微细化淀粉颗粒形貌及显微结构分析

采用真空球磨设备,以食用级马铃薯淀粉、木薯淀粉及玉米淀粉为原料,制备不同粒度的微细化淀粉,并对淀粉粒度变化、形貌及聚集态结构等进行表征。扫描电镜形貌分析表明,淀粉颗粒在球磨处理过程中,其形貌特征发生了明显的变化,淀粉颗粒破碎首先发生在颗粒的缺陷处、裂纹处、结晶区处等应力相对集中的区域,当球磨处理时间继续增加时,会呈现一种细化与团聚并存的动态平衡;研究中还发现,淀粉在微细化处理中,并不单是淀粉表面薄层逐渐剥落的过程,大多淀粉颗粒呈现出大块层破碎、淀粉核心崩解等现象。     

锦橙皮渣膳食纤维微粉化及其功能特性分析

以锦橙果汁加工副产物锦橙皮渣为原料制备锦橙皮渣膳食纤维,通过普通粉碎和球磨法微细化处理,得到不同粒径大小的锦橙皮渣膳食纤维微粉和超微粉,测定其理化性质和重金属离子结合力,并利用激光粒度仪、红外光谱、X射线衍射、热分析、扫描电镜对不同锦橙皮渣膳食纤维粉进行粒径测定和结构观察,探究超微粉碎对锦橙皮渣膳食纤维理化性质、微观结构及重金属离子吸附能力的影响。结果表明,球磨微细化处理后膳食纤维的粒径减小;粉体的持水性、持油性、溶胀性、重金属离子结合力显著升高（P＜0.05）,色泽变浅。本实验为锦橙皮渣的综合利用以及作为一种潜在食品添加剂资源提供理论参考。     

酸解-球磨法制备小颗粒淀粉及形成机理研究

传统微细化小颗粒淀粉的制备采用原淀粉直接球磨的方法,耗时长,能耗高,产物易糊化。采用先酸解再球磨的新工艺制备了微细化小颗粒淀粉,并与玉米原淀粉、酸处理淀粉的物化性质进行了比较。结果表明,玉米原淀粉的表面积平均粒径为12.9μm,酸处理后淀粉的表面积平均粒径没有明显变化,而微细化淀粉的表面积平均粒径有显著降低;酸处理淀粉的结晶度较原淀粉有所增加,而酸水解后球磨淀粉结晶结构减弱,部分偏光十字消失,双折射强度减弱。     

微细化茭角淀粉理化性质研究

探讨了菱角淀粉粒经机械球磨粉碎后,其微细化处理对淀粉粒理化性质的影响.利用Mastersizer2000激光粒度仪对微细化淀粉的粒度中位径进行测量分析,研究了粉碎前后淀粉颗粒的粒度分布变化.结果表明,机械球磨方法能有效地使菱角淀粉微细化,微细化导致菱角淀粉与水的结合能力增强,溶解度、膨胀率提高,研究结果为菱角淀粉的综合利用提供了理论依据和基础数据.     

木薯淀粉微细化及颗粒形貌的研究

通过采用机械球磨方法对木薯淀粉颗粒进行粉磨,研究了球磨时间对淀粉颗粒粒度分布及经表面积的影响规律,并根据球磨前后的淀粉颗粒形貌分析了淀粉颗粒破碎的方式及过程,结果表明机械球磨方法能有效地使木薯淀粉颗粒微细化。     

球磨微细化研磨对发芽糙米粉物性特征的影响

本文以发芽糙米为原料,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）等手段探究了微细化研磨处理对发芽糙米粉干燥前后微粒粒径、微观形貌特征、水合性能、蛋白二级结构特征的影响。结果表明,经球磨处理后,发芽糙米粉的粒径明显降低,淀粉颗粒形貌与晶体结构遭到破坏,部分微粒外壳坍塌,喷雾干燥后颗粒变得细小且均匀,小颗粒的团聚现象减少;球磨处理2 h和喷雾干燥处理后,总的水合性能显著增强;蛋白质结构更为伸展,受剪切力影响,淀粉有序结构遭到破坏。球磨研磨发芽糙米粉粒径微细且分布均匀,颜色更白,具有良好溶解性、分散性和口感,并且经过冲调后形成了具备良好黏弹性的米浆,研究为球磨研磨处理全谷物提供基础数据与参考。     

球磨微细化处理绿豆淀粉的结构、理化及3D打印特性变化

为研究球磨超微粉碎处理对绿豆淀粉微观结构、理化性质及在3D打印食品中应用特性的影响，该研究以商业绿豆淀粉为原料，利用行星式球磨机制备超微粉，采用激光粒度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、粘度仪、流变仪、3D打印机等分析和制备手段研究经微细化处理前后绿豆淀粉颗粒大小及分布、微观形貌、晶体结构、短程有序结构、糊化特性、流变学特性和3D打印特性等结构和性质的变化。结果表明：球磨微细化处理后，绿豆淀粉粒径先减小后增大，在6 h时粒径较小，中位径D50值为15.68 μm，颗粒表面变得粗糙，形状为扁平状；淀粉颗粒晶体结构受到破坏，在9 h时结晶度从33.43%降低至13.93%，淀粉颗粒短程有序结构R1047/1022值从0.82降低至0.76。球磨后绿豆淀粉糊化特性和流变学特性发生改变，黏度和回生值降低，最终黏度从2 377.5 cp降低至1 481.5 cp，回生值从1 008.5 cp降低至549 cp，损耗因子G''和G"呈先下降后上升趋势。球磨处理后绿豆淀粉能够有效进行3D打印处理，在3 h时模型偏差率为0.66%，获得偏差率低、打印精度高的绿豆淀粉样品。该研究为绿豆淀粉的加工及在3D打印食品中的应用提供理论参考。     

酶解-球磨法制备微细化淀粉的性质研究

传统微细化小颗粒淀粉的制备采用原淀粉直接球磨的方法,耗时长,能耗高,产物易糊化。采用先酶解再球磨的新工艺制备微细化小颗粒淀粉,并与玉米原淀粉、原淀粉球磨淀粉的性质进行比较。结果表明:玉米原淀粉的表面积平均粒径为12.90μm,原淀粉球磨淀粉的表面积平均粒径略有增大,而酶解-球磨淀粉的表面积平均粒径显著降低;酶解-球磨淀粉的结晶结构受到一定程度的破坏,部分偏光十字消失,双折射强度减弱,结晶度显著降低。     

脱脂薏苡仁的球磨微细化工艺

以脱脂薏苡仁为原料,运用单因素试验结合响应面法对球磨微细化处理脱脂薏苡仁的工艺进行优化,确定最佳工艺条件:球磨时间63 min,转速290 r/min,球料比9︰1。在此条件下平均粒径为4.32μm,通过扫面电镜观察证明了脱脂薏苡仁经球磨微细化处理,团聚的大颗粒变成细小不规则的微粒,因此试验采用的球磨微细化处理脱脂薏苡仁的工艺是有效可靠的,可为其后续在食品加工领域的应用提供一定的理论支撑。     

微细化处理对大米淀粉物化特性及血糖指数的影响

本实验采用扫描电镜、X-射线衍射、差示量热扫描仪及体外消化法,对微细化大米淀粉的凝聚态结构、颗粒大小、晶体特性、热特性和消化特性、淀粉水解率、水解动力学常数和血糖指数的变化进行了分析。实验结果表明:干法球磨微细化处理对大米淀粉的凝聚态结构和消化性影响显著。经球磨的微细化大米淀粉颗粒分布均匀,粒度减小;有序的微晶区结构被破坏,但亚微晶区结构增加;焓变曲线吸热峰消失,淀粉在常温下开始糊化;抗性淀粉含量显著降低,可消化淀粉含量增加,微细化处理12h可提高血糖指数,但延长球磨时间,淀粉水解率增加不显著。     

气流粉碎技术在生物材料微细化处理中的应用研究

由于低温粉碎的特点,避免了热敏性成分在粉碎过程中的损失,所以气流粉碎技术在生物材料微细化处理中得到广泛应用。论文主要介绍了气流粉碎技术对生物材料有效成分提取、超微粉体粒度及粉体特性和微观形貌特征的影响。认为物料特性和干燥预处理对于气流粉碎效果产生影响,应深入研究;可借鉴气流粉碎技术在矿冶、化工方面的应用,探讨气流粉碎过程的粉碎动力学、粉碎热力学、粉碎能耗规律以及粉碎过程中的微观形貌特征。     

Grinding characteristics,physical, and flow specific properties of roasted maize and soybean flour

Grinding characteristics (one and two stage grinding) of roasted maize (RM) and soybean (RS) were conducted in attrition mill to find the effect of feed rate and peripheral speed on average particle size (A_PS), specific energy consumption (S_EC), size reduction ratio (SRR), and grinding constants. Carr Index (CI), Housner ratio (HR), density, water, and oil absorption capacity of flour were also studied as a function of particle size. The higher SRR, A_PS, and grinding recovery were recorded in the first stage grinding as compared with second one. S_EC was decreasing significantly (p < .05) from 0.0039 ± 0.0011 to 0.0013 ± 0.0019 kwh/kg as, feed rate increased from 9 to 15 kg/hr. The grinding constants were significantly increased in the second stage grinding. The flowability of flour such as CI and HR was poor at lower particle size. S_EC and A_PS analysis revealed that a two‐stage segregated grinding would be suitable for RM and RS grinding.

Practical applications

Roasted maize and soybean flour are highly nutritive food and prepared by roasting, grinding and sieving. Flour particle sizes and flow specific properties play an important role in addressing malnutrition and ready‐to‐eat food formulations. The digestibility and release of bioactive components also depend upon particle size and granular morphology of the food. Though, the present study is also acquainted with energy consumption during processing operation and product quality and which are key parameters for scaling‐up and designing the grinding equipment. The information generated regarding the energy consumption and health benefits may be useful for food processors and consumers as well.     

Ball Milling of Amaranth Starch-Enriched Fraction. Changes on Particle Size,Starch Crystallinity,and Functionality as a Function of Milling Energy

Starch-enriched fractions of amaranth grain were obtained from planetary ball milling and subsequently studied for particle size reduction, hydration properties, and crystallinity loss. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) was used to evaluate the crystalline of starch-enriched fractions, using an iterative smoothing algorithm to estimate amorphous background scattering. This methodology was then used to determine initial crystallinity and monitor crystallinity loss during this process. The attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) showed that ball-milling treatment significantly decreased (p?<?0.05) the intensity ratios of the bands at 1,039 and 1,014 cm^?1 corresponding to the crystalline/amorphous part of starch structure. Starch crystallinity degree decreased by ball milling due to starch amorphization during this process. An excellent correlation was found between crystallinity degree obtained by WAXS and ATR-FTIR data for the whole ball-milled-analyzed samples. The energy required for size reduction was satisfactorily explained using a generalized grinding equation. A decrease of span and median diameter (D ₅₀) indicated sample homogenization during ball milling. Water absorption index and water solubility increased with crystallinity loss during process. The flour produced at the higher milling energy (6.52 kJ/g), with a mean size of 68?±?1 μm, showed a low crystallinity degree (<5 %), and high water absorption and solubility indexes in comparison to the starch-enriched fraction sample. Particle activation provided by ball-milling process can offer chances for starch application such as sorbent agent in food or pharmaceutical industries.     

基于图像的球磨机自动调速系统

为提高球磨机的磨粉效率和质量,根据粉体颗粒粒度变化实时调整球磨机运行速度,设计了一种基于粉体图像处理的球磨机自动调速系统。该系统利用高速相机在线获取被磨粉体颗粒图像。上位机通过对图像的分析处理获得被磨粉体物质的粒度,并结合球磨机转速和粉体粒度的对应关系,将速度指令发送给PLC,并由PLC控制变频器,调节球磨机电机转速,使球磨机运行于较佳转速,以利于提高制粉效率,减小球磨机的能耗。     

干法磨粉对荞麦豆皮品质影响研究

为考察干法磨粉工艺对荞麦豆皮粉粉质特性及荞麦豆皮产品品质的影响,选用了万能和超微2种不同仪器对混合原料进行磨粉,用传统湿法工艺作为对照,通过分析荞麦豆皮粉的粒径分布、白度、糊化特性等粉质特性,并结合荞麦豆皮的质构特性和感官评分,以筛选出粉质特性和产品口感均较好的干法磨粉工艺。研究结果表明:超微磨粉粒径最小,白度最高,糊化特性较好,荞麦豆皮质构适中,感官评分高,各项参数接近或优于传统湿磨,而普通万能磨粉粒径较大,白度也低,荞麦豆皮质构较超微和湿磨硬,感官评分也低于超微和湿磨。综上所述,超微磨粉工艺得到的粉与普通磨粉工艺相比,具有很好的加工性能,可以用来制得荞麦豆皮品质优良的预制粉,能够改良传统的荞麦豆皮制作工艺。     

Physicochemical properties and application of micronized cornstarch in low fat cream

With normal cornstarch (CS) as material, micronized starch was prepared first by acid hydrolyzed pretreatment and then ball-milling (HMS). A control sample (MS) was prepared by ball-milling without pretreatment. Particle size and shape of micronized starch were investigated, and its application in low fat cream was studied. The Maltase cross of HMS granules almost disappeared and the particle size clearly decreased. It was evident that acid-lintnerised starch granules were more susceptible to break down upon milling. However, the granules would aggregate with an increase in milling time. Compared with full-fat cream, the apparent viscosity of low-fat cream increased, while fat globules partial coalescence rate, overrun and textural properties decreased with the increasing of the fat replacement rate. The average particle size of whipped cream increased with the increase of whipping time. Results indicate that a 15% fat replacement rate would produce cream with good foaming and storage stability.     

The effects of freeze, dry, and wet grinding processes on rice flour properties and their energy consumption

This study attempted to replace the wet grinding process of rice with a freeze grinding process. The freeze grinding process involved soaking the rice samples in liquid nitrogen before grinding in a dry grinding machine. Three different types of grinders (hammer mill, roller mill, and pin mill) were used in both the freeze and the dry grinding processes. Wet grinding resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) smaller average particle size and a lower percentage of damaged starch than the alternative methods of grinding. Freeze grinding, especially using the hammer mill significantly reduced both the average particle size and the damaged starch content. Moreover, freeze grinding produced a higher yield after sieving in comparison with dry grinding using an identical grinder. In particular, freeze grinding with the hammer mill gave a significantly higher yield after sieving than dry grinding with the hammer mill. The wet grinding process had the significantly highest specific energy consumption (13,868 kJ/kg) due to the large consumption of electrical energy by the many machines in the process. The energy consumption of freeze grinding was similar to dry grinding. Consequently, the freeze grinding process was a viable alternative to the traditional wet grinding process.     

不同湿法粉碎装置的粉碎能耗及豆浆特性的研究

实验分析了石磨、胶体磨、剪切粉碎机对生大豆和煮过的大豆的粉碎特性。在分批粉碎时,粉碎时间的长短与粒径的大小成逆相关,与粉碎能耗的多少成正相关。石磨的能量利用率最低,粉碎生大豆的能耗为剪切粉碎机的1.83倍。和生大豆相比,煮过的大豆所需的粉碎时间要长些,因此所需能耗要高些。三种典型的能耗学说（基克的体积学说、邦德的裂纹扩展学说、雷廷格的表面积学说）都可以被应用,但雷廷格学说较其它两个学说更适合,其次为邦德学说。煮过的大豆浆液粘度比生大豆的要大,两者都显示出非牛顿假塑性。