不同种类蔬菜与肉菜配比对猪肉蔬菜香肠的影响

以猪肉为主要原料,研究不同种类蔬菜以及猪肉与蔬菜的配比、混合方式、肥瘦比例以及卡拉胶添加量对猪肉蔬菜香肠品质风味的影响.试验结果表明选择芹菜与猪肉混合、添加量5%,肥瘦比为19,卡拉胶添加量0.05%的猪肉蔬菜香肠最佳.蔬菜、肥瘦比两因素对猪肉蔬菜香肠的影响显著(P＜0.05).卡拉胶添加量对猪肉蔬菜香肠的影响不显著(P＞0.05).     

蚬鲢鱼肉香肠加工新工艺研究

以白鲢鱼肉为主要原料,按一定比例添加蚬子肉、猪肉和绿茶等,应用双螺杆挤压技术研制了蚬子-白鲢鱼肉香肠。通过采用单因素和正交实验,以产品质量感官评定和质构特性(TPA)为评价指标,研究猪肉肥瘦比、绿茶添加量和蚬子添加量对香肠品质的影响。结果表明:蚬子添加量对香肠的品质影响最大,猪肉肥瘦比与绿茶添加量次之,最终获得的产品最优配比为猪肉肥瘦比为4∶6,绿茶的添加量为1%,蚬子的添加量为10%,以此最佳配方加工的蚬-鲢鱼肉香肠口感细腻、风味独特,各项理化指标均符合国家标准。     

蚬鲢鱼肉香肠加工新工艺研究

以白鲢鱼肉为主要原料,按一定比例添加蚬子肉、猪肉和绿茶等,应用双螺杆挤压技术研制了蚬子-白鲢鱼肉香肠。通过采用单因素和正交实验,以产品质量感官评定和质构特性（TPA）为评价指标,研究猪肉肥瘦比、绿茶添加量和蚬子添加量对香肠品质的影响。结果表明:蚬子添加量对香肠的品质影响最大,猪肉肥瘦比与绿茶添加量次之,最终获得的产品最优配比为猪肉肥瘦比为4∶6,绿茶的添加量为1%,蚬子的添加量为10%,以此最佳配方加工的蚬-鲢鱼肉香肠口感细腻、风味独特,各项理化指标均符合国家标准。      

小米香肠的研制

实验主要研究小米在猪肉香肠中的应用及其对香肠品质的影响。实验以猪肉为主要原料,添加小米、玉米淀粉等辅料,通过单因素实验和正交实验确定小米香肠的最佳工艺配方:小米添加量为原料肉的6%,淀粉添加量为原料肉的8%,猪肉肥瘦比例为1:4,所得产品感官评价、质构测定结果均较好。     

胡萝卜营养香肠的研制

以猪肉为主要原料,选用常见的蔬菜胡萝卜经打浆后添加到肉馅中。研究蔬菜的添加量、肥瘦肉质量比例以及卡拉胶添加量对蔬菜香肠品质风味的影响,采用正交试验、感官评定与理化检测确定了主要原料的最佳配方:胡萝卜添加量为10%,肥瘦肉质量比为2.5∶7.5,卡拉胶添加量为0.3%。     

发酵牦牛骨泥香肠工艺条件的优化

以猪肉和牦牛骨泥为原材料,选用不同种类的乳酸菌进行发酵,结合p H、感官品评研究了原料肉肥瘦比、乳酸菌的种类、乳酸菌添加比例、香肠发酵时间、发酵温度对发酵牦牛骨泥香肠品质的影响。根据实验结果发现,原料肉肥瘦比为15:85、乳酸菌选择TS-H1346、乳酸菌添加量为0.1%、发酵温度为30℃、发酵时间为48 h时的发酵牦牛骨泥香肠感官品质最佳。发酵香肠蒸煮后,细菌总数为9.7×103 CFU/g,符合熏煮火腿国家卫生标准。     

几种添加物对乳化香肠品质的影响

研究了食盐、大豆分离蛋白、卡拉胶和复合磷酸盐对乳化香肠品质的影响.实验结果表明:食盐、大豆分离蛋白、卡拉胶和复合磷酸盐对乳化香肠品质均有不同程度的影响,其最佳配比为食盐1.5%,大豆分离蛋白3.0%,卡拉胶0.4%,复合磷酸盐0.03%.     

香菇鸡肝风味肠的研制

本文以猪肉为主要原料,研究猪肉与香菇、鸡肝的配比,肥瘦比例以及淀粉添加量对猪肉香肠品质风味的影响.利用单因素实验及正交试验与感观评定确定其主要原料的最佳配方:猪肉肥瘦比为1:6、香菇添加5 %、鸡肝的添加量2 %、淀粉添加量6 %.此工艺参数可研制出色泽红润、均匀,组织状态良好,香味纯正浓郁,外形完整的香菇鸡肝风味香肠.     

几种添加物对乳化香肠品质的影响

研究了食盐、大豆分离蛋白、卡拉胶和复合磷酸盐对乳化香肠品质的影响。实验结果表明:食盐、大豆分离蛋白、卡拉胶和复合磷酸盐对乳化香肠品质均有不同程度的影响,其最佳配比为食盐1.5%,大豆分离蛋白3.0%,卡拉胶0.4%,复合磷酸盐0.03%。      

风味白鲢鱼肉干香肠的关键工艺研究

以白鲢鱼为原料,研究干制鱼肉水分含量、肉料配比、发酵菌种配比、发酵剂添加量和发酵温度对发酵香肠品质的影响。结果表明:当干鱼肉水分含量在45%、香肠肉料配比为鱼糜∶干制鱼肉∶猪背膘∶蛋清=100∶30∶20∶11(m/m)时,混合发酵菌种采用戊糖片球菌10196∶植物乳杆菌6001∶干酪乳杆菌6002∶汉逊酵母=2∶3∶1∶1、菌种发酵液最佳添加量为3%,30℃下发酵33 h,制得的风味白鲢鱼肉干香肠品质最佳。     

麦麸膳食纤维对乳化型香肠品质的影响研究

本文研究了麦麸在乳化型香肠中的应用特性及不同添加比例对香肠品质的影响。经正交实验得出麦麸膳食纤维在乳化型香肠中最佳应用条件:麦麸添加量为6%,斩拌速度为高速斩拌(1000、3000、3000 r/min三阶段斩拌),肥瘦肉比为10∶90。以此条件制成的香肠口感良好,且色泽等参数优异,在感官特性和营养特性方面均有加强。      

COLLAGEN AS A LEAN OR FAT REPLACEMENT IN PORK SAUSAGE

Pork sausage was made replacing either lean or fat with wet fibrous food grade collagen at 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20% and stored up to 6 weeks at 0C to determine the effects of collagen level and storage time on the quality characteristics of the sausage. Increasing the levels of collagen significantly decreased the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values, cooked yield of 20% lean replaced sausage and the texture of 20% fat replaced sausage but increased the yield of fat replaced samples. The total aerobic bacteria and TBA values increased while the cooked yield decreased on storage. Sensory evaluation indicated that the sausages with lean replacements were indistinguishable in juiciness, texture and flavor, but the sausage with higher fat replacement (15 and 20%) had lower (p <0.05) overall acceptability.     

Morphology and Texture of Bologna Sausage as Related to Content of Fat, Starch and Egg White

The effects of fat (7.0, 14.0 and 20.0%), starch (0, 5 and 10%) and egg white (0, 1.5 and 3%) on the microstructure and texture of bologna sausages were examined. As levels of fat and starch increased, the microstructure exhibited increasing numbers of holes (P<0.05), smaller in size (P<0.05) and similar (P>0.05) in shape. No clear relationship was found between addition of egg white and these morphological variations. Low-fat sausage (7.0%) was less hard and chewy (P<0.05) than high-fat (20.0%) sausage; likewise, a direct relationship was found between starch and egg white content and hardness and chewiness of the bologna.     

胡萝卜海带香肠的研制

以胡萝卜、海带及猪肉为原料,开发出一种蔬菜香肠新产品,即胡萝卜海带香肠。通过胡萝卜海带添加比例,蔬菜总添加量,淀粉添加量和瘦肉与肥肉比4个单因素试验和正交试验,以香肠的感官特性为评价指标来确定胡萝卜海带香肠的最佳配方和最佳工艺条件。结果表明:当胡萝卜海带质量之比为2∶1,蔬菜添加量为20%,肥瘦肉质量比为2∶8,淀粉添加量为10%时,制得的香肠产品最佳。     

Characterization of the flow behaviour of sausage emulsions with a simple tube viscometer

A specially designed tube viscometer was used to measure apparent viscosity during flow of Bologna type sausage emulsions moving through a pipe. Emulsions varied in fat content (from 21.8 to 44.3%) and in moisture/protein ratio (from 3.7 to 5.6), and the effects of added sodium chloride, sodium diphosphate, starch and blood plasma were investigated in a 36% fat, 3.7 moisture/protein emulsion.
The shear stresses determined as a function of shear rate were fitted by a power law. Yield stress of the emulsions was negligible relative to the applied stress. However, inspection of the flow profiles indicated that considerable slip of the sausage emulsion occurred at the pipe wall. Both emulsion flow and slip contribute to overall flow behaviour, so a kind of effective viscosity is determined. Intrinsic rheological properties and wall slip will both be affected by the composition of the sausage emulsion.     

Physicochemical characteristics, textural properties and volatile compounds in comminuted sausages as affected by various fat levels and fat replacers

Physicochemical and textural properties, and volatile compounds of comminuted sausages with various added fat levels and fat replacers were evaluated. Sausages without added fat had higher expressible moisture and texture values, but their lightness and yellowness values were lower, as compared with sausages with 5%, 10%, or 15% fat. Increased fat levels with constant amounts of lean meat and added water increased the lightness and yellowness values, but tended the redness values tended to be similar. Low‐fat sausages (LFSs, <3%) containing non‐meat proteins, except egg white protein, had reduced texture values similar to those of regular‐fat counterparts (RFC). The addition of non‐meat proteins, except egg white protein, as components of fat replacers in LFS improved the textural characteristics, making them similar to those of RFC. LFSs containing sodium caseinate had reduced concentrations of pentadecanal and octadecanal, resulting in similar volatile compositions to those of RFC. Thus, sodium caseinate was the best non‐meat protein for the improvement of both texture and flavour of LFSs.     

Studies on emulsion-type buffalo meat sausages incorporating skeletal and offal meat with different levels of pork fat

Ready-to-eat emulsion-type buffalo meat sausages were developed by using a combination of 80% meat components with 20% pork back fat. The meat components were constituted of 70 parts buffalo skeletal meat and 30 parts offal meat (rumen meat and heart meat in equal proportions). The emulsion stability, cooking losses of emulsions and sausages, composition of cooked sausages, eating quality of sausages and the microscopic characteristics of the raw emulsion and cooked sausages were studied. The light microscope micrograph of the raw emulsion showed uniformly well distributed fat globules embedded in a dense protein gel. The cooked emulsion also showed uniformly sized fat globules well distributed in a fine, compact, coagulated protein gel, which retained their original spherical shape. Good quality emulsion-type sausages could be produced having a high emulsion stability (0·87 ± 0·07 ml fat release/100 g emulsion); a low emulsion cooking loss (9·60 ± 0·60%) and a low sausage cooking loss (8·83 ± 0·48%). The overall acceptability of sausages was also high.     

复乳凝胶作为脂肪替代物 对鸡肉肠理化性质的影响

本实验将海带水提多糖以0%、0.25%、0.5%、0.75%、1.00%、1.25%的浓度添加到复乳凝胶中,以改善其持水性和热稳定性。并将1.00%多糖复乳凝胶以0%、15%、30%、45%、60%、75%替代度替代猪背脂,分析其对鸡肉肠持水持油性、乳化稳定性、质构与感官的影响。随着海带多糖浓度的增加,复乳凝胶的持水性和热稳定性增加(P<0.05),当添加量大于1.00%时,硬度、粘聚性、咀嚼性显著降低(P<0.05)。随着复乳凝胶替代猪背脂比例增大,鸡肉肠的持油性、乳化稳定性、硬度和咀嚼性显著提高(P<0.05),L^*值、b^*值逐渐增大,a^*值逐渐降低(P<0.05),当替代度为30%时,脂肪含量为9.29%;替代度为75%时,脂肪含量仅2.68%。感官评定结果显示,当替代度达到60%时,感官评分与对照组相似。由以上结果说明,复乳凝胶可替代鸡肉肠中60%的猪背脂,且保证了产品性质和质量。