花生乳稳定性研究

研究几种乳化剂和增稠剂对花生牛奶稳定性的影响,结果表明蔗糖脂肪酸酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶、结冷胶在适宜的添加量时,对花生乳稳定性都有良好的促进作用。单因素分析优选结果为:蔗糖脂肪酸酯与单硬脂酸甘油酯复配比例为2:3,总添加量为0.06%,黄原胶0.04%,瓜尔豆胶0.02%,结冷胶0.004%。     

澳洲坚果乳的制备及稳定性研究

以澳洲坚果果粕为原料,用单硬脂酸甘油酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯为乳化剂,羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸钠、卡拉胶、黄原胶、复配瓜尔胶为增稠剂,采用高压均质法制备澳洲坚果乳。以产品稳定系数和感官评分为指标,采用单因素和正交试验,研究澳洲坚果果粕与水质量比、乳液pH值对澳洲坚果乳品质和稳定性的影响;乳化剂添加量和复配比例对澳洲坚果乳乳化效果的影响;不同增稠剂与均质条件对澳洲坚果乳稳定性的影响。得到最优工艺：澳洲坚果果粕与水最佳质量比为1∶15,乳液pH值为6.5～7.0;乳化剂为0.3% ,最佳复配比例为4∶6;增稠剂添加量为海藻酸钠0.01% 、羧甲基纤维素钠0.03% 、复配瓜尔胶0.03% ;最优均质工艺参数：温度65℃,压力30 MPa,均质两次。制备的澳洲坚果乳色泽乳白、香气浓郁、组织状态均匀。     

酸奶冰淇淋乳化稳定剂的开发研究

通过单因素实验和正交实验,以感官评价和冰淇淋的浆料黏度、膨胀率、融化率为指标,对羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)、瓜尔胶、黄原胶、刺槐豆胶组成的复配稳定剂和单硬脂酸甘油酯、山梨醇单硬脂酸酯(司盘60)组成的复配乳化剂进行优化,确定了应用酸奶粉的酸奶冰淇淋的复配乳化稳定剂。结果表明,该冰淇淋的复合乳化稳定剂优化配方为:CMC-Na 0.35%,瓜尔胶0.030%,黄原胶0.040%,刺槐豆胶0.040%,单硬脂酸甘油酯0.03%,司盘60 0.03%,产品的膨胀率为96.0%,融化率为4.8%(均为质量分数,下同),感官评分为98分。     

红枣豆奶饮料的研制

本文以大豆与和红枣为原料研制复合蛋白饮料,探讨了大豆灭酶处理工艺、复配乳化增稠剂以及杀菌工艺对产品稳定性的影响.通过感观评价,稳定系数计算,正交试验,得出原料最佳配比.结果表明:大豆最佳灭酶制条件为100℃热水,浸泡5min;采用蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.10％,单硬脂酸甘油酯0.05％,黄原胶0.03％,瓜尔胶0.015％,卡拉胶0.015％复配组合的乳化增稠剂得到的样品品质最好;最佳杀菌工艺为122℃、22 min.     

复合增稠剂在奶啤饮料中的应用研究

通过单因素试验、多因素正交试验研究复合增稠剂、乳化剂、增重剂等添加剂对凝固型酸奶及奶啤饮料稳定性的影响,确定出最优的复配增稠剂配方:CMC0.05%、黄原胶0.10%、蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.15%,以此复配增稠剂制作的奶啤饮料稳定性最佳。     

黑米黑芝麻复合谷物乳稳定剂配方优化

以黑米和黑芝麻为主要原料研制复合谷物乳饮料,探讨了蔗糖脂肪酸酯、蒸馏单硬脂酸甘油酯、CMC、琼脂、海藻酸钠,黄原胶及卡拉胶对谷物乳稳定性的影响.通过响应面实验优化筛选出最佳的乳化剂和增稠剂的组合和用量.结果表明:采用0.11％蔗糖脂肪酸酯,0.12％蒸馏单硬脂酸甘油酯和0.13％ CMC复合而成的稳定剂可有效提高黑米黑芝麻复合谷物乳的稳定性,且所得黑米黑芝麻复合谷物乳色泽纯正、口感细腻.     

响应面法优化红枣豆奶复合稳定剂配方

以浓缩枣汁、大豆为原料研制复合蛋白饮料,探讨了复配乳化增稠剂对红枣豆奶稳定性的影响。在单因素的实验基础上,应用正交实验确定复合增稠剂的最佳配比和添加量范围,通过Box-Benhnken响应面法考察了复合增稠剂、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、蒸馏单硬脂酸甘油酯及其交互作用对红枣豆奶稳定性的影响,利用软件Design Expert 8.0.6.1对实验数据进行回归分析,得到二次多项式回归方程预测模型。结果表明,采用复合增稠剂0.6%(黄原胶∶瓜尔豆胶∶羧甲基纤维素钠之比为4∶2∶3)、蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.10%、蒸馏单硬脂酸甘油酯0.04%组合成的稳定剂能有效提高红枣豆奶的稳定性,产品口感细腻,品质最佳。     

亲水胶体对糯玉米汁稳定性影响

为进一步提高糯玉米汁稳定性,比较研究不同亲水胶体(黄原胶、海藻酸钠、瓜尔豆胶和刺槐豆胶)对糯玉米汁体系稳定系数、离心沉淀率、相对黏度和感官的影响,并探讨糯玉米汁体系的静电稳定性。结果表明：黄原胶具有一定的乳化效果,可以在一定程度上缓解糯玉米汁脂肪圈的形成;海藻酸钠、瓜尔豆胶和刺槐豆胶对糯玉米汁的稳定效果较好,并且随着添加量的增加,体系稳定系数和相对黏度逐渐提高;而黄原胶与海藻酸钠、瓜尔豆胶、刺槐豆胶分别以不同质量比复配时,在黄原胶、刺槐豆胶质量比1:4时,糯玉米汁体系稳定性最佳。     

新型板栗饮料稳定性研究

为了解决新型板栗饮料在加工过程中易出现沉淀的问题,寻找最适合板栗饮料稳定所需要的稳定剂和乳化剂。研究了黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素钠(carboxymethylcellulose sodium,CMC)、单硬脂肪酸甘油酯、脂肪酸蔗糖酯、海藻酸丙二醇酯(propylene glycol alginate,PGA)等稳定剂和乳化剂对新型板栗饮料稳定性的影响。在单因素实验的基础上以黄原胶、CMC、PGA和单硬脂肪酸甘油酯为影响因素进行正交实验,得出最佳复合稳定剂质量浓度为:黄原胶1 g/L,CMC 4 g/L,PGA 2 g/L,单硬脂肪酸甘油酯1 g/L,新型板栗饮料稳定性达到71. 107%,根据极差分析得出影响板栗饮料稳定性的因子主次顺序依次为黄原胶> PGA> CMC>单硬脂肪酸甘油酯。该研究为解决板栗饮料加工过程中的稳定性问题提供理论依据。     

乳化剂和增稠剂对核桃乳饮料稳定性的影响

研究了乳化剂和增稠剂对核桃乳稳定性的影响。增稠剂采用黄原胶、果胶、海藻酸钠和CMC-Na;乳化剂采用单甘酯和蔗糖酯,研究其单一使用及复合使用对核桃乳稳定性的影响。结果表明:单一增稠剂对核桃乳的稳定效果依次是:黄原胶>果胶>海藻酸钠>CMC-Na。乳化增稠复合剂配方为海藻酸钠0.3%、黄原胶0.15%、果胶0.15%。单甘酯和蔗糖酯(其比例为7:3)0.1%;使用该乳化增稠剂生产的核桃乳,黏度适当、具有较高的稳定性,感官评价好。     

黑豆乳复合乳化增稠剂的研究

以黑豆乳为基础研究对象,以稳定系数为指标,经过单一试验和复配试验确定了最佳复合乳化剂的使用量;采用单因素试验选择增稠剂的种类后,正交设计试验确定了最佳复合增稠剂的使用量。研究结果表明,复合乳化剂使用量为单甘酯0.12%、蔗糖酯HLB-13 0.08%,此条件下稳定系数为95.6%;复合增稠剂的使用量为CMC-Na 0.20%、黄原胶0.10%、明胶0.10%,此条件下稳定系数为98.3%。     

Effects of nonprotein substances on protein hydrolysis and plastein formation

Effects of various naturally occurring nonprotein substances (carbohydrates, polysaccharides, fats and salts) on enzymatic hydrolysis of soy protein isolate and plastein formation from hydrolyzed soy protein were investigated. Relative extent of hydrolysis and plastein formation were measured as protein solubility in 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) since this method was found suitable for analysis of turbid, viscous and/or low protein samples. The presence of guar, xanthan, locust bean and arabic gums, arabinogalactan, unsaturated fatty acids (2%), salt mixture and xylan were found to enhance soy protein peptic hydrolysis at 0·5% enzyme/substrate; unsaturated fatty acids (1%) inhibited hydrolysis. At enzyme/substrate of 3·5%, hydrolysis was enhanced by xanthan gum, unsaturated fatty acids and sodium chloride but inhibited by gum karaya, salt mixture, starch, cellulose, and saturated fatty acids. Plastein synthesis was inhibited by xanthan, locust bean and guar gums but stimulated by arabinogalactan. Several nonprotein substances were found to interfere with the TCA solubility assay. Positive interference was noted for systems containing saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and magnesium, but negative interference was observed for systems containing guar gum, xanthan gum, calcium chloride and gum arabic.     

Functionality of medium molecular weight xanthan gum produced by Xanthomonas Campestris ATCC 1395 in batch culture

Xanthan gum of medium molecular weight was produced by Xanthomonas Campestris ATCC 1395 in a laboratory fermenter without pH control by applying a stirrer speed of 600 rpm and its stabilization properties in salad dressing emulsions were evaluated. The gum performed satisfactorily as an emulsion stabilizer and thickener although it had to be used in higher concentrations in order to be as effective as the commercially available xanthan gum. Furthermore, resilient gel structures resulted when the gum was used in an admixture with locust bean gum. The gel texture profile was different compared to that of the commercial sample/locust bean gum mixture, suggesting that the gum could present an alternative for the preparation of gels of acceptable textural properties.     

无矾马铃薯粉丝改良剂的研究

以马铃薯淀粉为原料制作粉丝,采用正交试验回归分析研究黄原胶、魔芋粉、刺槐胶、蔗糖酯和复合磷酸盐对马铃薯粉丝质构特性的影响。结果表明:马铃薯无矾粉丝改良剂最佳配方为黄原胶0.125%、魔芋粉0.250%、刺槐胶0.300%、蔗糖酯0.025%、复合磷酸盐0.050%。在该条件下,粉丝质构品质最佳。     

小分子乳化剂对鸡油脂微胶囊化的影响

研究了非离子型小分子乳化剂卵磷脂、单甘酯和蔗糖酯对以大豆蛋白为主要壁材包埋鸡油脂效果的影响。结果表明3种乳化剂均能降低大豆分离蛋白溶液的表面张力，但是卵磷脂、单甘酯对大豆分离蛋白乳状液的稳定性影响不大，而蔗糖酯可以提高大豆分离蛋白乳状液的稳定性，但是三者的存在均使产品的表面油含量增大，微胶囊效率降低。扫描电子显微镜照片显示使用单甘酯和蔗糖酯的微胶囊产品颗粒表面出现孔隙。而使用卵磷脂的微胶囊产品无此现象。结果说明乳状液油水界面膜的强度是影响微胶囊产品包埋效率的重要因素。     

刺槐豆胶与黄原胶复配体系的流变性

研究刺槐豆胶/黄原胶复配体系的流变性,并采用流变学的Cross模型进行拟合分析。结果表明:刺槐豆胶与黄原胶复配可以产生协同作用,当刺槐豆胶与黄原胶的复配体积比为4∶6时,复配体系的黏度最大,触变测试中形成的滞后环面积最大,并且在黏弹性测试中储能模量G’表现出最大值。因此,刺槐豆胶与黄原胶的最佳复配比例为体积比4∶6。对最佳比例复配体系进行不同温度处理后测试可知,最佳复配体系的最适处理温度为80℃,得到的复配体系黏度最大;复配体系的p H值在6.0~10.0之间时,其黏度变化较小,保持相对稳定。     

Study of emulsions stabilized with Phaseolus vulgaris or Phaseolus coccineus with the addition of Arabic gum, locust bean gum and xanthan gum

The properties of o/w emulsions stabilized with 1%w/v common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), V or scarlet runner bean (P. coccineus L.), Coc extracted by isoelectric precipitation or ultrafiltration, at pH 7.0 and 5.5, with the addition of Arabic gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum and a mixture of xanthan gum–locust bean gum (0.1 %w/v and 0.25 %w/v) are studied. The stability of emulsions was evaluated on the basis of oil droplet size, creaming, viscosity and protein adsorption measurements. The addition of Arabic gum, caused an increase in D[4,3] values and a decrease in the amount of protein adsorbed at the interface. The addition of locust bean gum in some emulsions reduced the amount of protein adsorbed. The addition of xanthan and to a less extend of the polysaccharide mixture, promoted a decrease in D[4,3]. So, emulsion stability was affected by the polysaccharide nature. Differences were also observed with respect to the protein nature, the method of its preparation and emulsion's pH. All polysaccharides enhanced the emulsions viscosity with xanthan and xanthan–locust bean gum exhibiting the higher values. V isolates and isoelectricaly precipitated isolates of both V, Coc showed higher viscosity values. The stability was enhanced by the increase of the viscosity of the continuous phase and the creation of a network, which prevents the oil droplets from coalescence.