蓝天碧水中的花园城市——新加坡城市美化绿化之研究

研究新加坡在花园城市建设中的主要方法、措施和实施过程。提出城市美化绿化 ,是坚持以人为本、提高城市空间环境质量、实现环境可持续发展的重要手段。     

纯与整:朗琴园四期方案求索

际情况出发,充分考虑本单位的网络资源状况。目前的视频会议系统基本上都采用H.320标准或是H.323标准。在确定采用何种标准体系的产品时?都是以纯净的几何体、整合的建筑体量而最终胜出。看来,“纯”与“整”已成为大尺度建筑盛行的一种设计手法。其实,在早期现代主义作品中也不乏这样的先例,密斯的西格拉姆大厦、雅马萨齐的世贸中心,都成为传世经典之作。“纯”与“整”可以赋予建筑以很强的力度和美感,产生震撼力,带来视觉上的冲击。可以说,概括性与抽象性已成为很重要的一种建筑语汇。朗琴园四期位于整个朗琴园项目用地的最北侧,分为A…     

Above and below the line: Globalization and urban form in Bangkok

This paper uses the introduction of a mass rapid transit system into the existing urban form of the city of Bangkok as a metaphor to explore issues of globalization and urban form. The aspirations of Bangkok to become one of the world cities in the global economy were clear prior to the economic crisis of the 1990s. The Bangkok mass transit system – the Skytrain – was initiated in 1992 and opened in 1999 in response to major problems of traffic congestion and pollution, and the expansion of central business districts. The Skytrain is promoted as a symbol of modernity, comparable to the best in the world. It was built over existing streets some 3–4 stories above ground level. At this level there are direct pedestrian links from the stations into some of Bangkok's prestigious shopping malls and hotels, and links to commercial areas. On the streets beneath this massive structure, the vibrant chaos of Thailand exists, seemingly untouched by the world above. The streets are jammed with traffic, the footways with street traders and food stalls, and the night markets teem with people. Those, the majority, who find the Skytrain too expensive, ride in cheap buses, and on motorcycles, polluting the streets with fumes and noise. Two separate patterns of use, almost different worlds exist, one above and the other below the transit lines. The paper argues that both the local and global co-exist, and that globalization may not always be the winner.     

The pursuit of greenness: explaining low-carbon urban transformation in Indonesia

Despite the limited efforts of Indonesian cities and urban areas to overcome high production of greenhouse gas emissions, Balikpapan and Palembang are two cities that have demonstrated intriguing efforts to reduce such emissions. This paper aims to add to the scientific literature regarding the recent progress of low-carbon transformation in developing countries. The paper identifies the drivers of low-carbon planning and development and the extent to which such drivers can influence the success of low-carbon agendas. Four perspectives of analysis are adopted and tested using Balikpapan and Palembang as study cases: (1) public policy, (2) collaboration, (3) infrastructure and (4) knowledge creation and utilization. This study offers critical discussion regarding the adoption of the four perspectives as an integrated analysis to explain the complexity of low-carbon urban transformation.     

Bangkok living: Encountering others in a gated urban field

This paper reflects on the social effects of gated living in Bangkok. Income inequalities in this little-researched Thai capital are among the highest in the world, while income groups live highly segregated and often behind walls and gates. According to one dominant criticism, this ‘enclave urbanism’ prevents intergroup encounters, thus undermining mutual understanding and solidarity. This view seems consistent with recent observations that prejudices between income groups in Bangkok are high. Reporting on research on the social networks of Bangkok's various resident groups, we reflect on the role of the city's gated urban structure in this polarization. We conclude that social networks in poor neighborhoods are close-knit while neighborhood contacts in high-income areas are sparse. We also conclude that encounters between different income groups do take place, with exception of the super-rich. And while our research does not show negative attitudes towards others in general, it does indicate a potentially problematic stigmatization of low-income neighborhoods.     

The potential for decentralized reclamation and reuse of household greywater in peri‐urban areas of Bangkok

A survey was conducted of 400 households in the peri‐urban area of Bangkok to investigate typical household water consumption, daily water use activities, public perception towards wastewater reuse and detergent consumption. Four categories of greywater, including cooking, dish washing, bathing and laundry washing wastewater, their properties and potential application for reuse were examined. Average water consumption was estimated to be 208 L/person/day. The wastewater was already reused in 42% of households, and that laundry wastewater was widely used for plant watering and floor washing. More than 80% of households accepted the use of treated greywater, while 50% of households did not accept the use of treated blackwater. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solid (SS) were high in cooking, dish washing and laundry, and lower in bathing wastewater, while anionic surfactant were high in laundry and dish washing wastewater. The finding results clearly demonstrate the possibility of greywater reclamation and reuse in the area.     

Conflicts over streets: The eviction of Bangkok street vendors

In 2014, the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) introduced the ‘Reclaiming pavements for pedestrians’ plan. This plan, appealing to the Act on Maintaining Public Cleanliness and Public Order, promised to bring ‘safety and orderliness’ to the city, and its implementation led to the removal of street vendors. This article investigates the goals, practices, and effects of the street clean-up plan in Bangkok's old town and shows the ironic consequences of the plan: the streets became less safe. By analysing the vendors' rights, interests, and strategies for coping with the eviction that affected their livelihood, this article focuses on street vendors' survival strategies and analyses various forms of conflicts over streets: the vendors versus city authorities, among the vendors, and the vendors versus powerful gangsters, and discusses the mediation of these conflicts by a senior Buddhist monk who spoke on behalf of street vendors in negotiations with city authorities.     

山区高速公路边坡防护与美化措施研究

结合商州—漫川关高速公路边坡防护与美化工作的一些做法,针对不同的边坡坡率、不同的稳定性,提出了不同的防护和绿化方案,旨在提高边坡防护的安全程度与环保水平。     

城市的竞争力以及城市规划的作用

经济全球化使城市的竞争力成为各国市政府中最重要的议题。一方面 ,城市成为全球经济、社会发展的焦点 ,世界经济的起落系城市于一身。另一方面 ,为了促进自身的经济增长而产生的竞争 ,已不再是简单的穷国和富国的竞争 ,而转变成城市和城市之间、区域和区域之间的竞争。在发达国家中 ,也出现了因为缺乏竞争力而衰退变得贫困的城市和地区 ;在发展中国家也有新兴的城市和地区因富有竞争力而变得繁荣。在美国这个发达国家 ,中南部的农业地区如密西西比河沿岸 ,一些中小城市沦为贫穷的衰退城市。而在中国这个发展中国家 ,沿海地区如珠江三角洲地…     

曼谷排屋式住宅建筑模式研究——基于曼谷地区人户实态调查的分析

通过对曼谷地区排屋式住宅的人户实态调查,对排屋式住宅的历史渊源、使用情况和空间特征进行了比较研究和分析,为进一步研究东南亚住宅建筑提供科学依据,也为缓解快速城市化进程对地域性建筑的冲击提供有利的实证分析。     

The active pursuit of comfort: Its consequences for energy use in the home

This paper argues that an implicit theory of user behaviour influences some policy choices concerning energy use in the home. This ‘theory’ is not the product of a study of the meanings of actions in real life, but is derived from a mixture of ‘common sense’ and experimental evidence. ‘Real life’ studies of the meaning of actions differ considerably from this implicit theory. These differences are examined in relation to the pursuit of comfort and economy and the users' understanding and use of controls. The policy implications of this alternative view of user behaviour are discussed.     

Urban rent and urban dynamics: The determinants of urban development in Italy

Many empirical analyses have proved the existence of an optimal city size through the measurement of economies or diseconomies of scale, generally applied either to the costs of urban services or to elegant econometric estimates of urban and sectoral production functions. But, unfortunately these studies have never produced a common result, and have often been subject to criticism for their restrictive hypotheses. The aim of the present paper is twofold. First of all, urban dynamics in Italy is described through an indicator of urban costs and advantages, i.e. urban rent. House prices are in fact a good indicator of the attraction of an urban area, as they are synthetic and avoid a time lag between the occurrence of phenomena such as demographic change, and the availability of data to capture these phenomena. This study is based on the idea that the difference in house prices between large and small cities is a measure of their relative attraction (and thus their relative location advantage). The second aim is to highlight the determinants of urban dynamics, and especially to understand whether urban development patterns are similar in cities of different size. For this second issue, the paper enters the debate on the existence of an optimal city size for all cities and draws attention to other possible determinanats of urban development. Received: May 2000/Accepted: January 2002     

The dark side of the grid: power and urban design

In contemporary discussions of preferred urban form, many planners and designers advocate a return to the grid. Proponents of the grid see it as legible, accessible, efficient, traditional and, perhaps, even egalitarian. This paper examines the grid in the context of social traditions which have used it as a dominant form in city building. A brief historical review shows that the grid emerges in some societies seeking to diffuse authority among citizens, but appears most commonly in societies which are centralizing or globalizing power. The extraordinary symbolism of the grid as a rational built form imposed on landscapes can convey a range of meanings, both positive and negative.     

城市政治经济学与城市管治

探讨城市政治经济学与城市管治的关系 ,认为城市管治是对各种社会经济关系的一种调整 ,因此城市政治经济学是城市管治的理论基础。简要回顾发展中国家和发达国家城市政治经济学与城市管治的研究 ,并从城市政治经济学和城市管治的角度分析中国城市化和城市人口迁移面临的问题。