低温复合相变材料正辛酸-癸酸的制备及性能分析

将正辛酸(OA)与癸酸(CA)按比例混合制备二元复合相变材料OA-CA,用于相变温度2～8℃的医药冷藏运输系统中。首先通过理论计算预测了二元混合物的共晶点,确定它的共晶点比例、相变温度及潜热值,然后围绕共晶点比例配制6种不同比例的混合物。结果表明:OA-CA的过冷度为0.4℃、共晶点质量比为71∶29、相变温度为1.7℃、相变潜热为122.1J/g、热导率为0.3231W/(m·K)。对OA-CA低温复合相变材料进行100次循环蓄放冷实验,发现其相变温度、潜热值、热导率均未发生明显变化。     

医药冷链物流用相变材料的研制

为研制相变温度在2~8℃的用于医药冷链物流系统的二元有机复合相变蓄冷材料,通过步冷曲线试验和DSC试验,对比十二醇(LA)-辛酸(CA)、十二醇(LA)-癸酸(DA)和十二醇(LA)-壬酸(NA)这3种不同质量配比的二元有机溶液的特性,发现十二醇-辛酸二元有机溶液质量比分数为40:60时,相变温度为2.08℃,相变潜热为224.5 J/g。经热常数分析仪测试,此二元有机溶液导热系数为0.3 W/(m·K)。试验结果表明,该复合相变蓄冷材料具有合适的相变温度和较高的相变潜热,因此在医药冷链物流系统中具有广泛的应用价值。     

空调用二元有机相变蓄冷材料的理论预测与研究

有机相变材料在空调蓄冷中的应用是今后一个重要的发展方向,选取壬酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、正癸醇、月桂醇和肉豆蔻醇7种有机物质作为研究对象,两两组合,根据热力学第二定律和相平衡理论,预测出不同比例二元混合材料中的相变温度和相变潜热。通过DSC测试各组样品的热物性,制备筛选出适用于空调场合使用的二元有机相变蓄冷材料。结果表明:辛酸/月桂醇、癸酸/月桂醇和辛酸/肉豆蔻醇3组二元混合材料的相变温度范围为5~9℃,相变潜热范围为145~172kJ/kg,符合空调蓄冷要求;上述混合体系中辛酸/肉豆蔻醇(质量比73.7∶26.3)样品的性能最好,其相变温度为6.9℃,相变潜热为169.1kJ/kg。     

正辛酸-癸酸/膨胀石墨低温复合相变材料的制备及热物性研究

针对有机相变材料热导率低的问题,以质量比71∶29的正辛酸(OA)-癸酸(CA)为基液,通过添加膨胀石墨(EG)制备用于医药冷藏运输系统的复合相变材料。利用EG表面多孔结构的吸附性原理,制备出EG最佳质量分数为8%的OA-CA/EG低温复合相变材料。通过差示扫描量热仪测得OA-CA/EG的相变温度为0.9℃,相变潜热为112.7J/g。利用热常数分析仪测得OA-CA的热导率为0.3231W/(m·K),OA-CA/EG的热导率为1.649W/(m·K),加入EG使得OA-CA的热导率提高了4.1倍。对OA-CA/EG进行100次蓄放冷循环实验,结果表明循环前后其相变温度、潜热值以及热导率均未发生明显变化。稳定的蓄放热性能使得OA-CA/EG在医药冷藏运输系统具有广阔的应用前景。     

癸酸/辛酸-纳米复合相变材料的热物性实验研究

针对脂肪酸有机物癸酸/辛酸(质量比30∶70)复合相变材料存在导热系数低的缺点,本文分别按不同比例添加10~30nm的纳米铜粉、纳米氧化铝和纳米氧化铁制备出癸酸/辛酸纳米复合相变材料。结果表明:添加了质量分数为0.1%~0.4%的纳米材料后,复合相变材料具有良好的热稳定性,未出现沉淀现象;导热系数与原基液相比有大幅度提高,依次提高5.1%~6.5%、4.0%~12.4%、6.7%~17.5%,相变温度点波动范围小(±0.39℃),相变潜热变化不大,提高幅度为2.2%~5.5%,因此选择加入适当适量的纳米材料可改善原相变材料的热物性。     

癸酸-棕榈酸-硬脂酸/膨胀石墨蓄能复合相变材料的制备与热性能研究

癸酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸形成的三元低共熔物与膨胀石墨通过真空浸渍法制备出新型癸酸-棕榈酸-硬脂酸/膨胀石墨储能复合相变材料,适宜的质量比为m(癸酸)∶m(棕榈酸)∶m(硬脂酸)=77.0∶11.5∶11.5,m(癸酸-棕榈酸-硬脂酸)∶m(膨胀石墨)=13∶1。采用DSC、FT-IR、TG、SEM、冷热循环实验和蓄/放热实验研究了材料的结构和热性能。SEM和FT-IR分析结果表明低共熔物与膨胀石墨是通过物理吸附方式结合。DSC结果表明复合材料融化和凝固时的相变温度为28.93℃和16.32℃,相变潜热为137.38J/g和141.51J/g。TG结果表明复合相变材料在100℃以下具有良好的热稳定性。500次热循环和蓄/放热实验表明循环前后复合相变材料的热可靠性好,且使用寿命长。膨胀石墨的添加改善了复合材料的热性能和热导率。研究表明制备的新型复合相变材料具有合适的相变温度、较高的相变潜热和热导率,热性能稳定可靠,可用于低温蓄能领域。     

冷链物流中二元有机相变储能材料的制备与热物性能

有机相变储能材料相变潜热高、化学性质稳定、无过冷度和相分离现象。通过对正癸酸、月桂酸甲酯、正癸醇、月桂酸及十四烷进行热力学分析并进行两两复配,得到正癸酸-月桂酸甲酯(摩尔比为30∶70)、正癸酸-正癸醇(摩尔比为36∶64)及月桂酸-十四烷(摩尔比为21∶79)三种二元有机复配物,其相变温度均在0～5℃且相变焓较高。利用聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)凝胶对二元有机复配物分别吸附,得到一类适用于果品保质包装与物流技术的相变储能材料;并在凝胶制备过程中加入聚乙二醇1000 (PEG1000)致孔剂,可有效提高凝胶在二元有机复配物的溶胀度。结果表明,PNIPAM-40%PEG1000/正癸酸-月桂酸甲酯相变储能材料的相变温度为3.2℃,相变潜热为188.10 J/g;PNIPAM-40%PEG1000/正癸酸-正癸醇相变储能材料的相变温度为1.2℃,相变潜热为177.74 J/g;PNIPAM-40%PEG1000/月桂酸-十四烷相变储能材料的相变温度为4.2℃,相变潜热为206.17 J/g。     

月桂酸-癸酸/十四醇-十二烷复合相变储能材料的制备与性能研究

本文研制了一种用于相变温度为5~15℃的储能系统的相变储能材料,该材料由月桂酸(LA)、癸酸(DA)、十四醇(TA)与十二烷(DD)按比例混合经超声波振荡后制得,质量配比为27.1∶28.5∶29.6∶14.8。相变储能材料的性质通过步冷曲线法、差示扫描量热法(DSC)以及热稳定循环测试法等方法来研究。实验结果表明,本相变储能材料的过冷度接近0℃,可忽略不计;在流速为10 m L/min的液氮氛围以及5℃/min的温度变化速率下,相变温度为5.13℃,相变潜热为154 J/g;本材料循环600次后偏离了共融状态,但无分层,具有较好的循环稳定性;通过一系列性能测试,得到了本材料的基本物理性质及热性能。由此可得,本相变复合材料具有较高的潜热、合适的相变温度、较好的热稳定性以及较低的成本,在储能系统尤其是空调系统中表现出了极大的潜力。     

四丁基溴化铵相变蓄冷材料热物性实验研究

通过实验对四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)溶液的蓄冷结晶过程进行了测试,结果表明TBAB溶液的凝固温度随其浓度的改变而改变,在25%~45%的浓度范围内,其凝固温度位于5.8~9.3℃范围内.选取相变温度适宜、相变过程稳定、浓度为40%的TBAB溶液,向其添加硼砂成核剂,测试其相变温度和相变潜热,测试结果表明质量浓度为2%的硼砂在不影响TBAB溶液凝固温度的情况下可以降低其结晶过冷度2.4℃.采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)测试TBAB溶液的熔解潜热为187.030kJ/kg.因此TBAB溶液是一种高效的空调蓄冷材料.     

正癸酸/十八醇二元相变材料的热性能研究

有机固液相变材料在相态变化时能够释放或吸收大量的潜热,将其应用在建筑中能减少室内温度波动,提升室内热舒适性,降低建筑能耗。采用熔融共混法制备正癸酸(CA)/十八醇(OD)二元复合相变材料,通过理论预测法与步冷曲线法确定二元低共熔混合物最佳质量配比为m_CA∶m_OD=85∶15。通过差示扫描量热法、蓄放热实验、热重分析、傅里叶红外光谱仪对CA/OD的热性能、循环热稳定性、耐热性及结构特征进行了分析。CA/OD低共熔混合物的熔化和凝固温度分别为27.95和25.42℃,熔化和凝固潜热分别为154.2 J/g和157.0 J/g,在300次蓄放热循环过程中热性能变化小,热循环稳定性较好,蓄热控温性能良好。热重分析表明CA/OD二元低共熔混合物在125.7℃以下没有热失重现象,耐热性能好。傅里叶变换红外光谱证实CA与OD是通过物理作用相结合,二元低共熔混合物中没有新物质产生。综合结果表明,该CA/OD二元复合相变材料适合在室温附近24～30℃区间使用,基本满足人体舒适温度范围,在日常热环境下循环耐用性强,为建筑节能材料提供了新的选择。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to