Cyclic electric load forecasting by seasonal SVR with chaotic genetic algorithm

Application of support vector regression (SVR) with chaotic sequence and evolutionary algorithms not only could improve forecasting accuracy performance, but also could effectively avoid converging prematurely (i.e., trapping into a local optimum). However, the tendency of electric load sometimes reveals cyclic changes (such as hourly peak in a working day, weekly peak in a business week, and monthly peak in a demand planned year) due to cyclic economic activities or climate seasonal nature. The applications of SVR model to deal with cyclic electric load forecasting have not been widely explored. This investigation presents a SVR-based electric load forecasting model which applied a novel hybrid algorithm, namely chaotic genetic algorithm (CGA), to improve the forecasting performance. With the increase of the complexity and the larger problem scale of tourism demands, genetic algorithm (GA) is often faced with the problems of premature convergence, slowly reaching the global optimal solution or trapping into a local optimum. The proposed CGA based on the chaos optimization algorithm and GA, which employs internal randomness of chaos iterations, is used to overcome premature local optimum in determining three parameters of a SVR model. A numerical example from an existed reference is used to elucidate the forecasting performance of the proposed SSVRCGA model. The forecasting results indicate that the proposed model yields more accurate forecasting results than ARIMA and TF-ε-SVR-SA models. Therefore, the SSVRCGA model is a promising alternative for electric load forecasting.     

基于 CGA-SVR 的电主轴磨损故障诊断方法研究

电主轴是数控机床的一个重要功能部件,其优劣直接影响着工件质量,对电主轴进行故障诊断可以提高可靠性、降低生 产成本。 因此采用混沌遗传算法(CGA) 优化的支持向量机回归模型( SVR) 进行电主轴故障诊断。 此方法利用主成分分析 (PCA)对电主轴磨损故障振动信号的时、频域特征向量进行降维,将降维后的特征向量输入到经过 CGA 参数优化的 SVR 模型 中并进行训练和测试。 结果表明,使用该模型对电主轴进行故障诊断,其训练和测试的准确率分别达到了 99. 272% 和 95. 249%,可以实现对电主轴磨损故障进行准确诊断。     

Hybrid chaos search genetic algorithm and meta-heuristics method for short-term load forecasting

A hybrid chaos search genetic algorithm (CGA) /fuzzy system (FS), simulated annealing (SA) and neural fuzzy network (NFN) method for load forecasting is presented in this paper. A fuzzy hyper-rectangular composite neural networks (FHRCNNs) was used for the initial load forecasting. Then, we used CGAFS and SA to find the optimal solution of the parameters of the FHRCNNs, instead of back-propagation (BP) (including parameters such as synaptic weights, biases, membership functions, sensitivity factor in membership functions and adjustable synaptic weights). First, the CGAFS generates a set of feasible solution parameters and then puts the solution into the SA. The CGAFS has good global optimal search capabilities, but poor local optimal search capabilities. The SA method on the other hand has good local optimal search capabilities. We combined both methods to try and obtain both advantages, and in doing so eliminate the drawback of the traditional artificial neural networks (ANN) training by BP (where the weights and biases are always trapped into a local optimum, which then leads the solution to sub-optimization). Finally, we used the CGAFS and SA combined with NFN (CGAFSSA–NFN) to see if we could improve the quality of the solution, and if we actually could reduce the error of load forecasting. The proposed CGAFSSA–NFN load forecasting scheme was tested using the data obtained from a sample study, including 1 year, 1 week and 24-h time periods. The proposed scheme was then compared with ANN, evolutionary programming combined with ANN (EP–ANN), genetic algorithm combined with ANN (GA–ANN), and CGAFSSA–NFN. The results demonstrated the accuracy of the proposed load-forecasting scheme.     

A new ARMAX model based on evolutionary algorithm and particle swarm optimization for short-term load forecasting

In this paper, a new ARMAX model based on evolutionary algorithm and particle swarm optimization for short-term load forecasting is proposed. Auto-regressive (AR) and moving average (MA) with exogenous variables (ARMAX) has been widely applied in the load forecasting area. Because of the nonlinear characteristics of the power system loads, the forecasting function has many local optimal points. The traditional method based on gradient searching may be trapped in local optimal points and lead to high error. While, the hybrid method based on evolutionary algorithm and particle swarm optimization can solve this problem more efficiently than the traditional ways. It takes advantage of evolutionary strategy to speed up the convergence of particle swarm optimization (PSO), and applies the crossover operation of genetic algorithm to enhance the global search ability. The new ARMAX model for short-term load forecasting has been tested based on the load data of Eastern China location market, and the results indicate that the proposed approach has achieved good accuracy.     

计及气象因素的用电负荷短期分时分类预测模型与方法

短期负荷预测是电力系统运行和分析的基础,对机组组合、经济调度以及安全校核等具有重要意义。针对地区负荷在小样本情况下预测精度不高的问题,在对某地区负荷数据进行分析并剔除异常数据之后,建立了基于支持向量机回归(support vector regression,SVR)的短期负荷预测模型。为了提高模型的预测性能,采用细菌觅食算法(bacteria foraging optimization algorithm,BFOA)对SVR的参数进行优化,并将温度、湿度和降雨量等气象信息引入预测模型。考虑到负荷与时间点的耦合关系,对每日96个时间点分别进行预测。同时,根据工作日和周末2种不同属性分别建立了基于SVR的负荷预测模型。仿真结果表明,所建立的短期负荷预测模型能够在小样本的情况下以较快的速度获得较高的预测精度。     

Forecasting regional electricity load based on recurrent support vector machines with genetic algorithms

Accompanying deregulation of electricity industry, accurate load forecasting of the future electricity demand has been the most important role in regional or national power system strategy management. Electricity load forecasting is complex to conduct due to its nonlinearity of influenced factors. Support vector machines (SVMs) have been successfully employed to solve nonlinear regression and time series problems. However, the application for load forecasting is rare. In this study, a recurrent support vector machines with genetic algorithms (RSVMG) is proposed to forecast electricity load. In addition, genetic algorithms (GAs) are used to determine free parameters of support vector machines. Subsequently, examples of electricity load data from Taiwan are used to illustrate the performance of proposed RSVMG model. The empirical results reveal that the proposed model outperforms the SVM model, artificial neural network (ANN) model and regression model. Consequently, the RSVMG model provides a promising alternative for forecasting electricity load in power industry.     

基于神经网络的负荷组合预测模型研究

给出了电力系统负荷的变权系数组合预测模型,即基于神经网络的组合预测模型。该模型利用多种方法的预测结果与实际负荷数据的非线性关系,建立相应的神经网络模型。该网络为单输出的三层网络,其中输入层为各种预测方法的预测值,输出层为实际负荷值。文中用变动量因子和变学习率的BP算法对其训练,训练后的网络便具有预测能力。同时,文中对基于遗传算法的固定权系数组合预测模型进行了简要的介绍。对几个实际系统的年、月、时负荷预测表明,该模型具有很高的预测精度。     

基于多种群遗传算法的无功规划

考虑了无功规划中负荷预测水平的不确定性,提出了多种负荷预测方式下综合效果最优的无功规划模型。在用遗传算法求解规划问题时,未成熟收敛现象是不可忽视的问题。该文分析了未成熟收敛现象产生的根本原因,并基于移民和人工选择的遗传算法思想(GAMAS),引入了多种群遗传算法(MPGA),并根据其特点进行了一定的改进,较好地改善了简单遗传算法(SGA)的未成熟收敛现象,提高了算法的全局搜索能力和局部搜索能力。通过实际算例,证明了本算法在寻优有效率和成功寻优的迭代次数方面与SGA相比都有较大地改善。     

现代重工持续发力中国电气市场

新世纪以来,中国电力市场的高速发展为众多国外电气制造企业创造了机会,他们争先恐后地搭上了中国电力市场＂快车＂。如今,中国发电量更是稳居全球之首,其发展潜力不言而喻。不管是＂先来者＂,还是＂后到者＂,国内外电气企业纷纷凭借日新月异的技术,力争在这场中国电力市场发展大潮中＂分一杯羹＂。现代重工（中国）投资有限公司系韩国现代重工集团在中国的全资子公司,成立于2006年5月,总部位于上海。公司在华业务范围涉及工程机     

基于时间序列的支持向量机在负荷预测中的应用

由于负荷预测是不确定、非线性、动态开放性的复杂大系统,传统方法往往难以准确地描述这种复杂的非线性特征,因而无法准确进行负荷预测.作者提出了基于一种基于时间序列的支持向量机(SVM)的负荷预测方法.SVM方法采用结构风险最小化原则(SRM),能够在对小样本学习的基础上,对其它样本进行快速、准确的拟合预测,具有更好的泛化性能和精度,减少了对经验的依赖.时间序列考虑了趋势分量和周期分量,使负荷预测模型更加符合电力负荷特性.将该方法用于实际负荷预测中.和真实值的比较说明所提出的负荷预测方法是可行和有效的.     

Particle swarm optimization-least squares support vector regression based forecasting model on dissolved gases in oil-filled power transformers

This paper presents a forecasting model based upon least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) regression and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm on dissolved gases in oil-filled power transformers. First, the LS-SVM regression model, with radial basis function (RBF) kernel, is established to facilitate the forecasting model. Then a global optimizer, PSO is employed to optimize the hyper-parameters needed in LS-SVM regression. Afterward, a procedure is put forward to serve as an effective tool for forecasting of gas contents in transformer oil. The application of the proposed model on actual transformer gas data has given promising results. Moreover, four other forecasting models, derived from back propagation neural network (BPNN), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), generalized regression neural network (GRNN) and support vector regression (SVR), are selected for comparisons. The experimental results further demonstrate that the proposed model achieves better forecasting performance than its counterparts under the circumstances of limited samples.     

基于小波包分解与循环神经网络的综合能源系统短期负荷预测

文章提出了基于小波包分解(wavelet packet decomposition,WPD)与循环神经网络的电冷热综合能源短期负荷预测方法。利用能够突出负荷细节特征的小波包对电冷热负荷进行频段分解,分析每一频段中电冷热负荷的互相关性。为体现每一频段中电冷热负荷的互相关性对预测结果的影响,将频段中互相关性较强的负荷类型放入同一处理负荷自相关性的循环神经网络模型中进行预测;频段中互相关性较弱的负荷类型则单独进行预测。与直接将电冷热负荷放入同一个循环神经网络进行预测相比,以及与将电冷热负荷通过同一个反向传播神经网络进行预测相比,所提方法考虑了综合能源在不同频段内电冷热负荷的互相关性和电冷热负荷本身的自相关性,能够有效降低负荷预测的平均绝对百分比误差。     

基于改进RBF网络算法的电力系统短期负荷预测

提出了一种交替梯度算法对径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的训练方法进行改进,并将之运用于电力系统短期负荷预测。交替梯度算法通过优化输出层权值和优化RBF函数的中心与标准偏差值来实现。改进的算法与传统梯度下降算法相比,具有更快的收敛速度和更高的预测精度。所构建的负荷预测模型综合考虑了气象、日类型等影响负荷变化的因素,并在预测形式上做了巧妙处理。预测结果表明改进的RBF网络算法具有一定的实用性。     

基于机器学习的短期电力负荷预测方法研究

针对短期电力负荷数据具有明显周期性的特点,将基于机器学习引入到短期电力负荷预测领域,提出一种基于岭回归估计的RBF神经网络短期电力负荷预测方法,该方法利用机器学习算法RBF在非线性拟合方面的优势,结合岭回归对RBF神经网络输出层权值进行参数估计,有效消除输入多重共线性问题,采用广义交叉验证法对构建的模型进行评估,寻找最优岭参数,提高了电力负荷预测精度。通过实际负荷预测案例,与传统BP神经网络负荷预测方法进行比对,验证了提出的电力负荷预测方法较传统方法具有较好的稳定性和较高的预测精度,为电力负荷预测提供了新思路。     

Short-term load forecasting for the holidays using fuzzy linear regression method

Average load forecasting errors for the holidays are much higher than those for weekdays. So far, many studies on the short-term load forecasting have been made to improve the prediction accuracy using various methods such as deterministic, stochastic, artificial neural net (ANN) and neural network-fuzzy methods. In order to reduce the load forecasting error of the 24 hourly loads for the holidays, the concept of fuzzy regression analysis is employed in the short-term load forecasting problem. According to the historical load data, the same type of holiday showed a similar trend of load profile as in previous years. The fuzzy linear regression model is made from the load data of the previous three years and the coefficients of the model are found by solving the mixed linear programming problem. The proposed algorithm shows good accuracy, and the average maximum percentage error is 3.57% in the load forecasting of the holidays for the years of 1996-1997.     

基于支持向量机的电力系统短期负荷预测

对将径向基函数(Radial Base Function,RBF)作为核函数的支持向量机(Supporr Vector Machine,SVM)方法应用于短期负荷预测进行了研究.作者使用基于SVM的回归估计算法建立了回归估计函数表达式,给出了SVM网络结构;采用江苏省某市的实际负荷数据,按照不同的负荷日属性和历史负荷数据进行样本选择,使用LIBSVM算法和适当的核函数进行了负荷预测,并将该预测结果同由时间序列及BP神经网络方法得到的预测结果进行了比较,结果表明,所提出的预测方法有较高的精度.     

基于混合算法的短期负荷预测模糊建模

结合最小二乘（LS）辨识以及一种基于进化规划（EP）和粒子群优化（PSO）的混合进化算法EPPSO,针对对温度比较敏感的夏季负荷,提出一种3阶段短期负荷预测（STLF）算法。在第1阶段,应用LS设计模糊基函数网络（FBFN）完成STLF模糊空间划分;第2阶段,首先拓展FBFN成一阶Sugeno模糊模型,然后应用EPPSO调节其前件参数同时训练后件参数,最后将前述模型用于STLF得出的预测误差看做一个新的时间序列,并仅用气象因素对其进行辨识,可以用回归模型表示该辨识模型,进而应用LS进行辨识。文中提出的STLF模糊建模策略主要贡献于受气象因素影响较大的夏季负荷。仿真部分对浙江省电力公司的实际负荷进行了预测,与其他方法的比较结果证明该方法具有良好的预测性能。     

基于负荷混沌特性和最小二乘支持向量机的短期负荷预测

以负荷时间序列的混沌特性为基础,结合混沌时间序列的相空间重构理论和支持向量机的回归理论建立了一种基于负荷混沌特性和最小二乘支持向量机的短期负荷预测模型。首先将原始负荷数据进行相空间重构,形成相点序列,然后选择与当前相点最邻近的相点作为此负荷预测模型的训练样本,经过训练寻求决策函数后就可以求出包含预测点的相点,最后还原此相点得出预测值。通过与BP神经网络的预测结果进行比较,证明了该模型在短期负荷预测中的有效性。     

A real-time short-term load forecasting system using functionallink network

This paper presents a new functional-link network based short-term electric load forecasting system for real-time implementation. The load and weather parameters are modelled as a nonlinear ARMA process and parameters of this model are obtained using the functional approximation capabilities of an auto-enhanced functional link net. The adaptive mechanism with a nonlinear learning rule is used to train the link network on-line. The results indicate that the functional link net based load forecasting system produces robust and more accurate load forecasts in comparison to simple adaptive neural network or statistical based approaches. Testing the algorithm with load and weather data for a period of two years reveals satisfactory performance with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) mostly less than 2% for a 24-hour ahead forecast and less than 2.5% for a 168-hour ahead forecast     

基于PNN/PCA/SS-SVR的光伏发电功率短期预测方法

光伏发电功率预测对太阳能开发利用、电网稳定安全运行具有重要意义。提出一种融合了概率神经网络(PNN)、主成分分析法(PCA)、分散搜索(SS)和支持向量机回归(SVR)的光伏输出功率预测模型。首先结合天气信息通过PNN将天气划分为晴、多云、阴、雨4种类型,然后在每种天气类型下,利用PCA对影响光伏出力的多个气象因素,如太阳辐射强度、温度和相对湿度等进行降维、转换成少数几个主成分作为输入向量,最后建立SS算法优化SVR的光伏发电功率短期预测模型。结果表明,该模型实现了对不同天气类型下的光伏出力较为精准的预测,具有一定的可行性及指导意义。