自主产权地图数据库系统搭建初探

地图数据库作为管理地理信息的一个专业系统,可以将地图信息的采集、存贮、检索、分析处理与图形输出等系统化,以便通过多功能的查询检索为不同的应用部门提供所需信息,通过多要素的综合分析为管理机构提供可靠的决策方案。本文研究了地图数据库的简单实现,在未借用任何第三方开发平台的情况下,实现了目标索引、分类索引和栅格索引的建立,实现了屏幕点击标示目标、开窗标示目标、分类码检索等基本功能,对研制自主知识产权G IS应用系统具有一定的意义。     

A Data Preprocessor for Structural Analysis and Design Programs

An interactive program for computer-aided data management for structural analysis and design programs has been developed. The program provides the ability to create, store, retrieve, and update data files and display the configuration for 2-D and 3-D skeletal structures. The unique features of the program include: (1) interactive data entry scheme, (2) full-screen data management ability with full cursor control, (3) highlighted single key stroke commands, (4) continuous display of editor commands, (5) well designed screen layout for data entry and management, (6) extensive on-line prompts, (7) extensive checking of invalid input type, (8) fast scrolling through each screen of data, and (9) ability to display the structure configuration.
The program written in turbopascal, may be used with any microcomputer which uses PC-DOS and requires 96 Kb user memory. An ISM-PC color graphics (or equivalent) or monochrome systems may be used.     

La micro-informatique comme aide à la création des cartes géologiques

Computerized geological mapping has been tried and developed mainly in the objective of complete automation of theprocesses of plotting quantitative data on a graphical output. Limited use of these systems exists for the current task of the common work in geological mapping because these systems are not yet in the range of microcomputers and because a good analysis of all of the geological data cannot always be fully automated by a numerical process. This article presents a different approach where a standard microcomputer is used mainly as an assistant in the various stages of the work needed to store, analyze and plot spatially distributed geological data. The graphical interactive analysis on the screen, with powerful tools for drawing and referencing each geological or geotechnical element, facilitates but d?s not automate or replace the role of the geologist. The proposed method follows closely the standard manual approach and is very convenient for the production of maps and cross-sections that serve mainly for graphical analysis of geological or geotechnical data in engineering geology.     

Two stage condensation procedure for free vibration characteristics of framed tube buildings

An efficient two stage condensation procedure for the free vibration characteristics of framed tube buildings is presented. In stage 1, the number of d.o.f. is reduced through constraining for which parabolic shape functions are used. In stage 2, the constraints are gradually relaxed using a Gauss—Seidel iterative technique. The procedure is general and can be used for framed tube buildings having any range of member properties and any mass distribution. The method yields accurate results and requires only a fraction of the CPU time and storage locations needed in the standard method. It can be employed to solve frame tube buildings problems of any practical size on microcomputers as well.     

Microcomputers in Teaching: Steel Design with Spreadsheets

This article presents a method and the results of an innovative self-paced introduction to steel design (according to the Canadian standard CAN3-576. 1M84) for students by describing the use of state-of-the-art spreadsheets (or calcpads) with microcomputers. Spreadsheets are flexible, high-level programming languages with which it is possible not only to program the display and calculation of formulas on a screen, but also to add explanatory text to the programs. A textbook has been developed, consisting of a set of templates, which can be modified, reduced, expanded, and refined according to the requirements of the user. A good academic background in structural analysis and a basic understanding of the particular spreadsheets are necessary. Using a spreadsheet as the basis for a design text has many advantages, the most obvious being the direct hands-on experience the user will receive. Formulas should exist as tools to be applied directly instead of being only read and memorized. Text lines can be deleted or added to satisfy the needs of the user. Self-paced involvement of the reader and clarity of the material are the foundations of the book's approach. When used correctly this text should become a working design tool rather than a dust collector on a bookshelf.     

钢网架超声波探伤与焊缝缺陷的质量分级法

本文介绍了用专门设计的组合探头和试块对螺栓球节点网架焊缝,进行超声波探伤的技术和焊缝缺陷的验收分级法。该技术解决了钢管直径为d48～d159、壁厚3.5～8mm的杆件焊缝检验难题依据,提供了完整依据,也为闻内首次制订钢网架超声波探伤标准奠定了基础。     

奥迪公司汽车展台，法兰克福，德国

奥迪公司的新汽车展台首次用于德国法兰克福的1999年IAA展。它由一个多重曲线的玻璃环构成．周围的彩色灯光和不断变化的电影画面为展台增添了光彩。玻璃墙高6m．长度根据展台的大小从100m-300m不等。玻璃材料采用了打磨的标准安全玻璃，厚度为4mm．由一个编织细密的索网拉住，索网靠拉力被固定在一个由互相交叉的弧形不锈钢管组成的网格结构上。     

江南民间营造尺考察与初探

对历代官方尺长的研究已有一定的学术积累,但对民间传统大木工匠所使用的尺长研究则少有学者涉及。本文以田野调查所得目前正在使用的民间营造尺为基础,通过对现有官方尺研究成果的再梳理,试图从官方尺的发展脉络中寻求营造尺自身的运行轨迹,并对现存营造尺的分布与成因做一次初步的探索。     

An improved technique for estimating mean depth of lakes

We describe a technique for determining mean lake depth utilizing a systematically aligned dot grid. This technique is, on average, 55% faster than the traditional planimeter methods, depending on the type of planimeter and the size and complexity of the lake. No detectable bias is associated with results from this technique compared with those of traditional planimeter methods. The relationship N_D = ⁴√A; where N_D = the number of dots falling within the shoreline of the lake and A = the surface area of the lake in ft², gives a quick estimation of the number of dots that should fall within the shoreline boundary of a lake for optimum sampling.     

城市地下空间导识系统的视觉代码研究

城市地下空间开发利用已越来越受到社会的重视,在结构复杂的地下空间中,定位定向困难问题成了急需解决的主要问题。以地下空间导识系统为研究对象,针对传统的导识系统形式研究的局限性,提出应用视觉代码设计的概念,通过个案研究法研究视觉代码设计对结构复杂的地下空间导识系统的完善和补充,结果表明:通过文字代码、图形代码、色彩代码、造型代码的设置,可以完善地下空间导识系统的完整性和科学性。通过对视觉代码设计的使用,可以促进地下空间的活跃,帮助使用者迅速识别,极大地提高了地下空间的效率。     

CAD建筑制图标准与应用分析

随着AutoCAD软件在工程设计中的应用,全面掌握CAD制图技能,实现标准化、规范化操作是建筑工程图绘制值得关注的问题。了解CAD软件线型库设置,比较分析与我国相关现行规范的差异性,针对常用CAD字型、线型进行探讨,以便更好地与我国现行标准结合。处理好图形与文字、图形与图线的关系,对工程图绘制来说非常重要。     

Graphic Interactive Input System for High-Rise Building Structures in CAD

Abstract: A graphic interactive input system developed for use in computer-aided design (CAD) of high-rise building structures is presented. In this system, the primitive information is input to computer through graphic display. The input object appears on the screen as an image and is directly visible. With the interactive operation, the designer can carry out the input rapidly and efficiently by moving the cursor on the screen, and the graph that represents the information about the structure can be modified easily.
Using multicolor graphics, animated cartoons, multiple windows, and multiple-level menus, autogeneration and autonumbering of the members are performed, and the geometric and loading information can be input conveniently.
In this paper, some basic conceptions and algorithms of graphic input and screen data collection are described.     

垃圾筛分设备回收率,纯度和效率计算

城市生活垃圾处理过程中的各种筛分设备，如振动筛，格筛，滚筒筛等可视作是二进制的分离设备，本文介绍以二进制分离计算垃圾筛扮设备的回收率，纯度和效率，并通过实例说明计算公式的应用。     

CASS土方量计算方格网位置与方向的调整

分析了CASS软件生成格网的规律,得到格网位置与土方计算范围线最小X、Y坐标的关系函数。提出将原始图形旋转和平移,并调整土方范围线的最小X、Y坐标,实现任意调整格网方向与位置的方法,使格网与工程范围的走向一致,与建构筑物的位置关系明确,避免产生大量的不规则格网,也便于土方的复核和检查。     

Simulation of a gravity model

Conclusions Three conclusions have come from this research. First, the elements of the gravity model, its three variables (distance, population and per capita income) and one parameter (), cannot be separated and investigated independently. Secondly, to say more about how the model predicts and the number of grid divisions for a desired accuracy depends on empirical investigation of actual income density gradients.The final conclusion, while tentative and subject to empirical verification is the feeling that perhaps the usefulness of a very fine grid system has been over emphasized. This conclusion in no way obviates concern by location practitioners of grid size as a source of error, but highlights the possibility that the costs associated with smaller grid divisions may be out of proportion to any increase in predictive accuracy which may or may not accrue.Use of the facilities of the Computing Centre at the University of British Columbia is gratefully acknowledged.     

建筑无障碍标识字体量化设计研究

标识是无障碍环境的重要环节,国内关于无障碍标识的字体设计研究仍然比较薄弱。分析研究美国、日本的相关成果,可发现有关无障碍标识汉字设计的实用成果依然缺乏,这也成为本课题的研究方向。考虑影响汉字尺度设计的视距、笔画、视锐度三个最重要参数因素,通过设计开展主观评价实验并统计分析数据,课题得出了建筑无障碍标识汉字字号与以上三个参数的量化关系,形成了适于标识设计实践的成果。     

高层建筑厚板转换层有限元FETP软件包及其应用

高层建筑厚板转换层的结构分析目前仍未得到很好的解决。本文基于Ｍｉｎｄｌｉｎ假设，建立了中厚板八节点等参单元，很好地满足了厚板转换层结构分析的需要。本文应用计算机辅助设计理论及科学计算可视化技术，编制了相应的软件包，在工程应用中取得了满意的结果。该软件包仅需极少量的几何及荷载信息，便可自动生成有限元分析所需的信息。原始数据及生成的有限元网格均用图形显示，以便校核。对计算结果可绘制任一剖面上的位移、内力曲线及整板的位移。内力等值线。     

卓灵楼控系统DDC程序的编写实践

本文简述了英国卓灵楼宇自控系统,并重点介绍了如何运用卓灵楼宇自控系统图形模块化的编程语言软件SET编制楼控系统中的空调机组DDC控制程序,最后对图形模块化的编程语言和字符型编程语言作了简短对比。     

Perceived Air Quality,Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Symptoms and Productivity in an Office with Two Different Pollution Loads

Abstract Perceived air quality, Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) symptoms and productivity were studied in an existing office in which the air pollution level could be modified by introducing or removing a pollution source. This reversible intervention allowed the space to be classified as either non-low-polluting or low-polluting, as specified in the new European design criteria for the indoor environment CEN CR 1752 (1998). The pollution source was a 20-year-old used carpet which was introduced on a rack behind a screen so that it was invisible to the occupants. Five groups of six female subjects each were exposed to the conditions in the office twice, once with the pollution source present and once with the pollution source absent, each exposure being 265 min in the afternoon, one group at a time. They assessed the perceived air quality and SBS symptoms while performing simulated office work. The subject-rated acceptability of the perceived air quality in the office corresponded to 22% dissatisfied when the pollution source was present, and to 15% dissatisfied when the pollution source was absent. In the former condition there was a significantly increased prevalence of headaches (P= 0.04) and significantly lower levels of reported effort (P=0.02) during the text typing and calculation tasks, both of which required a sustained level of concentration. In the text typing task, subjects worked significantly more slowly when the pollution source was present in the office (P=0.003), typing 6.5% less text than when the pollution source was absent from the office. Reducing the pollution load on indoor air proved to be an effective means of improving the comfort, health and productivity of building occupants.