的硝基复合肥无法达到全水溶要求;鉴于全水溶硝基复合肥市场前景较好、产品利润率较高,决定上马高塔造粒改产全水溶硝基复合肥项目。高塔造粒全水溶硝基复合肥试产初期,存在产品防结块性能较好时水溶性不好、产品水溶性较好时防结块性能差的问题。于是,通过全水溶试验与防结块试验研究影响全水溶硝基复合肥水溶性和防结块性的因素,最终通过对造粒装置实施改造开发出了一种全新的生产颗粒全水溶硝基复合肥的生产方法。改进后的高塔造粒装置投产以来,所生产的全水溶硝基复合肥产品市场反应良好,为企业创造了良好的经济效益。     

硝铵磷对硝基复合肥防结块性能的影响

为评价硝铵磷对硝基复合肥结块性的影响,筛选出能够提升硝基复合肥防结块性能的硝铵磷,测试不同厂家硝铵磷的存储稳定性和吸湿率,并制备w(N)22%的硝基复合肥,对比不同硝铵磷制备的硝基复合肥的防结块性性能。结果表明,选择吸湿率低、存储稳定性高的硝铵磷生产硝基复合肥,可以有效地提高其防结块性能。     

氨酸法硝基复合肥生产工艺控制

分析硝酸铵与硝基复合肥生产相关的基本特性,介绍利用改性硝酸铵氨酸法生产硝基复合肥的工艺流程及生产工艺控制注意事项。通过对配料、造粒、干燥、筛分、冷却、包膜工序指标的严格控制,硝基复合肥成球率可达到90%以上,存放3个月不结块,生产安全平稳运行。     

防止复合肥结块采取的技改措施

分析复合肥结块原因及采取的技改措施:筛分后利用流化床冷却进一步降低包装温度;提高喷浆造粒干燥机机尾温度,降低产品的水分;增加产品分级筛网,生产1.5~2.5 mm、2.5~3.5 mm、3.5~4.5 mm 3个等级的复肥产品,提高产品粒度的均匀性;增加包膜机对复合肥进行防结块处理,提高磷矿石品位等,从而有效解决了硫基复合肥的结块问题。     

高塔熔体复合肥造粒温度在料浆三相点附近的优点

针对高塔造粒生产复合肥存在塔壁结疤、产品结块的问题,开发了高塔熔体复合肥在造粒料浆三相点温度附近造粒的技术,阐述造粒料浆三相点温度的确定方法,以及在三相点附近造粒之优点。由于该造粒技术可使造粒温度比原来降低15℃左右,有效地防止了复合肥产品结块,降低了生产成本。     

高塔硝基复合肥生产中值得注意的安全问题

简要介绍了生产高塔硝基复合肥的熔体原料硝酸铵的性质及其易引起安全事故的原因。具体分析了高塔硝基复合肥生产中的制浆工序、防结块剂以及返料等容易被忽视的安全隐患,并提出了必要的防范措施。     

含腐殖酸复合肥防结块剂的制备及应用性能探讨

通过对腐殖酸进行改性,并与保水剂、表面活性剂和填料按比例混合均匀后制得粉剂防结块剂。复合肥防结块试验结果表明:粉剂防结块剂中的腐殖酸经微生物作用后,有利于降低复合肥的相对防结块率,且改性腐殖酸的防结块效果优于改性腐殖酸钾和改性腐殖酸铵;表面活性剂为十二烷基磷酸酯或十二烷基磷酸酯与椰油基咪唑啉的混合物(复配质量比1∶1)的防结块效果较好;吨肥防结块剂用量以3.0 kg为宜,复合肥相对结块率和生产成本均相对较低。     

在NPK生产中加入氧化镁防止产品结块

造成ＮＰＫ复合肥结块的因素很多，产品含水量是影响产品结块的主要原因之一，本文从降低产品中游离水入手，在ＮＰＫ复合肥生产中加入氧化镁，以防止产品结块。     

Preparation,forms and properties of controlled-release phosphate fertilizers

Controlled-release phosphate fertilizers include phosphate rocks (PRs) for direct application, partially acidulated phosphate rocks (PAPRs) and thermal phosphates. Phosphate rocks contain apatite as the main P containing mineral, the composition and the chemical nature of which vary between PRs. Based on the solubility in chemical extractants PRs are broadly grouped into ‘reactive’ and ‘unreactive’. The ‘reactivity’ of PRs is influenced strongly by the extent of carbonate substitution for phosphate in the apatite minerals. Under certain soil and climatic conditions reactive PRs (RPRs) can be used as a source of P for direct application. Partially acidulated phosphate rocks (PAPRs) are produced either by direct partial acidulation of PRs with mineral acids or by mixing PRs with fully acidulated superphosphate reaction mixtures. Partial acidulation of PRs with H₃PO₄ generally results in higher water soluble P contents than those acidulated with H₂SO₄. Mixing of RPRs with superphosphate reaction mixtures sometimes results in the preferential consumption of free acid and thereby increases the amounts of residual unreacted PRs. Thermal phosphates are produced by either heating PRs below melting point both in the presence and the absence of silica (calcined phosphates) or heating PRs with silica above melting point (fused phosphate). These phosphates are alkaline in nature and hence suitable for acidic soils.     

磷化处理技术

介绍了磷化工艺的原理、作用及分类方法、常用的磷化及预处理的配方实例。     

糖的磷酰化反应研究

选用磷酸氢二钠和磷酸二氢钠的混合盐作酯化试剂与葡萄糖反应,制备了葡萄糖磷酸酯,考察了酯化剂用量、磷酸盐混合物的质量比、催化剂尿素等因素对葡萄糖磷酸酯的取代度和反应效率的影响。结果表明,制备葡萄糖磷酸酯的最佳反应条件为:反应温度80℃,磷酸盐和葡萄糖的质量比为1∶1,磷酸二氢钠与磷酸氢二钠的质量比为3∶1;催化剂加入量为葡萄糖含量的10%,反应时间为6 h。用水作溶剂,合成了水溶性较好的Ca、Cu、Zn等金属磷酸酯配合物,并进行了红外光谱分析。另外,对多糖——纤维素进行磷酰化,测定了其产物的络合能力。     

磷酸二氢铵应用研究进展

中国磷矿资源丰富,为磷酸盐工业的发展带来了重大机遇。磷酸二氢铵作为重要的磷酸盐系列产品之一,常用作氮-磷复合肥广泛使用,但肥料利用率低,附加值不高,造成资源浪费,阻碍了磷化工的发展。重点综述了磷酸二氢铵在灭火剂、阻燃剂、玻璃材料、磷酸铁锂材料和基体改进剂等领域的应用,为拓展磷酸二氢铵的应用领域、提高磷酸二氢铵附加值提供了借鉴。最后,对磷酸二氢铵今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

对我国饲料磷酸盐生产的建议

在介绍国内外饲料磷酸盐发展概况的基础上，重点论述了饲料级磷酸氢钙和脱氟磷酸钙的生产方法和技术进步，并对加快我国饲料磷酸盐生产的发展提出了一些看法。     

全球饲料磷酸盐市场现状与发展方向

评述了世界饲料磷酸盐产品的品种，包括磷酸氢钙、磷酸二氢钙、脱氟磷酸钙等，市场需求量变化情况，主要生产工艺的比较，生产能力与产量变化及现状等。介绍了影响饲料磷酸盐市场需求变化的因素并对饲料磷酸盐所面对的生物技术、生物效价、生产环保等问题进行分析，预测了饲料磷酸盐的发展方向。     

Single superphosphate - reactive phosphate rock mixtures. 3. The use of concentration ratios of elements to identify the nature and amounts of unacidulated rock residues in the mixtures

Water insoluble residues (WIR) of unreactive phosphate rocks in single superphosphate-reactive phosphate rock (SSP-RPR) mixtures are considered to reduce the agronomic value of these mixtures. A technique using concentration ratios of elements to identify the quantities of WIR of ground North Carolina (NC), ground Nauru and as received NC phosphate rocks in a SSP-RPR was developed. Of 22 elements tested P/Sr ratios were found to be the only element ratios that could be used to distinguish between WIR's derived from Nauru and NC. P/Sr ratios in Nauru and NC were markedly different and provided a useful index for differentiating between the two rocks. During acidulation the P/Sr concentration ratio remained essentially constant in the WIR's from both rocks.Using the element ratio technique the percentage of total P in the SSP-RPR sample was determined to be 60-61% water soluble, 5% water insoluble Nauru, 2% water insoluble ground NC and 32-33% water insoluble as received NC.The element ratio technique developed in this study can be applied to partially acidulated P fertilizers made with rocks other than NC and Nauru provided elements which satisfy the same conditions as Sr in this study can be found.     

国际磷矿工业发展趋势

本文从磷矿资源、磷矿生产、磷矿石的进出口以及世界磷矿石和磷肥的贸易角度,阐明目前磷矿工业的矿肥结合发展方向,提出中国的对策应是限制并停止磷矿石的出口,就地发展自己的磷肥工业,以减少高价的高浓度磷复肥的进口。     

Partially acidulated phosphate rocks: Phosphorus release characteristics

Five phosphate rocks varying in formic acid P solubility from 18.9 to 52.7%, expressed as percentage of total P, were acidulated with phosphoric or sulphuric acids to 0, 20%, 33% and 50% of full acidulation and granulated. In an incubation experiment fertilizer granules of diameter 1–2 mm were mixed with two acid soils and after 1 week incubation soil samples were extracted with a 0.5 M NaOH solution. In a dissipation experiment single fertilizer granules of 4 mm diameter were implanted into soil, incubated for 1 and 4 weeks and inorganic P fractionation in the residual granules and the surrounding soil was performed. Dissipated P was greater than the water soluble P content of the partly acidulated phosphate rock fertilizers indicating the dissolution of the non-acidulated phosphate rocks. The amount of P dissipated was related to the initial water soluble P content and to the formic acid solubility of phosphate rocks used for manufacturing the fertilizers. The P dissipated increased with an increase in soil acidity.     

不同品种磷肥在土壤中的退化研究

对钙镁磷肥（FMP）、过磷酸钙（SSP）和部分酸化磷肥（PAPR）在河南郑州西岗沙土和河南西华县潮土中的退化情况进行了研究。