琥珀酸脱酰胺对小麦面筋蛋白酶解特性的影响

研究琥珀酸不同脱酰胺程度对小麦面筋蛋白Pancreatin酶解过程中蛋白回收率、水解度、总酸、总糖的影响,并对酶解48h酶解液的肽分子量分布、氨基酸及风味进行分析评价。结果表明:蛋白回收率、水解度、总酸在酶解过程中逐渐上升,总糖含量在酶解12h后下降,脱酰胺后酶解产物的蛋白回收率和水解度增大,而高脱酰胺程度下又略有降低;琥珀酸脱酰胺后酶解产物分子量大于10000Da的肽段减少,3000～5000Da的肽段增加;琥珀酸脱酰胺使酶解产物风味明显提高,其中琥珀酸高脱酰胺程度预处理的酶解液苦味最低,且具有较强的鲜味和咸味;氨基酸分析表明,琥珀酸高脱酰胺预处理使酶解液游离氨基酸中鲜甜味氨基酸比例增大,苦味氨基酸比例降低,同时必需氨基酸含量升高。      

琥珀酸脱酰胺对小麦面筋蛋白酶解特性的影响

研究琥珀酸不同脱酰胺程度对小麦面筋蛋白Pancreatin酶解过程中蛋白回收率、水解度、总酸、总糖的影响,并对酶解48h酶解液的肽分子量分布、氨基酸及风味进行分析评价.结果表明:蛋白回收率、水解度、总酸在酶解过程中逐渐上升,总糖含量在酶解12h后下降,脱酰胺后酶解产物的蛋白回收率和水解度增大,而高脱酰胺程度下又略有降低;琥珀酸脱酰胺后酶解产物分子量大于10000Da的肽段减少,3000～5000Da的肽段增加;琥珀酸脱酰胺使酶解产物风味明显提高,其中琥珀酸高脱酰胺程度预处理的酶解液苦味最低,且具有较强的鲜味和成味;氨基酸分析表明,琥珀酸高脱酰胺预处理使酶解液游离氨基酸中鲜甜味氨基酸比例增大,苦味氨基酸比例降低,同时必需氨基酸含量升高.     

小麦面筋蛋白脱酰胺改性研究进展

对国内外小麦面筋蛋白的研究现状、面筋蛋白改性的意义和面筋蛋白脱酰胺改性的具体方法进行了阐述,对小麦面筋蛋白脱酰胺改性的应用和发展前景作出了展望。     

小麦面筋蛋白脱酰胺改性研究进展

对国内外小麦面筋蛋白的研究现状、面筋蛋白改性的意义和面筋蛋白脱酰胺改性的具体方法进行了阐述,对小麦面筋蛋白脱酰胺改性的应用和发展前景作出了展望。      

小麦面筋蛋白分子聚集态对脱酰胺程度的影响

本研究以从稀到浓的小麦面筋蛋白溶液为对象,对其进行湿热脱酰胺处理,分析了湿热脱酰胺改性过程中当蛋白浓度从极稀到亚浓变化时,小麦面筋蛋白分子结构和聚集态变化对脱酰胺程度的影响。实验结果表明:小麦面筋蛋白脱酰胺程度、水解度和Zeta电位随着蛋白原始聚集态的增大而显著降低,且脱酰胺程度和水解度随小麦面筋蛋白原始聚集态变化呈现线性相关性。小麦面筋蛋白分子内作用力随着蛋白原始聚集态的增强而显著增大,红移程度则减小。小麦面筋蛋白分子内部非共价键包括疏水键和氢键在蛋白分子中起主导作用,二硫键作用微小。以上结果说明小麦面筋蛋白聚集形态与湿热有机弱酸脱酰胺速率具有较强的相互关系,蛋白原始的聚集形态是决定分子结构伸展程度和脱酰胺改变趋势的最重要因素。     

小麦面筋蛋白盐酸脱酰胺工艺优化及其酶解敏感性

文以小麦面筋蛋白为原料,优化了盐酸对小麦面筋蛋白的脱酰胺工艺,比较了最佳脱酰胺工艺下的小麦面筋蛋白在胰酶、风味蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶酶解过程中蛋白回收率和水解度的变化,并对其酶解36 h酶解液的自由基吸收能力(ORAC)抗氧化特性进行分析评价。研究结果表明,盐酸脱酰胺的工艺条件是:小麦面筋蛋白浓度为24%,0.30 mol/L的HCl,65℃,24 h脱酰胺;在该工艺条件下,胰酶酶解液蛋白回收率和水解度最高,酶解效果最好;高脱酰胺程度小麦面筋蛋白在胰酶酶解36h后酶解液的蛋白回收率和水解度高于低脱酰胺程度的酶解液;ORAC抗氧化特性分析表明高脱酰胺程度小麦面筋蛋白酶解液的ORAC值高于低脱酰胺程度的酶解液,其ORAC值最高为(689.67±10.22)μmol Trolox/g。     

小麦面筋蛋白酶解物对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的影响

以小麦面筋蛋白为原料,采用定向酶解工艺制备富含Gln的小麦面筋蛋白酶解物,并通过葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型,探讨酶解物对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的调节作用。结果表明:小麦面筋蛋白酶解物能缓解DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠体重降低和炎症临床症状,提高小鼠结肠组织的抗氧化能力,减轻结肠组织炎症因子分泌和炎症细胞的浸润。表明小麦面筋蛋白酶解物能有效缓解溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的肠道炎症。     

柠檬酸处理对小麦面筋蛋白酶解特性的影响

以复合蛋白酶为水解酶,试验研究了小麦面筋蛋白酶解前柠檬酸预处理对其酶解特性的影响.通过单因素试验和正交试验确定柠檬酸预处理的最佳工艺条件为:柠檬酸浓度为0.1%(m/V),温度为50℃,处理时间为30min.同时研究了柠檬酸处理后小麦面筋蛋白在酶解过程中的水解度和蛋白提取率的变化规律.     

脱酰胺作用对降解小麦面筋蛋白特性的研究

研究了在湿热条件下可食性有机酸(琥珀酸)对降解小麦面筋蛋白脱酰胺作用的特征。通过对改性小麦面筋蛋白(SDWG)的脱酰胺作用程度、氮溶指数、水解度等理化指标,以及热特性、分子量分布、蛋白质的二级结构表征湿热处理过程中SDWG分子聚集态变化特征。结果显示改性过程中小麦面筋蛋白分子的降解反应呈明显阶段性,在前10 min,当脱酰胺程度(从24.65%到64.79%),氮溶指数(从11.55%到91.31%),玻璃态转变温度(从50.70℃到61.80℃)和反应热焓[从1.73 J/(g·K)到2.35 J/(g·K)]均明显增加,但是小麦面筋蛋白水解度增加幅度仅小于1%,且SDS-PAGE和SE-HPLC检测到SDWG总体呈降解的反应趋势,然而红外光谱表示SDWG的分子柔性总体下降,特别反应第6 min,分子质量分布以及二级结构特征均呈现明显的改变。该数据表明在湿热条件下琥珀酸对小麦面筋蛋白的脱酰胺作用具有较高特异性,而小麦面筋蛋白解离特征呈现逐步降解和分阶段性。     

小麦面筋蛋白酶解过程中功能性质的变化规律研究

本文对小麦面筋蛋白在连续酶解过程中水解度(DH)、有效谷氨酰胺含量以及黏度、氮溶解指数(NSI)、起泡性、乳化性等功能性质的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,在酶底比相同的情况下,与中性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶相比,碱性蛋白酶对小麦蛋白的酶解效率最高,同一反应时间的DH最大,反应至360 min时,DH达到16.96%。随着DH的增加:有效谷氨酰胺含量小幅度降低,在水解度小于15.13%的范围内,其提取率大于86.2%;黏度减小,在DH 10.93%时出现短暂的上升;NSI、起泡能力指数、泡沫稳定指数、乳化活力指数、乳化稳定指数在DH 2.21%~15.13%范围内皆为先提高后降低,峰值分别为61.8%、225%、56.67%、10.57 m~2/g、49.08,分别出现在DH 10.39%、8.81%、8.81%、9.64%、8.81%处,均在DH 8.8%~10.5%范围内。      

Preparation and antioxidant activity of wheat gluten hydrolysates (WGHs) using ultrafiltration membranes

BACKGROUD: Many hydrolysates from animal and plant proteins have been found to possess physiological activities. Wheat gluten, an important by‐product of the wheat starch industry, is produced worldwide in enormous quantities. In this study, wheat gluten hydrolysates (WGHs) were obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis and fractionated using ultrafiltration membranes. The antioxidant activities of the hydrolysates were investigated by various antioxidant assays, including the ability to inhibit the autoxidation of linoleic acid and the scavenging effect on free radicals. Amino acid composition and molecular weight distribution were also evaluated to determine their relationship with antioxidant activity. RESULTS: The pepsin hydrolysate (PeWGH) had the highest activity and was ultrafiltrated into three major types, PeWGH I (5–10 kDa), PeWGH II (3–5 kDa) and PeWGH III (<3 kDa). PeWGH III showed stronger inhibition of the autoxidation of linoleic acid and higher scavenging activity against 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals. Furthermore, PeWGH III had the highest total hydrophobic amino acid content (45.11 g per 100 g protein), and its molecular weight distribution ranged from 1700 to 100 Da. CONCLUSION: The low molecular weight and amino acid composition of PeWGHs were found to be strongly correlated with their antioxidant activity. PeWGH could be used as a natural antioxidant in the pharmaceutical and food industries in the future. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

The effect of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on the antioxidant activity of wheat gluten pancreatin hydrolysates

The antioxidant activities of the fermented wheat gluten hydrolysates with different fermentation times were investigated to elucidate the impact of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation on the wheat gluten hydrolysates. Prior to LAB fermentation, wheat gluten was deamidated by hydrochloric acid and then hydrolysed by pancreatin to 12 and 24 h, respectively. Results showed that LAB fermentation had significant impacts on the enzymatic efficiency and antioxidant activities of wheat gluten. The degree of hydrolysis and protein recovery of hydrolysates gradually increased and then reached maximum values, respectively, when fermenting with LAB for 36 h. The hydrolysis degree and protein recovery of fermented pancreatin 24‐h hydrolysates were larger than that of the fermented pancreatin 12‐h hydrolysates during the whole fermentation. The antioxidant activity analysis revealed a marked increase and improvement in the scavenging activities of 1,1‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl·radicals, hydroxyl radicals and oxygen radical absorbance capacity, while the scavenging activities of ABTS⁺ radical decreased as the fermentation time extended. The antioxidant activities of pancreatin 24‐h hydrolysates were higher than that of the pancreatin 12‐h hydrolysates during the whole LAB fermentation.     

酸性蛋白酶降解小麦面筋蛋白的研究

以DPPH自由基清除率为指标,采用单因素和正交实验研究了酸性蛋白酶木瓜蛋白酶(精)对小麦面筋蛋白水解最适条件.结果表明,最佳酶解条件为温度70℃,pH6.0,底物量7 g,水解时间5 h;在此条件下,DPPH自由基清除率达到92.65%,效果显著.     

小麦面筋蛋白水解物对酿酒酵母增殖和发酵性能的影响

研究了小麦面筋蛋白水解物对酿酒酵母增殖和发酵性能的影响,结果表明,不同水解度的小麦面筋蛋白水解物对酿酒酵母的促增殖和发酵效果不同,其中水解度为13.96%的水解物具有最强的促酵母增殖和发酵效果,该水解物可使稳定期酵母生物量提高37.0%,表观发酵度提高8.8%,乙醇产量提高6.4%,氨基氮利用率提高13.0%,同时发酵时间缩短14.3%。      

Effect of citric acid deamidation on in vitro digestibility and antioxidant properties of wheat gluten

The effects of citric acid deamidation on the physiochemical properties of wheat gluten were investigated. In vitro digestion was carried out to determine changes of molecular weight distribution, amino acids composition and antioxidant efficacy of wheat gluten hydrolysates. Results indicated that citric acid deamidation significantly increased gluten solubility and surface hydrophobicity, at a neutral pH. Deamidation induced molecular weight distribution change of gluten with little proteolysis. Results from FTIR indicated that the α-helix and β-turn of deamidated gluten increased accompanied by a decrease of the β-sheet structure. After deamidation, in vitro pepsin digestibility of wheat gluten decreased, while in vitro pancreatin digestibility increased. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) activity of the in vitro digests decreased with increase of deamidation time. The high Lys and total essential AAs amounts in the final digests suggested that the nutritional values of wheat gluten after deamidation might be enhanced.     

Functional,nutritional and conformational changes from deamidation of wheat gluten with succinic acid and citric acid

Changes in deamidation degree, hydrolysis degree, nitrogen soluble index, the foaming and emulsification properties, the tertiary and secondary conformation and nutritional property of wheat gluten deamidated with succinic acid and citric acid were identified. Succinic acid and citric acid were found to effectively deamidate the amides in wheat gluten proteins into carboxyl groups, which resulted in a significant increase of the nitrogen soluble index of wheat gluten. Deamidation of wheat gluten by succinic acid was found to be more efficient than that with citric acid, although wheat gluten treated with succinic acid exhibited less improvement in the foaming capacity and stability and experienced inhibition in the emulsification activity compared with the gluten treated with citric acid. Wheat gluten deamidated with citric acid exhibited more flexible protein molecules, greater changes in the tertiary and secondary structures and better nutritional characteristics. These results may be useful to the food processing industry.     

Influence of ultrasound during wheat gluten hydrolysis on the antioxidant activities of the resulting hydrolysate

Wheat gluten was hydrolysed by Alcalase 2.4L under ultrasound. Different antioxidant assays in vitro, such as ferrous ion‐chelating activity, reducing power, inhibition of linoleic acid emulsion peroxidation and 2,2′‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, were employed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the wheat gluten hydrolysate (WGH) obtained. It was found that WGHL (WGH which was obtained by low frequency (LF) ultrasound) exhibited the strongest antioxidant activities, with an EC₅₀ value of 0.513 mg mL^?1 for ferrous iron‐chelating activity, as well as a high and dose‐dependent reducing power. In the linoleic acid system, a longer induction time indicated a significant decrease of lipid peroxidation. In addition, WGH also exhibited notable ABTS radical scavenging activity. A good correlation was observed between antioxidant activities and the amount of WGH, but a poor correlation was observed between antioxidant activities and degree of hydrolysis. The molecular weight distribution of WGH was affected by ultrasonic frequency and WGHL had the highest proportion of peptide fractions of molecular weight 3000–500 Da. All the results showed that the WGH treated by ultrasound had strong antioxidant activities and low molecular weight.     

水解度对麦胚清蛋白酶解物功能特性和抗氧化力影响

利用碱性蛋白酶限制性酶解麦胚清蛋白,研究不同水解度(degree of hydrolysis,DH)酶解物的溶解性、乳化性等功能特性,及对DPPH自由基和羟自由基清除等抗氧化能力。实验结果表明,水解后清蛋白酶解物的溶解性得到改善,DH越高溶解性越好。DH为8.34%时,等电点处的溶解度从未水解时的49.52%提高到74.09%。而乳化性和乳化稳定性随DH的增加而降低。当DH低于7.54%时,酶解物对DPPH自由基和对羟自由基的清除率随DH的提高而增强。浓度为100 mg/mL,DH为7.54%时的酶解物对DPPH自由基清除率达到59.68%。浓度为5 mg/mL时,DH为7.54%时的酶解物对羟自由基清除率达50.23%。