空气源热泵蒸发器并联轮换除霜理论研究

针对大中型空气源热泵系统除霜,提出一种空气源热泵蒸发器并联轮换除霜系统,该系统能够实现除霜时不停止制热。为分析系统的结霜/除霜特性,建立空气源热泵蒸发器并联轮换除霜系统理论模型。通过模拟研究蒸发器并联轮换除霜系统结霜/除霜过程中霜层和系统制热性能随运行时间的变化情况。结果表明,在环境温度-5℃,相对湿度80%时,系统运行60 min时,室外机霜层厚度已影响机组正常运行;在运行40 min时开始运行除霜,除霜周期为15.76 min,获得的最大制热量为7.94 kW,最大制热COP为2.77。     

空气源热泵名义制热量损失系数模型研究

为正确评价空气源热泵机组在结除霜过程的运行性能,探索其在冬季结霜工况下的运行性能,本文提出以"名义制热量损失系数"作为评价空气源热泵结除霜损失的重要参数,并基于大量实测数据,采用广义人工神经网络的预测方法,建立空气源热泵名义制热量损失系数的预测模型。结果表明:建立的预测模型相关系数r 0. 9,期望偏差百分数(EEP)小于6. 5%,模型学习训练效果及通用能力表现良好,该模型可用于预测空气源热泵机组结除霜过程的制热性能,预测结果可作为探寻不同结霜工况下最佳除霜控制点的重要依据。     

风机提前反转启动对机组空气源热泵除霜性能的影响

试验研究退出除霜循环前风机控制方式对空气源热泵机组冬季除霜的影响,基于多次连续的除霜循环和制热循环的测试数据,揭示改变风机控制方式时,翅片温度、出水温度、吸气过热度和过冷度等运行参数以及制热量的变化特点和变化规律,分析退出除霜前风机反转启动控制的优化的时间控制点,当采用这一风机控制方式时,可有效缩短机组除霜时间和制热恢复时间,延长除霜间隔时间和制热衰减时间,提高机组平均制热能力和运行效率,并减小压力和负荷波动,提高机组长期运行可靠性。     

带储液气液分离器的空气源热泵除霜系统研究

空气源热泵在冬季供热时室外蒸发器表面容易结霜,逆循环除霜作为最常用的一种除霜方法存在除霜带液和除霜时间长的问题.为提升逆循环除霜的空气源热泵系统性能,本文提出一种耦合储液气液分离器的空气源热泵除霜系统,该系统相比于传统的空气源热泵系统能够有效延缓结霜和缩短除霜时间.本文通过实验对比研究了6个工况下该系统和传统空气源热泵...     

空气源热泵除霜研究

空气源热泵的结霜问题已经成为影响空气源热泵机组可靠性的关键,提出了解决问题的三个方法:延缓结霜、除霜方法改进和除霜控制技术。增加风量、改进换热器形式等可以有效延缓结霜,并降低结霜的程度;采用蓄能除霜法可以减少除霜时间,室内恢复供热更快;模糊控制等控制方式可以使除霜更加智能化,从而达到良好的除霜效果。     

空气源热泵热水机组模糊除霜控制算法的研究

将结霜的主要影响因素和热泵系统对结霜状况的响应这两个方面确定为机组开始除霜的输入判据。在此基础上，研究模糊除霜的控制算法，确定隶属函数与模糊集，建立模糊规则表，并且确定除霜指令和除霜效果的评判，为实现空气源热泵热水机组的实时除霜控制和提高机组的运行性能奠定基础。     

结霜工况下空气源热泵-冷柜双联机性能实验研究

空气源热泵-冷柜双联机将热泵系统部分制冷剂用于对冷柜制冷系统进行机械过冷,可提高系统整体性能。本文将空气源热泵室外机与冷柜冷凝器设计成一体式换热器,在冬季工况下可利用冷柜制冷系统的冷凝热延缓空气源热泵室外机结霜。实验研究了结霜工况下空气源热泵-冷柜双联机性能,将热泵-冷柜联合运行工况下的性能与热泵单独运行工况下的性能进行了对比,并分析了不同冷流比条件下热泵系统、冷柜系统性能及热泵室外换热器表面结霜性能。实验结果表明:在室外换热器严重结霜工况下,相比于空气源热泵单独运行,双联机联合运行使结霜周期延长为原来的2.17倍,热泵系统平均制热量及平均COP分别提高了约5%及4.8%。随着冷流比增大,冷柜系统平均制冷量和平均COP均增大。而空气源热泵在冷流比为0～12%范围内,结霜周期、平均制热量及平均COP均变化较小,当冷流比大于12%时,随着冷流比增大,结霜周期缩短,平均制热量及平均COP呈下降趋势。     

空气源热泵结霜/除霜特性的数值模拟

为研究空气源热泵的结霜与除霜特性,建立了热泵系统结霜动态模型和显热除霜模型,求解模型获得了结霜与除霜过程中各系统参数变化规律。结果表明,初期霜层对系统性能影响较小;当结霜工况运行70 min时,系统性能系数(COP)、制热量和蒸发压力降幅分别为6.9%、10.9%和12.3%;随着霜层继续生长,系统性能衰减加剧;除霜工况下,管壁温度迅速升高,霜层预热后进入融霜阶段,从蒸发器入口微元到出口微元,融霜时间从7 s增加到52 s;进入融霜水蒸发阶段后,管壁温度增速减慢,沿制冷剂流动方向融霜水蒸发时间逐渐增加;当换热器散热与得热达到平衡时,管壁温度维持恒定。     

空气源热泵机组结霜及除霜控制方法的研究

讨论影响空气源热泵冷热水机组结霜的因素及常用除霜控制方式,并结合机组的实际运行情况提出一种典型的除霜控制流程.     

空气源热泵结霜问题的研究现状及进展（Ⅱ）

介绍近十几年来结霜工况下空气源热泵系统性能的实验研究及数值预测,除霜特性、除霜控制方法及抑制结霜等方面的研究现状,分析和总结其发展趋势。     

A novel defrosting control method based on the degree of refrigerant superheat for air source heat pumps

When an air source heat pump (ASHP) unit operates for space heating at a frosting environment, periodic defrosting is necessary to maintain a high system performance. To defrost efficiently, it is necessary to find an effective defrosting control method. In this paper, an experiment was carried out on an ASHP unit with a capillary tube as a throttle device, under simulated frosting and defrosting conditions using time control defrosting method, and the experimental results are firstly presented. Secondly, a novel defrosting control method based on the degree of refrigerant superheat (DS) is reported. To validate the novel defrosting control method, a further experiment was conducted on another ASHP unit with an electronic expansion valve (EEV) as a throttle device, under simulated frosting and defrosting conditions. The experimental results demonstrated that when applying the novel defrosting control method, defrosting was initiated before the operating performances of ASHP unit rapidly deteriorated, which was more reasonable.     

空气源热泵除霜控制方法研究现状及展望

空气源热泵在除霜过程中"误除霜"故障时有发生,"有霜不除"会导致机组制热能力和性能下降,"无霜除霜"会导致系统供热量损失,因此空气源热泵在除霜时最佳除霜起止点的判定尤为重要.除霜控制是通过选择恰当的除霜切入点和结束点,使除霜周期内空气源热泵系统稳定性好、节能以及能保证室内的热舒适.本文通过总结国内外学者对除霜控制方法的...     

A novel Temperature–Humidity–Time defrosting control method based on a frosting map for air-source heat pumps

To improve the defrosting accuracy and the energy efficiency of the air-source heat pump (ASHP) under frosting and defrosting conditions, a novel Temperature–Humidity–Time (T–H–T) defrosting control method, based on a frosting map for the ASHP unit, is proposed in this paper. A field test was conducted for two heating seasons, to verify the feasibility and applicability of the T–H–T method. The advantages of the T–H–T method, compared to the conventional Temperature–Time (T–T) defrosting control method, are presented. In total, eight cases are shown in this paper. Cases 1 to 4 were chosen to reveal the T–H–T performance under different frosting conditions. It was found that no matter what kind of frosting conditions, defrosting was always initiated in a similar situation: ∼90% of the outdoor coil surface was covered by frost; the temperature difference between the compressor suction and discharge increased by ∼20%; and the heating capacity decreased by ∼30%. These results indicate that the T–H–T method can make an accurate decision under different frosting conditions. Cases 5a, 5b and Cases 6a, 6b were two groups of cases to compare the advantages of the T–H–T method against the conventional T–T method. Cases 5a and 5b were chosen for the non-frosting condition. It was found that the T–T method initiated the defrosting operation 31 times within 24 h. However, none of the defrosting operations was conducted for the T–H–T method. Cases 6a and 6b were chosen to compare these two methods under consecutive and variable frosting conditions. For the T–T method, 63% of the defrosting processes were found to be executed under conditions where defrosting was not necessary. However, for the T–H–T method, all the defrosting controls were found to be accurate and reasonable. These results indicated that the novel T–H–T method is suitable for the defrosting control of the ASHP, and has a more competitive performance than the conventional T–T method.     

风源热泵模糊自修正除霜技术应用研究

在对热泵运行时结霜和除霜过程进行深入研究的基础上,提出了能适应环境温湿度变化的"变温差"模糊自修正除霜技术.该技术具有在线辩识和修正控制参数的功能,可根据热泵运行时蒸发温度与室外温度的差值和温差的变化率判断除霜的切入点,依据除霜时间和除霜结束时盘管的温度参数评估除霜质量,实时修正控制参数以获取最佳的制热效果.实验和应用研究表明:采用该技术的空调器在较宽的气候变化范围工作可靠,能适时把握除霜切入点和退出点,除霜干净.     

Defrosting performances of a multi-split air source heat pump with phase change thermal storage

Recently, multi-split air source heat pumps (ASHPs) have been used increasingly for space heating in cold winter. When it operates in frosting environment, periodic defrosting is necessary to maintain a high system performance. However, researches on its defrosting were few due to its high capital and complicated controls. To solve its fundamental problem of insufficient heat available during defrosting, a novel reverse-cycle defrosting (NRCD) method based on the phase change thermal storage has been developed. In this paper, comparative experiments using both standard reverse-cycle defrosting (SRCD) method and NRCD method were carried out on a multi-split ASHP unit with a phase change material heat exchanger (PCM-HE) acting as energy accumulator during heating operation and heat source during defrosting operation. Experimental results suggested that when using the NRCD method, the system performances, such as suction pressure and temperature, defrosting and heat-resumption durations, COP during defrosting operation can be effectively improved.     

空气源热泵结霜机理及除霜/抑霜技术研究进展

结霜导致蒸发器的热阻增加,传热系数降低,系统COP减小,制约了空气源热泵的推广应用。本文在表面结霜机理研究现状的基础上,总结了影响结霜的各种因素相应除霜/抑霜技术,综述了逆循环、热气旁通和电加热三种常用除霜方法的研究进展,概括了改变空气参数、表面温度和换热器结构的抑霜效果,以及表面改性抑霜技术的研究现状。指出霜导热系数模型的局限性及除霜/抑霜技术存在的问题,提出今后应结合多种措施着重探索对水蒸气凝结、冷凝水冻结、霜层回融和塌陷等阶段均有较强抑制作用的抑霜技术。     

启停过程对空气源热泵-冷柜一体机性能影响的实验研究

空气源热泵-冷柜一体机中热泵的启停过程不仅会影响系统供热性能,还会影响冷柜性能.本文实验研究了在单独运行及联合运行工况下考虑空气源热泵的启停过程的空气源热泵-冷柜一体机的性能,分析了空气源热泵的启停次数对热泵系统和冷柜系统性能的影响.实验结果表明:相比热泵单独运行工况,空气源热泵-冷柜一体机中热泵制热量的衰减开始时间延...