动态裂纹的位错模型

静态裂纹的位错模型已有广泛的研究,而动态裂纹的动态位错模型研究得不够。本文提出动态增生位错模型,并给出了它的应力场,利用这一模型,建立了适用于动态裂纹问题的奇异积分方程。用这种方法求得了运动裂纹的Ｄ－Ｍ模型的位错分布函数及裂纹张开位移。     

20CrMnTi钢的位错密度及晶体结构

采用X射线衍射法及新的线性分析理论,准确地测量了不同应变量时20CrMnTi钢的位错密度,分析了应变量与位错密度的关系。结果表明:位错密度随变形量的增加而提高,退火状态时位错密度较低。透射电镜试验证明了20CrMnTi退火后的组织为铁素体和珠光体,晶内位错表态为"曲折"形的位错线,变形后形成胞状结构,同时有孪晶出现。胞状结构的出现大大提高了钢的强度。     

薄板中孔边裂纹与独立裂纹的相互作用

研究有孔边裂纹与独立裂纹的薄板在远程受弯曲作用时的响应.利用叠加原理,将原问题转化为两个含有孔边裂纹的子问题,远程弯曲只存在于第一子问题.在第二子问题中,假定沿独立裂纹线的位置存在一个连续分布的角位错,使之在此处得到的面力与第一子问题所得到的相抵消,形成自由表面的裂纹,通过基于点位错解的奇异积分方程得到连续分布位错的解.给出了板弯曲问题基于位错密度函数的应力强度因子的表达式,求得孔边裂纹及独立裂纹应力强度因子的数值解,考察了薄板在远程弯曲时方形孔边裂纹和线裂纹的应力强度因子变化.     

运动裂纹与位错

用位错连续分布模型表示静止的裂纹,已经有许多作者论述〔1〕。本文的目的是想把这种表示方法扩充到运动的裂纹。我们应用介超音速流动圆锥场的方法〔2〕,将动力问题转变为类似的静力问题,并且能方便地用复变函数法求介。文中讨论了运动的螺位错的应力场,以及Ⅲ型运动裂纹的位错连续分布函数,这一函数与裂纹的运动速度有关。     

Yb:ZW单晶生长缺陷和光谱性能

采用丘克拉斯基法生长了３块名义掺杂浓度分别为０．０５％、０．５％、１％的ＺｎＷＯ４：Ｙｂ３＋晶体,根据Ｘ射线粉末衍射数据计算了晶胞参数,由密度实验确定了Ｙｂ３＋是以置换Ｚｎ２＋离子的方式进入晶格．观察了组分过冷和位错蚀坑,研究了不同掺杂浓度晶体的（０１０）晶面上的位错类型、连接方式,计算了位错密度．发现随着掺杂浓度的增加,位错密度也增大,必须控制合理的生长工艺条件以减少位错密度,提高晶体质量．对晶体的吸收光谱进行了测试,并对晶体的激光性能进行了讨论．     

微观结构疲劳短裂纹生长行为的描述方法

通过对裂纹损伤区位错平衡条件的分析,建立了循环应力下的疲劳短裂纹生长位错模型．结合对疲劳短裂纹损伤区与晶界交互作用分析,由模型给出了一个振荡形式发展的微观结构疲劳短裂纹生长速率表达式,其范围包络线可以较好地覆盖裂纹生长速率的试验数据．     

XRD的TA10钛合金热压缩变形后位错演化分析

为了分析TA10钛合金位错演化,对TA10钛合金做了热模拟压缩实验,并对压缩后的试样进行了X射线衍射(XRD)实验。根据不同晶面的衍射峰,结合Dunn公式计算出了各晶面的位错密度。结果表明:TA10钛合金的软化机制在相变点以下以动态再结晶为主,相变点以上以动态回复为主;位错类型主要是柱面(1010),基面(0002)和锥面(1011)型位错; 800℃~900℃时,基面的位错密度变化最为显著,随着变形温度的升高,基面受动态再结晶的影响最大;应变速率增大及变形温度降低时总位错密度变大。随着变形量的增大,相变点以下,总位错密度先增大后减小,1 000℃时,总位错密度波动不大。使用XRD法可方便定量分析TA10钛合金热压缩变形后位错密度的演变规律。     

多环交界裂纹面在谐振应力波作用下的动应力强度因子

研究埋藏圆柱体中多个环形交界裂纹面上受谐振应力波作用时的弹性波散射问题,以裂纹面的位错密度函数为未知量,利用Fourier积分变换,将问题归结为第二类奇异积分方程;然后通过数值求解奇异积分方程,获得裂纹尖端的动应力强度因子;给出了双裂纹动应力强度因子随入射波频率变化的关系曲线。     

α-Fe<110>倾侧晶界单轴拉伸下位错演变的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法通过建立单轴拉伸条件下α-Fe110倾侧晶界模型,研究α-Fe110倾侧晶界及空洞周围位错发射、增殖演变过程.结果表明:α-Fe在塑性变形阶段与解理断裂微裂纹形核时会发射1/2111全位错并随着拉伸加载而呈指数型增殖,且内部位错相遇扩展分解得到100或110不全位错;此外,纳米空洞的存在提前了基体内部位错产生的时间,加快了位错密度的增长,但并不影响位错的增殖速度.     

叠轧法深度塑性变形铜组织的研究

用X-射线衍射分析法检测了异步叠轧和同步叠轧制备变形量不小于98.4%纯铜样品的变形织构、残余应力、位错密度、晶格点阵常数和晶粒大小,测试了加工态样品的维氏硬度.结果表明,异步叠轧铜变形织构是剪切织构{100}<011>,同步叠轧铜的变形织构是铜织构{112}<111>;异步叠轧和同步叠轧对晶粒大小、位错密度、微观应变、晶格点阵常数和硬度等没有显著影响;硬度、残余应力、位错密度、晶格点阵常数和晶粒大小随变形量的增大分别趋向一个常数.这暗示无限叠轧不能无限地细化晶粒.     

16Mn钢焊接件疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展机理研究

对16Mn钢对焊接头的焊缝及热影响区中疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展机理进行了研究与讨论,结果发现：疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展与铁素体组织有关,疲劳裂纹扩展阶段裂纹尖端附近为形成于铁素体晶粒内的位错胞及亚晶,在离裂纹尖端较远处为高密度的位错缠结。     

边界元法在断裂力学数值计算中的应用研究

给出一个适用于平面断裂力学分析的新边界积分方程,在此方程的基础上建立了边界元数值计算方法.对Griffith裂纹问题进行了编程计算,用裂尖位错密度与应力强度因子的关系计算出了该问题的应力强度因子.     

Stress distribution and effective stress intensity factor of a blunt crack after dislocation emission

The stress fields induced by a dislocation and its image dislocations around a narrow elliptic void are formulated. Based on the solution, the stress distribution and effective stress intensity factor of a blunt (elliptic) crack were calculated under mode I constant loading. The results show that a dislocation-free zone (DFZ) is formed after dislocation emission. There exists a second stress peak in the DFZ except a stress peak at the blunt crack tip. With an increase in the applied stress intensity factor Kla or the friction stress T, of the material, the DFZ size and the peak stress at the crack tip decrease, but the peak stress in the DFZ and the effective stress intensity factor Klf presiding at the crack tip increase. Because of dislocation shielding effects, shielding ratio Kla/Klf increases with increasing Kla, but it decreases with increasing Tf.     

Microscopic study of mode I crack tip deformation

By simulating edge dislocation emissions from a mode I crack tip along multiple inclined slip planes, the plastic zone and dislocation-free zone around the crack tip are obtained. It is found that the shape of the mode I plastic zone consists of two leaning forward loops which is better agreement with experimental observations. Except at the crack tip there are also stress peaks in front of the crack tip. A formula of the maximum peak stress as a function of the applied stress intensity factor and the friction stress has been regressed.     

Chemisorption-facilitated dislocation emission and motion, and induced nucleation of brittle nanocrack

Using a special TEM constant deflection device, the change in dislocation configuration ahead of a loaded crack tip before and after adsorption of Hg atoms and the initiation of liquid metal-induced nanocracks (LMIC) have been observed. The results show that chemisorption of Hg atoms can facilitate dislocation emission, multiplication and motion. Nanocracks will be initiated in the dislocation-free zone (DFZ) or at the crack tip when chemisorption-facilitated dislocation emission, multiplication and motion reach a critical condition. On the basis of the available experimental evidence concerning liquid metal embnttlement (LME), a new mechanism for this phenomenon is considered. This involves the fact that the decrease in surface energy induced by chemisorption of Hg atoms results in a reduction in the critical stress intensity factors for dislocation emission and the resistance for dislocation motion. On the other hand, the plastic work and KIC will decrease with the decrease in the surface energy.     

Effect of fine precipitates on initiation and propagation of micro-cracks in low alloy Cr-Mo-V steel

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Hydrogen-enhanced dislocation emission, motion and nucleation of hydrogen-induced cracking for steel

The change in dislocation configuration ahead of a loaded crack tip before and after charging with hydrogen was in situ investigated in TEM using a special constant deflection loading device The results showed that hydrogen could facilitate dislocation emission, multiplication and motion The change in displacement field ahead of a loaded notch tip for a bulk specimen before and after charging with hydrogen was in situ measured by the laser moire interferometer technique. The results showed that hydrogen could enlarge the plastic zone and increase the plastic strain The in situ observation in TEM showed that when hydrogen-enhanced dislocation emission and motion reached a critical condition, a nanocrack of hydrogen-induced cracking ( HIC) would nucleate in the dislocation-free zone (DFZ) or at the main crack tip. The reasons for hydrogen-enhanced dislocation emission, multiplication and motion, and the mechanisms of nucleation of HIC have been discussed     

Corrosion-enhanced dislocation emission and motion resulting in initiation of stress corrosion cracking

A special constant deflection device for TEM has been designed, and then change of dislocation configuration ahead of a crack tip during stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of brass in water and of Ti-24Al-11Nb alloy in methanol and initiation of SCC can he observed in TEM In situ tensile test in TEM for brass was carried out for comparison The results show that anodic dissolution during SCC can facilitate dislocation emission, multiplication and motion, and a dislocation free zone (DFZ) is formed The stress at a particular site in the DFZ, which is an elastic zone and is thinned gradually through corrosion-enhanced dislocation emission and motion, is possibly up to the cohesive strength, resulting in initiating of a nanocrack of SCC in the DFZ or sometimes at the crack tip. Because of the action of the corrosion solution the nanocrack of SCC propagates into a cleavage or intergranular microcrack rather than blunts into a void like in situ tension in TEM     

Mode Ⅰ Plane Crack Interacting with an Interfacial Crack Along a Circular Inhomogeneity

Cracks,inhomogeneityandtheirinteractions playanimportantroleincompositematerial.Anda lotofresearchworkaboutthiscanbefoundinopen literatures[1,2].Inthispaper,theelasticinteractionofthemodeⅠplanecrackwithaninterfacialcrackalongacircu larinhomogeneityisdealtwith.Thedislocationden sity,themodesⅠstressintensityfactors(SIFs)of theplanecrackareobtainednumericallybyhandlinga newkindofdislocationequilibriumequation.1ProblemStatementandFormula tion Thegeometryandcoordinatesystemoftheprob lemareshow…     

纯弯各向异性复合材料板的断裂分析

在受纯弯载荷作用下,对含裂纹的线弹性各向异性纤维复合材料板的尖端场进行探讨。选取带复参数的挠度函数,利用复变函数方法和待定系数法,借助边界条件,确定复参数,从而推出了裂纹尖端附近的弯矩和扭矩计算公式,所得到的公式在有关的断裂分析中有一定的实用价值和参考作用,最后给出了数值算例。