基于建筑空间模型的大型工业园区内保安巡逻系统研究

城市犯罪和公共安全是最重要的城市公共问题之一。作为产学研载体的大型工业园区大量的兴起,随之而来的园区内犯罪活动也日益增多。基于建筑信息模型(BIM),结合闭路电视监控系统(CCTV)以及工业园区内的警卫巡逻,是一个有效预防犯罪的方法。在固有大型工业园区环境基础上,本文提出了一个大型工业园区内保安巡逻系统的数学模型。根据现有区内建筑物及车道、人行道等的分布,经过定量分析,获得空间的可视性、接近性和本征性,找出园区内防犯薄弱点,针对防范薄弱区域增添CCTV,确定保安的巡逻路径。最后通过基因遗传算法,对保安巡逻路径进行拓扑优化,得出最佳巡逻路径。通过文中的案例分析,本文所提出的模型可有效的预防大型工业园区内的犯罪发生,并大大提高了分析的效率。     

后疫情时代风景园林聚焦公共健康的热点议题探讨

后疫情时代,中国将进入新公共卫生发展阶段,社会对公众健康的关注为风景园林提供了前所未有的机遇和挑战。风景园林在公共健康改善和疫情防控中可以发挥重要作用。针对未来的公共健康改善和应急要求预判,以及受此影响下的居民工作生活需求变化,基于风景园林改善公共健康的作用机理,提出后疫情时代风景园林聚焦公共健康的热点议题框架,包括3方面7个具体方向：在规划设计方面,聚焦基于社区生活圈的公园绿地体系的优化,构建强调可用性的多元化邻里绿色场所,以及强化公园绿地作为防疫和应急服务的预留空间;在管理方面,开展公园绿地健康改善项目和事件的运营,聚焦公共卫生构建公园绿地精细化管理体系;在保障机制方面,开展公共健康改善效益评估,拓展资金和服务供应方来源,并主动深度参与新公共卫生时代的多方合作。     

“公共性”视角下西方城市公共园林的雏形及发展研究

城市公共园林是城市中一类重要的公共空间,是城市整体的有机组成部分。历史上的公共园林是现代城市公园产生的基础,早期的城市公共园林的萌芽和发展经历了漫长的过程。首先,结合实例,梳理和归纳了城市公园雏形,并总结为3类,即私人宅园面向公众开放、城市公共空间的转化,以及城市中由私人直接设计建造的城市公园;其次,分析了城市公园出现的原因及其驱动力,包括启蒙运动与民主思想的推动、空气污染与居住环境恶化、法令法案的政策影响、学者倡导及理论研究的促进等;最后,阐述了城市公园的发展。从"公共性"视角,回顾西方城市公园从萌芽、出现到发展的过程,园林逐步开放,不再只为少数权贵阶层服务,逐渐面向普通大众,考虑每一个民众的利益,彰显了社会的公平和进步。     

The Impact of Public Participation on the Effectiveness of,and Users' Attachment to,Urban Neighbourhood Parks

As Taiwanese people's awareness of civic consciousness has risen over the past decade, the government has undergone administrative reform to allow citizens to participate in public affairs. The Neighbourhood Park Improvement Plan (NPIP), as executed by the Taipei City Government, is aimed at encouraging community involvement in the planning and design of neighbourhood parks. The purpose of this study was to examine the outcome of the NPIP by comparing facility suitability and functional benefit, as well as park users' emotional bonding and involvement intention, with regards to improved and unimproved neighbourhood parks. The results indicated that park users considered the facility suitability and functional benefits of improved parks to be better than those of unimproved parks. In addition, users' emotional bonding to, and involvement intention for, improved parks were stronger than those of unimproved parks. Based on the findings, suggestions were made for community involvement in park improvement projects.     

巴黎贝西公园营建的启示与反思

城市公园是城市开放空间体系的 重要组成部分,其营建水平的高低将直接 影响城市的品质。巴黎是为人们所熟知的 具有高质量公共空间的城市,其城市公园的 营建经验值得借鉴。贝西公园是巴黎19 9 0 年代新建的大型城市公园之一,该公园的建 设对巴黎东部城区的活力复苏起到了关键 性的作用。本文在介绍公园历史和概况的 基础上,分析了贝西公园规划设计的思想 及具体手法,通过对我国开放式城市公园 规划设计的反思,总结了贝西公园对我国城 市公园建设的借鉴作用。     

民国初期(1914-1929年)北京公共园林开放初探

简述了明清以前北京公共园林的发展和公共游览活动,分析了民国初期北京的皇宫禁苑、私家花园、寺观坛庙的开放进程,进一步探讨了具有优美自然风光和蕴含深厚人文内涵的公共园林作为北京城市重要的历史文化遗产,即不仅拓展了城市的开放空间,同时对后世城市公共园林的建设、传承北京文化和北京精神、丰富市民生活,均具有不可估量的价值。     

新女性意识的空间表达——浅析20世纪初的中国城市公园

20世纪初的中国,新兴的城市公园面向公众开放,配备丰富多样的设施,并且鼓励女性参与,拓展了都市女性的活动空间,并在一定程度上引发了她们形象、观念及社会生活的转变;文章以近代公园为楔入点,结合近代中国女性意识再定义的背景,探析公园空间与女性意识的相互作用,阐明近代公园物化了基于民族国家框架下女性的新身体和新思维。     

城市小型公园绿地使用的影响因素——成都实例研究

城市公园绿地是一种重要的健康资源,其健康促进作用的发挥与使用行为密切相关。以成都市中心区小游园为案例,定量分析了高密度城市背景下小游园的使用行为及其影响因素和影响机制。描述性分析结果显示,小游园相对于大型综合公园更易被人们在日常生活中就近使用。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、教育水平、收入水平、是否有孩（家中是否有学龄前儿童,简称是否有孩）和使用距离与使用频率之间具有显著联系;年龄、性别或收入水平对使用动机的影响具有较大差异。进一步讨论表明,较之于使用距离,社会人口因素塑造下的使用动机对使用频率的影响更为显著。最后尝试提出了若干旨在响应使用动机的规划设计建议。     

城市开敞空间山水意象营造——以南丰县明日橘子园广场设计为例

近年来景观都市主义理念的提出已经使广场、公园等城市开敞空间的界定变得模糊,开敞空间承载着城市的社会生活、生命体验和价值体系。本文以江西省南丰县明日橘子园广场设计为例,规划地块在地域性、文化表现及地形塑造方面都具有典型的代表性。充分利用和发挥现场的山地优势,借助地势构造生态空间场所,用现代的设计理念结合传统的造园手法,在构园形式上营造自然山水意象。     

游径视角下国家公园的空间表征 ——以美国国家公园为例

国家代表性语境下,将国家公园建构成为文化语境中的一类国家意象符号,能够有效提升中国文化自信、民族自豪及国家认同感。游径空间作为全民公益性背景下公众接触国家公园的主要渠道,具备承载传递自然保护意识及文化审美感知的天然属性。借助人文地理学研究视角下的空间表征理论,对美国国家公园的案例进行梳理解析后发现,统一规范的游径标识及解说系统和基于特定地理风貌的游憩实践,能够交互促进不同社会群体达成国家公园自然审美及文化意象的广泛共识。根据中国国家公园的发展现状,同时借鉴美国国家公园解说系统机制的经验和教训,从国家规范制度、空间规划设计及综合管理教育3个方面总结适宜于中国国情的实施路径。对于探讨国家公园生态游憩,以及将生态保护理念赋予国家文化意义的研究具有借鉴意义。     

宋代城市公园的形成分析*

公园的产生与发展同时代的政治制度、经济发展和市民生活紧密相关,研究公园的起源,对于划分城市文明演变的阶段有着一定的标志性作用。本文对认为我国公园形成于清末民初近代城市的已有结论提出质疑,并论证在宋代由于“与民同乐”的政治理念、商业娱乐型的城市转型、市民文化的崛起。已在开放式街巷城市中形成了城市公园。并通过已有研究和历史文献检索,基于公园与公共园林的分类依据、公园的概念与要素。归纳了宋代城市公园形成所需的“与民同乐”的文化基础、城市文明演变的物质基础以及包括湖山风景区、城市园圃的体系化园林建设等重要要素保障。     

Retrofitting business suburbia: competition,transformation, and challenges in metropolitan Boston’s suburban office parks

This paper examines the retrofitting and redevelopment of suburban office parks, and in particular, the planning, design, and policy issues and challenges associated with this redevelopment. Recent literature indicates a shift of suburban business development in favor of increasingly competitive central cities, a dilemma for planners charged with revitalizing aging suburban business parks. To understand the nature and causality of suburban office park retrofitting and redevelopment, we conducted 13 qualitative, semi-structured interviews with planners, developers, and officials in the inner Boston metropolitan region. Interviews indicated increasing obsolescence, with widespread redevelopment as a coping strategy. Strategies included densification, mixed uses, enhanced public spaces, and attempts to enhance transit. We examine two case studies: Northwest Park in Burlington, MA, and Needham Crossing, in Needham, MA: both are former office parks redeveloped as mixed-use developments. Our research clarifies the nature and types of physical redevelopment, as well as the specific motivations behind redevelopment as a planning strategy for enhancing the viability of aging suburban office developments.     

城市公园生态系统文化服务的公众感知研究—以济南市主城区城市公园为例

城市公园作为连接人与自然生态系统的纽带,提供着重要的生态系统服务.研究不同使用者对生态系统文化服务的感知,对优化公园设计和提升服务质量具有重要的指导意义.以济南市主城区城市公园为例,利用重要性-满意度分析方法,研究了济南市本地居民与外地游客对城市公园文化服务的感知.从公众感知结果来看,主城区城市公园的教育和知识、文化遗...     

Landscapes lost

In practical life a landscape will function as a bridge between the factual and the normative. Landscapes are part of the identity and 'memory-bank' of social groups, and can function as a tool for public sector management. Landscapes can be given a semiotic interpretation, from which flows the idea that several landscapes may cover the same area. It also follows that landscape change must be kept analytically separate from material change in an area. A national park regime is viewed as an attempt to preserve a small number of the landscapes within an area. A national park policy diverts attention from what is happening outside the parks, as has been the case in Norway. Landscapes outside are lost in the sense that due attention is not paid to the natural and social changes taking place. The national parks policy in Norway is heavily biased towards area protection in remote mountain regions. It is argued that one reason for this, is the definition of the 'original' Norwegian landscape found in the national-romantic painting tradition in Norway that dates back about 100 years.     

城市消极空间的活力再造

本文通过对美国三个小型公园的设计研究过程和建成使用调查资料的采集及分析,总结了它们各具特色的设计特征,指出消极空间经过积极转型后对增加地区活力、促进公共生活、优化城市空间结构、改善空间品质和城市景观具有重要作用.     

美国城市公共空间的发展历史

美国城市公共空间的发展历史主要包括市民空间阶段,广场的衰落,游憩墓地阶段,公园运动,社区和邻里公园阶段,公共领域的衰落及公共空间的私有化等重要阶段和事件。     

城市公园重塑的意义及对策——以合肥市瑶海公园为例

随着中国城市的建设发展,人们休闲娱乐方式的增加,传统的城市公园发生了相应的变化,如何协调好传统公园与现代城市生活需求之间的平衡关系,已成为城市改造的一项重要内容。文章以合肥市瑶海公园改造规划设计方案为例,着重论述城市公园重塑的意义及其可持续发展对策。     

Research on the Perception of Cultural Ecosystem Services in Urban Parks via Analyses of Online Comment Data

Urban parks are an important part of urban ecosystems and can provide beneficial cultural ecosystem services (CES) to urban residents. The integration of geospatial and online comment data and relevant data mining have become a mainstream approach to the research on CES perception. This paper takes 10 typical urban parks in the central districts of Jinan, China as examples, and collects park users’ online comment data from tourism websites. Based on content analysis, high-frequency CES perception words and their perception frequencies are obtained to reveal the disparity of CES perception in different urban parks. FP-association rules are applied to examine the correlations between the perception of CES categories. Main findings are as follow. 1) Aesthetics and leisure/ecotourism services are the most easily perceived CES categories in urban parks. 2) There are differences in public’s perception of CES categories in different urban parks: aesthetics service in Baihua Park and Wulongtan Park, leisure/ecotourism service in Jinan Forest Park, and education/knowledge service in Quancheng Park, Zhongshan Park, Huashan Lake Park, and Jinan Zoo can be better perceived by the public. And 3) the perception of CES categories of urban parks is correlated. Aesthetics and leisure/ecotourism services have the strongest correlation and are often perceived with the services of cultural heritage, spiritual/religious value, and artistic inspiration. The study enriches the empirical research on CES perception via analyses of online comment data, clarifies the patterns of public’s CES perception in urban parks, and provides a scientific reference for the planning, design, and management of urban parks, showing a significance for improving CES supply and spatial quality of urban parks.     

Understanding the context of neighborhood parks: a method for public space classification

Neighborhood parks are recognized as key urban public spaces that serve the social, economic, and environmental needs of adjacent neighborhoods. However, relevant studies primarily focus on the contribution of neighborhood parks as discrete spaces, instead of neighborhood parks as built spaces within an urban context. This research provides a better understanding of the inter-relationships between various urban form measures and an alternative way of constructing public space typology based on the surrounding urban form. The research employs factor and cluster analysis to develop a typology of 150 neighborhood park contexts in the City of Chicago, Illinois. 150-neighborhood park surroundings are classified into six categories based on an understanding of the dimensional structure of urban form elements; however, the Chicago Park District currently classifies them into one broad category. The study also provides guidelines for urban design and physical planning strategies for neighborhood park development.     

Evaluation of off-leash dog parks in Texas and Florida: A study of use patterns, user satisfaction, and perception

The growing importance of dogs in people's lives and in high-density urban environments has increased demand for a place where people and their dogs can interact and exercise together. The recent increase in the number of off-leash dog parks across the country is evidence of these demands of dog owners. Evaluation of four dog parks in Texas and Florida was conducted to investigate use patterns of dog parks and user activities, to identify user satisfaction and perception, and to provide insights in developing effective dog parks. The results indicated that dog parks received considerable use and served a variety of groups and users were generally satisfied with dog parks. Dog parks were identified as the most frequented locations regarding the provision of outdoor exercise and socialization for their dogs and proximity to a dog park was positively related to frequency of use and satisfaction. A substantial number of respondents perceived the benefits of a dog park for the dogs’ physical well-being and for building a sense of community by providing the opportunity to socialize with neighbors. These research findings and design guidelines will help expand the knowledge base regarding parks and guide the future planning, design, and evaluation of dog parks.