淀粉类对低温乳化香肠品质的影响

以鸡肉和猪肉为主要原料,采用肥瘦肉分离斩拌法制备低温乳化香肠,研究原淀粉及其变性淀粉对低温乳化香肠保水保油性、质构和感官品质的影响。结果表明:在7种淀粉中,添加原淀粉如玉米淀粉和木薯淀粉的乳化肠保水保油性最差,而添加玉米交联酯化淀粉和木薯交联淀粉(SH50)的乳化香肠的保水保油性最好;对低温乳化香肠质构改善作用最优的为木薯交联淀粉(SH50),其次为玉米交联酯化淀粉、马铃薯醋酸酯化淀粉(P0170)、木薯醋酸酯化淀粉(T0170)、木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉、复合变性淀粉(DURAT010)。添加木薯交联淀粉(SH50)的乳化香肠感官评分最高。     

淀粉对油炸方便面品质影响的研究

本文对小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、木薯淀粉醋酸酯、马铃薯淀粉及马铃薯淀粉醋酸酯的糊化特性以及它们添加到面粉中对方便面品质的影响进行了研究。感官评定及质构分析表明：添加木薯淀粉、木薯淀粉醋酸酯、马铃薯淀粉及马铃薯淀粉醋酸酯均可提高方便面的光泽度、透明度、弹性、滑爽性和耐嚼性。淀粉醋酸酯比其原淀粉效果好，而马铃薯淀粉醋酸酯比木薯淀粉醋酸酯性能更优。     

木薯淀粉与木薯变性淀粉鱼糜加工性质的影响

本研究比较了木薯淀粉、木薯醋酸酯交联淀粉和木薯磷酸酯交联淀粉对鱼糜加工性质的影响。首先测定了2种木薯醋酸酯交联淀粉、2种木薯磷酸酯交联淀粉以及木薯淀粉的冻融稳定性、透光率、黏性、膨胀度和凝沉性等特性。然后将木薯淀粉和4种变性淀粉分别添加到鱼糜中,测定鱼糜冻融过程中的持水性、白度以及凝胶强度等品质特性。结果表明:木薯变性淀粉因引入了磷酸基、羧甲基等亲水性基团,在透光率、冻融稳定性、黏性和凝沉性等性质方面较木薯淀粉均有提高,添加木薯变性淀粉所得到的鱼糜制品白度、持水性和凝胶强度分别增加了17.7%、10.2%、77.7%。木薯变性淀粉较木薯淀粉更适合用于加工鱼糜。     

变性淀粉对非发酵面团冻融品质的影响

为了探究变性淀粉对非发酵面团冻融品质的影响,本研究比较了在添加马铃薯羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯、木薯醋酸酯淀粉、木薯羟丙基淀粉与马铃薯醋酸酯淀粉后非发酵面团冻融品质的变化。结果表明：变性淀粉未能有效控制冻融面团的失水率,但冻融面团深层结合水相对含量均有所增加,凝胶能力下降,且不受变性淀粉添加量与种类的影响。冻融面团剪切力均随着变性淀粉添加量增加呈现“下降-上升”的趋势,且均低于对照组。变性淀粉添加量较少时基本能较好地改善熟面坯的质构特性,高添加量反而不利于熟面坯的质构特性。添加木薯醋酸酯淀粉不利于面团流变性的改善,而其余3 种变性淀粉在添加量较低（＜5%）时,有利于改善面团的流变特性。因此,变性淀粉在添加量较少时对非发酵面团冻融品质有一定的改良作用。     

木薯淀粉与木薯变性淀粉鱼糜加工性质的比较

摘要：本研究比较了木薯淀粉、木薯醋酸酯交联淀粉和木薯磷酸酯交联淀粉对鱼糜加工性质的影响,并测定了二种木薯醋酸酯交联淀粉、二种木薯磷酸酯交联淀粉以及木薯淀粉和鱼糜加工相关的冻融稳定性、透光率、溶解性、膨润度和凝沉性等特性。并将木薯淀粉和四种变性淀粉分别添加到鱼糜中,测定鱼糜冻融过程中的持水性、白度以及凝胶强度等品质特性。结果表明：木薯变性淀粉因引入了磷酸基、羧甲基等亲水性基团,在透光率、冻融稳定性、溶解性和凝沉性等性质方面较木薯淀粉均有提高,添加木薯变性淀粉所得到的鱼糜制品白度、持水性和凝胶强度分别增加了17.7%、10.2%、77.7%。木薯变性淀粉较木薯淀粉更适合用于加工鱼糜。     

变性淀粉对肌原纤维蛋白凝胶特性的影响

分别将0%、4%、6%、8%、10%和12%的玉米原淀粉、玉米乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯、木薯乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯淀粉(acetylated distarch adipate,ADA)、木薯醋酸酯变性淀粉(starch acetate,SA)添加到肌原纤维蛋白溶液中,制备淀粉-蛋白复合物并测定流变特性、凝胶强度、保水性和水分子弛豫时间等指标。结果表明:添加淀粉可显著提高肌原纤维蛋白的储能模量G′,G′在42℃左右开始增加,此时肌原纤维蛋白开始变性形成凝胶,添加变性淀粉可显著延迟肌原纤维蛋白的变性温度(43~46℃)。变性淀粉添加量为8%时淀粉-蛋白复合物凝胶强度均达到最大,而原淀粉对肌原纤维蛋白的凝胶强度影响不显著(P>0.05)。添加变性淀粉的复合凝胶保水性比原淀粉保水性高约13%(P<0.05),SA-蛋白复合物与ADA-蛋白复合物保水性最高。核磁共振分析表明T2弛豫时间随变性淀粉添加量增大而减小,T22向快弛豫方向移动,说明变性淀粉的添加降低了水分子的移动性。因此,ADA-蛋白复合物对肌原纤维蛋白的流变性、凝胶强度、保水性和水分迁移影响最显著,添加10%以内变性淀粉可显著提高肌原纤维蛋白的G′和保水性,同时增大凝胶强度,降低水分迁移速率。     

醋酸酯木薯淀粉的特性及在速冻水饺中的应用

对木薯原淀粉和醋酸酯木薯淀粉的冻融稳定性、高温稳定性等性质进行比较。在面粉中添加0%、4%、6%、8%、10%的醋酸酯淀粉,对面团特性进行粉质测定;并将面团做成速冻水饺皮,对水饺皮的蒸煮损失、质构、感官等指标进行综合评价。结果表明,由于在木薯原淀粉中引入了乙酰基,醋酸酯淀粉具有较强的冻融稳定性和高温稳定性,对改善速冻水饺皮品质具有适用性。醋酸酯淀粉对速冻水饺皮蒸煮特性、质构特性等方面有明显的改良作用。最佳添加量为4%～6%。     

辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的特性分析及在鸡肉灌肠中的应用

以早籼米淀粉为原料,采用水相体系制备不同黏度的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯,并对其糊化特性、冻融稳定性及在鸡肉灌肠中的应用进行研究。结果表明:淀粉经酸解和辛烯基琥珀酸酐改性后,可以得到不同黏度的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯,具有良好的冻融稳定性。在鸡肉灌肠中应用时,加入早籼米辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的鸡肉灌肠与加入木薯变性淀粉的鸡肉灌肠相比较,其硬度、弹性和咀嚼性都有不同程度的提高(P<0.05)。扫描电子显微镜分析显示,添加木薯变性淀粉的样品,内部结构比较蓬松,而添加早籼米OSA-H6的样品,其内部组织则相对紧实细腻。该研究表明,辛烯基琥珀酸酐改性淀粉(烯基琥珀酸淀粉酸)可以改善肉制品的质构特性,在肉制品中具有潜在的应用价值。     

木聚糖酶复合木薯变性淀粉或亲水胶体对馒头蒸制品质影响研究

该文研究了两种木薯变性淀粉、五种亲水胶体对馒头蒸制品质的影响,优选出对馒头改良效果较好的单体并分别与木聚糖酶复合,以此探究复合改良剂对馒头蒸制品质的影响。单因素实验结果表明:木薯醋酸酯淀粉对馒头品质的改良效果要好于木薯羟丙基交联淀粉,最适添加量为1.2%;黄原胶和瓜尔豆胶对馒头品质改良效果较好,最适添加量分别为0.02%、0.15%时改良效果最佳。正交试验结果表明:木聚糖酶与木薯醋酸酯淀粉添加量分别为10 mg/kg、1.6%时对馒头品质的复合改良效果最好;木聚糖酶与黄原胶的添加量分别为20 mg/kg、0.03%时对馒头品质的复合改良效果最好;木聚糖酶与瓜尔豆胶的添加量分别为20 mg/kg、0.1%时对馒头品质的复合改良效果最好。     

三种原淀粉及其变性淀粉对牛肉糜凝胶品质的影响

为研究不同种类淀粉对牛肉糜凝胶品质的影响，并确定能够改善牛肉糜凝胶品质的最佳淀粉品类，该研究以牛肉糜凝胶为研究对象，探究3种原淀粉(玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉)及其变性淀粉(玉米变性淀粉、木薯变性淀粉、马铃薯变性淀粉)在6 g/100 g添加量时对牛肉糜凝胶品质的影响。结果表明，3种原淀粉均能提高牛肉糜凝胶的pH值(P<0.05),其中马铃薯淀粉组质构特性与空白对照组类似，玉米淀粉和木薯淀粉对牛肉糜凝胶品质无显著改善作用；添加3种变性淀粉都能降低牛肉糜凝胶的蒸煮损失(cooking loss, CL)、非压出水分(non-expressible water, NW)、持水性(water-holding capacity, WHC)以及冻融损失，并能使牛肉糜凝胶获得更好的组织结构和感官品质；同时，玉米变性淀粉能最显著减少牛肉糜凝胶CL和冻融损失(P<0.05),CL和冻融损失为5.04%、3.44%;马铃薯变性淀粉对牛肉糜凝胶持水性的改善效果最好，牛肉糜凝胶水分含量为76.62%、NW为92.61%、WHC为92%、乳化稳定性为7.25%,且感官品质也较好。由此可知，变性...     

Characteristics and application of octenyl succinic anhydride modified waxy corn starch in sausage

Native and acid‐hydrolyzed wx corn starches were modified by octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) in aqueous slurry systems. The characteristics of the modified wx corn starches and their effects on chicken meat sausages were evaluated by means of FT‐IR, rapid visco analyser, SEM, and texture profile analysis. FT‐IR spectroscopy indicated that the ester carbonyl groups in the OSA modified native and acid‐hydrolyzed starches were characterized at 1725 cm⁻¹. The process of OSA modification could achieve starch derivatives, which had higher viscosities, better paste clarity and freeze–thaw stability than the native counterparts. Texture results showed that the hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of the sausage increased as OSA‐H0 was added (p < 0.05). SEM revealed that the sausages with native wx corn starch had larger and uneven pores, while it was comparatively compact for the sausages with OSA starches. The OSA modified wx corn starch offered a great potential to be used in meat products to enhance textural quality.     

Effect of enzyme‐modified carboxymethyl starch as a fat replacer on the functional properties of sausages

Enzyme‐modified carboxymethyl starch (ECMS), carboxymethyl starch (CMS), and enzyme‐modified starch (ES) were prepared and used as fat replacers in low‐fat sausages. The effects of fat level (5, 10, and 20%) and three modified starches (ECMS, CMS, and ES) on energy, color, texture, and sensory characteristics of sausages were investigated. The addition of three modified starches in reduced‐fat sausages reduced total energy and redness, and increased the lightness of the products. Except adhesiveness, ECMS had no effect on any of the textural parameters of sausages, but CMS or ES lowered any of the textural parameters at their respective target fat levels. The 10% fat sausage with added ECMS was similar to the 20% fat sausage control for overall acceptability. The results indicated that the new multiplex modified starch‐ECMS could be used as a suitable fat replacer since it offset some of the changes caused by fat reduction.     

亚麻籽胶添加量对肉粉肠品质特性的影响

研究亚麻籽胶添加量(0％、0.05％、0.10％、0.15％和0.20％)对肉粉肠淀粉糊化度及品质特性的影响.?结果表明:肉粉肠的淀粉糊化度、水分含量、红度值和弹性等随亚麻籽胶添加量的增加均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,且在亚麻籽胶添加量为0.10％时均达到最大值(P<0.05);此外,当亚麻籽胶添加量为0.10％时,肉粉肠...     

三种马铃薯复合变性淀粉对马铃薯面条的物性及品质的影响

将马铃薯全粉与面粉按不同比例配成混合粉以制作面条,并用马铃薯复合变性淀粉提升面条的品质;通过对不同比例混合粉糊化特性,面条断条率、烹调损耗、物性、烹调特性和感官评定的研究,得出制作面条的最优马铃薯全粉:面粉质量比和预糊化交联淀粉、氧化交联淀粉、酯化交联淀粉的添加量。结果表明,最优的质量比为20:80 (w/w);添加马铃薯复合变性淀粉对马铃薯面条的弹性、黏着性等都有显著影响(p<0.05);在烹调实验中,随着预糊化交联淀粉、氧化交联淀粉、酯化交联淀粉的增加,吸水率升高,当三者的添加量分别为5%、4%、5%时,浊度最低;感官评定实验中,当添加5%预糊化交联淀粉、4%氧化交联淀粉、6%酯化交联淀粉时,马铃薯面条的各指标评分之和最高,且分别为:31.2、33.1、34.6。从质构,烹调特性,感官特性等方面综合对比三种马铃薯复合变性淀粉对马铃薯面条的影响,得出6%酯化交联淀粉最适宜。     

玉米淀粉添加对低脂乳化香肠持水力的影响

乳化香肠的低脂化是当前的发展趋势,本论文拟研究不同添加量玉米淀粉(2％、4％、6％)替代脂肪对低脂乳化香肠品质特性的影响.研究结果表明:随着玉米淀粉添加量的增加,乳化肉糜的乳化稳定性和蒸煮损失率均得到改善;乳化香肠的压力持水力和感官品质均呈现增加的趋势,蒸煮损失率则呈现降低的趋势;同时还发现玉米淀粉的添加对乳化香肠的色...     

复配膳食纤维对低盐香肠食用品质的影响

以猪肉香肠为研究对象,研究低盐条件下（竹盐添加量1.75%）复配膳食纤维（低聚果糖、菊粉、燕麦粉质量比1∶2∶1）完全替代淀粉对低盐香肠食用品质的影响。以感官评价、质构特性、蒸煮损失和色泽等食用品质为评价指标,确定低盐条件下复配膳食纤维的最佳添加量,并与1.75%精制盐淀粉香肠、复配膳食纤维香肠比较食用品质差异。结果表明：添加8%复配膳食纤维的竹盐香肠总体可接受性最高,香肠组织致密、切面整齐、呈肉红色、香味浓郁、鲜美多汁、质地柔软且富有弹性;复配膳食纤维添加量为5%、11%、14%时,香肠总体可接受性相对较差,风味稍差;复配膳食纤维的添加量由5%增加至14%,蒸煮损失由11.28%减小至8.38%;用复配膳食纤维替代淀粉,香肠质地变软,风味、口感评分增加,蒸煮损失由5.71%增加至9.07%。综上可知,复配膳食纤维添加量影响香肠食用品质,添加8%复配膳食纤维的竹盐香肠食用品质最高。     

Low-fat sodium-reduced sausages: Effect of the interaction between locust bean gum, potato starch and κ-carrageenan by a mixture design approach

A mixture design approach was used to evaluate interactions between potato starch, locust bean gum and κ-carrageenan and their effect on cooking yield, expressible moisture, texture and color in low-fat sodium-reduced sausages formulated with potassium and calcium chloride. Starch had a notable influence on cooking yield and texture, increasing product hardness and resilience as starch proportion increased. The added salt did not allow complete starch granule gelatinization and swelling, which negatively affected water retention, cohesiveness and lightness. Locust bean gum and κ-carrageenan improved cooking yield and reduced expressible moisture in formulations containing higher proportions of potato starch. The presence of other ions could have enhanced κ-carrageenan functionality and its synergistic interaction with locust bean gum, improving texture and water retention, with only minor effects on sausage color. At the lower tested proportions starch can be used as an extender in low-fat cooked meat products if κ-carrageenan and locust bean gum are included in similar proportions.     

Effect of Different Starches on Colors and Textural Properties of Surimi-Starch Gels

The effect of starches on textural properties and colors of surimi-starch gels were investigated by measuring texture profile analysis parameters, penetration force, gel strength, and color values. Surimi-starch gels, with potato native starch, showed higher hardness, chewiness, whiteness, and gel strength compared with those with corn starch. Potato native starch AP1500 and its modified starches, including acetate esterified starch STABI-AP0170, cross-linked and esterified starch DURA-MIP0075, improved textural properties and whiteness of surimi-starch gels significantly, whereas potato oxidized starch Flu-XP0450 weakened surimi-starch gel forming ability. AP1500, STABI-AP0170, and DURA-MIP0075 were suitable to be added into surimi-based product to improve product quality.     

Fat reduction in emulsion sausage using an enzyme‐modified potato starch

BACKGROUND: A heat‐stable amylase‐modified potato starch (MPS) was prepared and used as a fat replacer in reduced‐fat emulsion sausages. The effects of fat level (50, 150 and 300 g kg^?1) and MPS addition (20 and 40 g kg^?1) on energy, colour, sensory, and textural properties of emulsion sausages were investigated. RESULTS: The addition of 20 or 40 g kg^?1 of MPS in reduced‐fat sausage (50–150 g kg^?1 fat) reduced total energy (15.1–49.4%), increased lightness, but lowered redness of the products (P < 0.05). The 150 g kg^?1 or 50 g kg^?1 fat sausages containing 20 g kg^?1 MPS had a similar hardness to the 300 g kg^?1 fat control (P > 0.05). Sensory evaluation indicated that the presence of MPS in reduced‐fat sausages increased (P < 0.05) the product's tenderness. CONCLUSION: Overall, the 150 g kg^?1 fat emulsion sausages with 20 g kg^?1 MPS were comparable to the 300 g kg^?1 fat control sausage in colour, texture profile, and sensory properties, but was lower in energy, suggesting that the MPS can be used as a potential fat replacer in sausage products. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry