Al粉、Si粉对低碳Al2O3-C滑板显微结构和高温力学性能的影响

为了改善低碳Al2O3-C滑板的高温力学性能,在质量分数65%的电熔白刚玉颗粒、25%的白刚玉细粉、6%活性α-Al2O3粉、4%的石墨+炭黑、外加4%酚醛树脂的滑板配料中,分别以3%(w)的Al粉或Si粉或3%(w)Al粉+3%(w)Si粉等量替代白刚玉细粉,混匀后在150 MPa下压制成140 mm×25 mm×25 mm的试样,经200℃24 h干燥,1 400℃埋焦炭处理3 h后,检测其高温抗折强度和抗热震性,并分析物相组成及显微结构。结果表明:单加Al粉的试样高温抗折强度高于单加Si粉的,但前者热震后残余抗折强度比后者低;与单加Al粉或Si粉的试样相比,同时加Al粉和Si粉的试样具有更高的高温抗折强度和更优的抗热震性。力学性能的变化与试样中原位生成的非氧化物相密切相关:在单加Al粉或Si粉的试样中分别有棒状AlN晶须或纤维状SiC晶须生成;而同时加Al粉和Si粉的试样中除了有AlN晶须和SiC晶须生成外,还原位生成了六角板状的SiAlON相,并相互交织在一起。     

Al和Al-Si加入量对Al2O3-C材料高温性能的影响

在板状刚玉颗粒、板状刚玉细粉、α-Al2O3微粉和石墨含量(质量分数,下同)分别为65%、27%、6%和2%的Al2O3-C材料中,分别以5%、8%和11%的Al粉或Al-Si复合粉(8%Al 1.5%Si和8%Al 3%Si)替代等量的板状刚玉细粉,外加3.5%的热固性树脂混练均匀,成型后于800℃埋炭热处理3h。在埋炭条件下检测试样400~1400℃的热态抗折强度、200~1400℃的应力-应变、常温~1500℃的热膨胀率以及试样的抗热震性和抗氧化性,并对部分试样进行了XRD、SEM和EDS分析。结果表明(1)随着温度的升高,试样的热态抗折强度表现出先降低,后快速升高,最后慢速升高的变化趋势;温度≥1000℃时,试样的热态抗折强度随Al粉加入量的增多而提高;在加入Si粉后,试样的热态抗折强度进一步提高。(2)试样在低温时即产生塑性变形,一直到1400℃仍处于塑性变形阶段。(3)试样的抗热震性随Al粉加入量的增多而提高,在加入Si粉后继续小幅提高。(4)试样的抗氧化性随Al粉加入量的增加而提高,加入Si粉后由于形成致密的氧化层结构,抗氧化性进一步提高。     

ZrB_2对Al-Si复合Al_2O_3-C材料高温力学性能的影响

以板状刚玉、α-Al2O3微粉、Al粉、Si粉、ZrB2和石墨为原料,酚醛树脂为结合剂,采用150 MPa压力压制成25 mm×25 mm×145 mm的试样。研究ZrB2加入量(其质量分数分别为0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%)对Al-Si复合Al2O3-C材料高温抗折强度和抗热震性的影响,并分析了试样物相组成和显微结构的变化。结果表明:(1)加入ZrB2质量分数≥1%时,可明显提高200℃烘烤和700℃热处理后试样的高温抗折强度和抗热震性;加入ZrB2对1 500℃烧后试样的高温抗折强度和抗热震性影响不大。(2)加入ZrB2后AlN和SiC生成量明显增加,晶体发育良好,形成连续交叉连锁的网络结构,对材料增强、增韧作用显著,有利于提高材料的高温强度和抗热震性。     

Al/Si复合粉包覆改性刚玉颗粒对Al2O3-C材料性能的影响

首先，以3～1 mm的板状刚玉颗粒，Al粉、Si粉质量比分别为4∶0、3∶1、2∶2的Al/Si复合粉，以及酚醛树脂-乙二醇混合液为原料，通过搅拌、180℃烘烤、解体制成Al/Si复合粉包覆改性板状刚玉颗粒。然后，按常规工艺制备Al₂O₃-C试样，检测试样的常温和高温性能，分析试样的物相组成和显微结构。结果表明：1)在Al₂O₃-C材料中加入Al/Si复合粉包覆改性刚玉颗粒，可提高材料的致密度、常温强度、高温强度、抗热震性和抗氧化性；Al/Si复合粉中Al粉、Si粉的质量比以3∶1最佳。2)改性板状刚玉颗粒表面的Al粉和Si粉填充在颗粒表面的凹陷处，提高了试样的成型致密度以及烘烤后和埋炭热处理后试样的致密度、强度和抗氧化性；高温埋炭热处理后，这些Al粉和Si粉反应生成AlN、Al₄C₃、SiC等非氧化物，增强了改性刚玉颗粒与基质的结合，提高了试样的抗热震性和强度。     

六方氮化硼复合氧化铝耐火材料的性能研究

以粒度为3~1和≤1 mm的板状刚玉为骨料,板状刚玉细粉、α-Al2O3微粉和Si粉为细粉,分别添加质量分数为3%的六方氮化硼、3%和10%的鳞片石墨制备了Al2O3-BN和低碳、高碳Al2O3-C三种试样,并对比了其常温物理性能、高温强度、抗氧化性、抗热震性和抗渣侵蚀性。结果表明:1)Al2O3-BN耐火材料的常温、高温物理性能与低碳铝碳材料相差不大,并优于传统高碳铝碳材料;2)Al2O3-BN耐火材料具有比碳复合耐火材料更好的抗热震性和抗氧化性,抗渣性与低碳铝碳材料的相当;3)考虑到材料的整体性能,六方氮化硼可以替代石墨作为原料,用于制备综合性能优异的氧化铝质复合耐火材料。     

加入Si,Si/Al对高碳Al2O3-C材料抗热震性的影响

以电熔白刚玉、熔融石英(粒度≤0.5 mm)为骨料,鳞片石墨(粒度≤0.15 mm)、电熔白刚玉粉(粒度≤0.088mm≤0.045 mm)、Si粉(粒度≤0.074 mm)、Al粉(粒度≤0.088 mm)为基质,热固性酚醛树脂作结合剂,压制成25 mm×25 mm×125 mm的试样,经200℃固化24 h后,在埋炭条件下经1200℃下保温3 h制成碳含量为30%的高碳Al2O3-C材料.分别用5%、10%、15%、20%的Si粉替代高碳Al2O3-C材料中的石墨研究其对试样抗热震性的影响;根据Si粉替代石墨的结果又研究了不同比例Si/Al粉(总量10%)替代石墨后对试样抗热震性的影响,并用SEM和XRD分析热震后试样的显微结构和物相组成.结果表明:(1)Si替代石墨量在5%～10%之间,试样的抗热震性基本保持不变,替代量大于10%以后试样的抗热震性下降.(2)Si/Al替代石墨量为10%时,改变Si/Al比例对试样抗热震性的影响不大.(3)适量Si,Si/Al基本保持Al2O-C材料抗热震性的原因是原位生成非氧化物.     

Al2O3-SiC复相粉对Al2O3-SiC-C材料性能的影响

以电熔白刚玉(3～1、≤1、≤0.044 mm)、Al2O3-SiC复相粉(d50≤5μm)、α-Al2O3微粉(d50=1.2μm)、SiC粉(≤0.044 mm)、鳞片石墨(≤0.088 mm)、Si粉(d50=42.8μm)和B4C(d50≤10μm)为主要原料,热固酚醛树脂为结合剂,研究了分别用4%、8%、12%、16%质量分数的Al2O3-SiC复相粉等比例取代α-Al2O3微粉和SiC细粉对Al2O3-SiC-C试样在180℃固化后和1 000、1 500℃埋焦炭热处理后的显气孔率、体积密度、常温抗折强度、常温耐压强度、高温抗折强度(1 400℃)、抗热震性(1 100℃,水冷)以及抗氧化性(1 000、1 500℃)的影响。结果表明:随Al2O3-SiC复相粉加入量的增加,试样经180℃固化后常温性能下降,1 000℃热处理后常温性能变化不大,1 500℃热处理后除耐压强度显著提高外,其余各项常温性能变化不大;而高温抗折强度下降,抗热震性明显提高,试样经1 500℃氧化后的抗氧化性以加入4%质量分数复相粉的最佳。其原因可能是由于该复相粉的粒度更细,反应活性更高,其氧化层中更易生成莫来石,形成表面致密层从而有效地阻碍氧气向材料内部扩散。     

Si粉氮化法合成Si3N4-SiC材料

以SiC、Si粉和Al2O3微粉为主要原料,羧甲基纤维素(CMC)为临时结合剂,采用氮化反应烧结法合成了Si3N4-SiC材料,主要研究了Si粉的粒度(≤0.074、≤0.044 mm)和加入量(质量分数分别为15%、17%、19%、21%)、烧成温度(分别为1 380、1 400、1 420、1 430、1 440、1 460和1 480℃)、Al2O3微粉添加量(质量分数分别为0、1%、2%、3%、4%,取代相应量的SiC粉)对Si3N4-SiC材料的显气孔率、体积密度、常温耐压强度、常温抗折强度、高温抗折强度及Si3N4含量的影响。结果表明:1)采用粒度较细Si粉的试样具有较高的致密度、常温强度、高温抗折强度和Si3N4含量;随着Si粉加入量的增加,试样的致密度略有增大但变化不大,常温强度和Si3N4含量逐渐增大,而高温抗折强度先增大后减小;2)适当提高烧成温度会明显改善Si3N4-SiC材料的高温抗折强度,但当温度超过1 440℃反而略有下降;3)添加Al2O3微粉对烧后试样的致密度、常温强度和高温抗折强度有益。综合来看,Si粉的适宜添加量(质量分数)为17%,较适宜的烧成温度为1 420～1 440℃,Al2O3微粉的适宜添加质量分数为2%。     

ZrO2对Al2TiO5-板状刚玉复合材料性能的影响

以α-Al2O3微粉、板状刚玉和TiO2为主要原料,添加不同含量的ZrO2,通过高温烧成以固相反应直接合成Al2TiO5-板状刚玉-ZrO2复合材料,研究了ZrO2含量对复合材料的烧结收缩率、显气孔率、强度等的影响。结果表明:添加ZrO2的复相材料的收缩率和体积密度明显增加。ZrO2含量为4%时,可以制备出高致密度高强度的Al2TiO5-板状刚玉-ZrO2复合材料,其显气孔率为9.31%,抗折强度为25.6MPa,抗压强度为225MPa。     

α-Al2O3含量对刚玉-莫来石材料物理性能的影响

以电熔莫来石、板状刚玉为骨料,加入不同量α-Al2O3细粉,在1600℃保温3 h烧成。检测了试样的体积密度、显气孔率、抗折强度、抗热震性,并结合X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和EDAX分析了试样的显微结构。结果表明,试样在经过1600℃烧成后,随着α-Al2O3微粉含量的提高,试样体积密度和高温抗折强度呈先升高后降低的趋势,耐压强度逐渐降低;α-Al2O3微粉含量为8%的刚玉-莫来石材料,经1600℃烧成后α-Al2O3颗粒长大,分布均匀,结合紧密,形成连续的交错网络骨架结构,具有较好的物理性能。     

铝型材仿不锈钢电解着色工艺

采用二步电解着色法在铝型材上获得色泽均匀的仿不锈钢色，性能测试结果表明该着色膜具有良好的耐磨耐蚀性。     

Al2O歧化法制备微细Al2O3/Al复合粉体

真空条件下,以Al2O3和Al为原料,通过Al2O歧化法制备微细Al2O3/Al复合粉体.XRD和SEM分析表明:在反应温度为1200～1400℃时,随着温度的升高,粉体中氧化铝含量升高;冷凝温度约为550～750℃时,复合粉体中的氧化铝包括稳定晶型和不稳定晶型;冷凝温度约为1100～1300℃时,复合粉体中的氧化铝全部为稳定晶型;冷凝温度约为550～650℃时,复合粉体的平均粒径小于0.5μm;冷凝温度约为750℃时,铝熔化、微粒团聚;冷凝温度约为1100～1200℃时,铝形成铝珠,氧化铝为不规则状、平均粒径小于2μm;冷凝温度约为1300℃时,氧化铝为片状.因此,通过选取合适的反应温度、冷凝温度,可以控制Al2O3/Al复合粉体中氧化铝的含量、晶型和粒径.     

Combustion of Al–Al2O3 mixtures in air

An experimental study on the aluminum oxynitride and aluminum nitride formation by combustion of mixtures of micron-sized aluminum powder (average particle diameter a_s ∼9.0 μm) and alumina nanopowder (a_s ∼0.05 μm) of the fixed mass (∼10 g) and different mass ratios (Al/γ-Al₂O₃ = 0.1–19.0) in air is reported. The formation of aluminum oxynitride (Al₃O₃N) and aluminum nitride during the combustion of powdery aluminum-based mixtures in air is discussed in this study. The combustion synthesis of Al₃O₃N and AlN was carried out in self-sustaining way. XPS-FESEM, XRD and chemical analysis were executed on final products of synthesis. The combustion process was also recorded by a video-camera. It was found that powdery mixtures, ignited by local heating, burned in one- or two-stage self-propagating regime. The combustion regime is different for different initial mass ratios Al/γ-Al₂O₃ and mainly depends on the content of fuel (aluminum powder) in mixture.     

Electrochemical analysis of zincate treatments for Al and Al alloy films

Electrochemical behavior of Al and Al alloy films in zincate solution was investigated to elucidate the effect of the zincate pretreatment for electroless NiP deposition, which is used for under bump metallization for LSI interconnects. The immersion potential for AlCu and AlSiCu, immediately reached to constant, which was almost equal potential to zinc reference electrode. The corrosion current for the AlCu and AlSiCu films was larger than that of the Al and AlSi films in the zincate solution. It was also confirmed that the deposited Zn at the surface of AlCu and AlSiCu films possessed smaller grain size and larger amount of nucleation, resulted in the formation of flat NiP films.     

Corrosion rates and negative difference effects for Al and some Al alloys

The rotating disc-ring technique with a Pt ring was used to quantitatively detect hydrogen evolved on an Al-disc electrode during spontaneous corrosion at open-circuit potential or during anodic polarization of an Al disc to study the unusual increase of H2 evolution with increase in anodic current (the so called negative difference effect). Experiments were made with high purity Al (99.999%), technical grade Al (99.5%) (Al–T) and Al–In alloy (0.074% In) in deaerated 0.5m aqueous NaCl solution (pH6.5) and NaCl solutions acidified with HCl to pH values of 3.0, 2.0 and 1.0. It was shown, in neutral solutions, that the corrosion rates of all three materials are controlled by the rate of water molecule dissociation or in more acid solutions, by the combined water molecule dissociation rate and H+ ion discharge rate. The corrosion rates of all three materials in the range of 3–10Acm2, was the lowest for 99.999% Al. The impurities in Al–T and Al–In increase the hydrogen evolution rate at cathodic polarizations in a similar manner, but very differently affect the negative difference effect. High purity Al and Al–T have a similar negative difference effect (8–15%), while the presence of In decreases it to only about 1%. No pitting and no negative difference effect were observed at potentials more negative than Epit. Therefore, the negative difference effect is connected with the anodic pitting dissolution mechanism. Several aspects of this problem are discussed in more detail.     

铝材化学氧化

近年来随着我国电子通讯工业的发展 ,铝及其合金的表面加工量也随之增加 ,铝材产品需要进行化学氧化 (其中很多为导电氧化 )。同时对质量要求也越来越高。我们想通过近三年来在铝化学氧化中的情况和生产经验作一个总结 ,供电镀界同仁互相探讨 ,共同提高。众所周知 ,铝化学氧化是指在一定的温度下 ,使铝表面与溶液通过化学作用 ,形成一层致密氧化膜。化学氧化按其溶液的性质又可分为碱性和酸性两类。我厂采用酸性氧化液进行化学氧化。1　工艺流程化学除油碱腐蚀 (去氧化皮 )清洗双酸出光清洗化学氧化清洗浸热水 (5 0～ 6 0℃ )冷风或热风吹干…     

Phase formation in Al2O3-C refractories with Al addition

Depending on the recipe and the firing conditions, several non-oxides can be formed in Al₂O₃-C refractories. In this paper, the effect of the purity of the recipe components on the phase formation in Al₂O₃-C refractories with Al addition was investigated. Two test series were sintered from 800 °C to 1600 °C under air embedded in coke breeze. One test series was with brown fused alumina, and the other was with tabular alumina. At temperatures of up to 1200 °C the phase formation was the same for both recipes. For temperatures greater than 1400 °C, the impurities of brown fused alumina enhanced the formation of a polytype, while Al₄O₄C and Al₂₈O₂₁C₆N₆ were formed in the other series. The findings explain the occurrence of several non-oxides in disequilibrium at the chosen temperatures. The occurrence of Al₄C₃ was of particular interest due to its low hydration resistance. It was formed at 1200 °C.     

Al4C3 Hydration Thermochemical Analysis for Burned Carbon-Containing Refractories with Al

In this paper,X-ray diffractogram analysis and SEM observation of Al4C3 formed at high temperature from carbon-containing refractories with Al have been carried out.Aluminum added to carbon-containing refractories reacts with C(s) to form Al4C3(s) gradually during heating from 600℃ to 1200℃，It is considered that the interlocked structure of Al4C3 plate crystals promotes the outstanding increase of hot modulus of rupture of carbon-containing refractories with Al.The HMOR of carbon-contatining refractories with Al.The HMOR of carbon-containing refractories added with Al additive from 0 to 5wt% increases by 2.8 times being from 6.5MPa to 18.2MPa.After a thermochemical Calculation for hydration reaction Processes of Al4C3 and H2O(g),the equilibrium partial pressure chart of H2O(2)in H2O-Al4C3-Al(OH)3 system vs various temperatures has been attained.The H2O(g) partial pressure in the air needed for the Al4C3 hydration reaction is no more than 10-18 atm at the temperature below 120℃。It is considered that the temperature below 120℃. It is considered that the burned carbon-containing refractories with Al is extremely easy to hydrate and the cracking of buurned carbon-containing refractories is generated because that the hydration expansion is 2.11 times during transforming from Al4C3 to Al(OH)3.The fundamental measure against hydration of the refractories is to insulate the refractories from H2O(g) by various means such as pitch impregnatiion or other sealing materials.     

Electrochemical Behaviour of Al, Al—In and Al–Ga–In Alloys in Chloride Solutions Containing Zinc Ions

The electrochemical behaviour of Al, Al—In and Al–Ga–In alloys in 0.6 m NaCl solutions with and without Zn²⁺ was investigated. The study was performed by means of open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, potentiostatic current-time and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements as well as by SEM-EDAX examination. It was found that the Al—In alloy exhibits the highest negative open circuit potential in 0.6 m NaCl and the corrosion resistance of the tested electrodes decreases in the following order: Al > Al–Ga–In > Al—In. The greater activity of the Al—In alloy was interpreted on the basis of the autocatalytic attack by indium. The potentiostatic current–time measurements in Zn²⁺ containing electrolyte at potentials above the pitting potential revealed that Zn²⁺ has an insignificant influence on the Al electrode, while it enhances the corrosion of the Al–Ga–In alloy and improves the attack morphology of the Al—In alloy. Furthermore, the impedance spectra recorded under open circuit conditions showed a decrease in the polarization resistance of Al—In and Al–Ga–In alloys in presence of Zn²⁺ indicating the activating effect of Zn²⁺ ions.     

Direct-bonded Al/Al2O3 using a transient eutectic liquid phase

Directed bonding with Al and Al₂O₃ was achieved using a transient liquid phase (TLP) method after annealing at the low melting point of Al, which deposited Ni, Cu, Ge, and Si on the Al₂O₃ substrate. Al/Al₂O₃ microstructures were evaluated using a scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. A reaction layer was absent at the Al/Al₂O₃ interface, and all deposited metal films dissolved into the Al foil and reacted with Al to form an eutectic liquid phase near the interface to wet and join with the Al₂O₃. Al₉Fe₂ and Al₃Fe intermetallic compounds were formed in the Al substrate because of Fe precipitation, which is an impurity of Al foil, and the reaction with Al at the grain boundaries of Al. The bonding area percentage, shear strength, and thermal conductivity for Al and Al₂O₃ were assessed using scanning acoustic tomography (SAT), the ISO 13 124 shear strength test, and the laser flash method, respectively. The Al/Al₂O₃ specimen deposited with the Ni film had the highest shear strength (33.74 MPa), thermal conductivity (42.3 W/mK), and bonding area percentage (96.78%). The Al/Al₂O₃ specimens deposited with Ge and Si exhibited relatively poor bonding because of the oxidation of Ge and Si at the surface of Al₂O₃ before bonding with Al.