钢筋混凝土梁-墙直交节点弯矩传递比例分析

要深入了解梁-墙平面外连接节点的受力性能,特别是发生拉脱破坏的原因,需要明确平面外弯矩在剪力墙临界截面上引起的弯矩和扭矩的传递比例。通过有限元计算,对影响剪力墙截面力分布和节点弯矩传递比例的主要因素,如梁、墙截面尺寸以及边界条件等进行了参数分析;在此基础上,利用简化模型推导了节点弯矩传递比例的理论计算公式,并进行了数值拟合;通过与分析结果和ACI无梁楼盖相关计算公式的对比发现,ACI公式明显低估了抗弯条带的弯矩传递比例。     

Behavior of thick-walled CHS X-joints under cyclic out-of-plane bending

This paper deals with experimental investigations to study the seismic behavior of thick-walled circular hollow section (CHS) X-joints subjected to out-of-plane bending (OPB). Important geometric parameters were varied in designing three full-scale joint specimens in order to evaluate their effect on connection behavior. Test results indicated that the failure modes and the connection efficiency of these joints significantly depended on the brace-to-chord thickness ratio τ and the brace-to-chord diameter ratio β. The tension fracture was identified as a critical failure mode for thick-walled X-joints with large β. CHS X-joints with larger β ratio were found to demonstrate better connection ductility and more satisfactory energy dissipating capacity than those joints with smaller β ratio under cyclic OPB loading. This observation was further verified by the proposed simplified analytical model results. Finite element (FE) analyses were performed to simulate the experimental behavior and facilitate the interpretation of the important test observations.     

Study on fatigue crack propagation of a through-thickness crack subjected to out-of-plane bending

In Japan, fatigue through-thickness cracks have been reported in some steel bridges. Some of the cracks originate due to the effects of out-of-plane bending. In order to perform more efficient maintenance to prevent fatigue damages, it is essential to identify the crack propagation behavior of through-thickness cracks due to stress resulting from out-of-plane bending. The stress intensity factor for through-thickness cracks resulting from bending is an important factor for the assessment crack propagation behavior and has previously been determined by making the assumption that the crack front shape is straight in the thickness direction. However, the actual crack front is curved under the stresses of out-of-plane bending. In this paper, in order to identify the propagation behavior of through-thickness cracking due to out-of-plane bending, a fatigue test on through-thickness cracked plate was carried out. Furthermore, the stress intensity factor along curved crack front was investigated via finite element analysis on a test specimen.     

X形圆钢管相贯节点平面外受弯滞回模型研究

采用数值分析方法对X形圆钢管相贯节点的平面外受弯滞回模型进行研究。针对影响节点性能的主要几何参数,建立206个已校验的有限元模型进行参数分析,通过多元回归技术得出基于Menegotto-Pinto方程的节点平面外弯矩-转角曲线方程,以及平面外受弯滞回模型,经比较,与数值分析结果吻合较好。通过一个单层网格结构算例,验证了滞回模型的准确性和有效性。     

Seismic behaviour of square CFT beam-columns under biaxial bending moment

This paper investigates the behaviour of square concrete-filled steel tubular (CFT) beam-columns subjected to biaxial moment. Nine tests on beam-columns are reported here under a combined loading of constant axial load and cyclic lateral load applied at varying angles to the axis of the cross-section, referred to as ‘diagonal’ loading. The specimens were prepared in order to evaluate the influence of different parameters on the overall structural response, their ductility and their energy dissipation ability; the parameters included the effects of axial load ratio, width-to-thickness ratio, concrete compressive strength, slenderness ratio and load angle on the moment strength. The experimental results indicate that the ductility and energy dissipation ability of biaxially loaded square CFT columns decrease with increasing the axial load ratio. Their ductility and energy dissipation ability was also observed to decrease as the concrete compressive strength increased while the ductility was barely affected by the load angle. An increase in the load angle of biaxially bent square CFT beam-columns led to a slight decrease of the moment strength. Both EC4 and AIJ code provisions were shown to predict with reasonable accuracy the moment strength capacity observed in the tests, while the ACI-predicted moment strength gave to slightly conservative values. On the other hand, the LRFD code provisions greatly underestimated their moment strength.     

Damaged RC beams repaired by bonding of CFRP laminates

This paper summarizes the results of experimental studies on damaged reinforced concrete beams repaired by external bonding of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminates to the tensile face of the beam. Two sets of beams were tested in this study: control beams (without CFRP laminates) and damaged and then repaired beams with different amounts of CFRP laminates by varying different parameters (damage degree, CFRP laminate width, concrete strength class). All beams were tested in four-point bending over a span of 1800 mm. The tests were carried out under displacement control. The most investigated parameter in this experimental study is damage degree (ratio between pre-cracked load and load capacity of control beam). Repairing damaged RC beams with externally bonded CFRP laminates were successful for different degrees of damage. The observed failure modes were peeling off and interfacial debonding. These failure modes depend only on the laminate width.The results indicate that the load capacity and the rigidity of repaired beams were significantly higher then those of control beam for all tested damage degrees. The authors remarked that for a load capacity improvement, reinforcement with a CFRP having about a half width of the beam is satisfactory. Finally, the contribution of CFRP laminates on the load capacity and rigidity of repaired RC beams is significant for any concrete strength class.     

变温度场下CFRP布加固工字钢梁疲劳性能研究

为研究湿热环境下CFRP布加固工字钢梁的加固效果,采用有限元软件ABAQUS进行了变温度场下未加固、一层、三层和五层CFRP布加固工字钢梁的数值模拟,得到了工字钢梁的荷载-温度曲线和疲劳寿命-温度曲线,建立了CFRP布加固工字钢梁的疲劳寿命预测模型.结果 表明,CFRP布加固工字钢梁的承载力和疲劳性能受温度的影响,一层...     

Prediction of the fatigue life of slender web plates using fracture mechanics concepts

The results of a series of fatigue tests, on slender plate girders subjected to repeated shear loading, are summarised and used to establish a lower bound fatigue strength curve for the welded web boundary, based on geometric or principal surface stress ranges. The propagation of a semi-elliptical surface crack, through the thickness of a plate, is studied using fracture mechanics concepts. An extensive parametric study indicates that the initial crack size and aspect ratio, the geometric stress concentration at the weld toe, and the plate thickness, all have a significant influence on fatigue strength. It is concluded that the fracture mechanics approach requires specification of a number of parameters which are difficult to determine in practice. However, having specified a realistic crack size and aspect ratio and an approximate stress concentration at the weld toe, the solution can be calibrated against available experimental fatigue strength curves.     

沉管隧道接头水平压弯数值模拟研究

以红谷隧道为例,通过有限元软件建立精细化的沉管隧道管节及接头的力学模型,研究分析了接头在水平压弯情况下的力学性能,结果表明:接头转角随弯矩的增大而增大,随轴向压力的增大而减小;接头水平抗弯刚度随轴压力的增加而增大。     

Coupled instability of thin-walled members under combined bending moment, axial and shear force

In this paper we analyse the behaviour of thin-walled steel members with an I-shaped cross-section, in the presence of phenomena of coupled instability as overall-local type and combined state of stress of bending moment, axial and shear force. The analysis has been made by the ‘column model method’ and it has been used for bending moment-curvature-axial force diagrams, modified by the presence of local instability for web buckling of steel beams.

The previous analysis allows one to define interaction diagrams M_Imax−λ−N, which can be used to check the steel members in relation to the overall slenderness and the local slenderness of the web panel.     

Ultimate strain of stiffened steel box sections under bending moment and axial force fluctuations

The influence of axial force fluctuations on the ductility of short steel cylinders has been previously reported by the authors, together with a proposal for a design formula that takes this influence into account. The present paper describes a similar investigation for stiffened short steel box columns. Elastoplastic large-displacement analysis of parametric short steel box columns is carried out and the bending behavior under constant and fluctuating axial forces is compared. The maximum value of axial force fluctuation is taken to be the same as the axial force magnitude in the constant axial force case. It is found that ductile capacity corresponding to the post-peak region of the bending behavior is improved to different degrees depending on the magnitude and amount of fluctuation of the axial force, a finding that is similar to that for short steel cylinders. Design formulae for failure strain taking this improvement into account are proposed for two different limit states and their validity is demonstrated through numerical analysis.     

Buckling of simply supported rectangular plates under combined bending and compression using eigensensitivity analysis

In this paper, an approximate quadratic closed-form expression is presented for the critical buckling analysis of a plate subjected to combined bending and compression. The formula is developed by expanding the eigenvalue, the critical buckling load, for a plate under combined bending and compression in a Mauclaurin's series about a plate subjected only to compression. The general expression can be used for all combinations of simply supported and clamped rectangular plates boundary conditions. An explicit formula in terms of the plate aspect ratio R and plate load parameter α is evaluated for simply supported plates. Compared with the Rayleigh–Ritz method, this approximate expression provides an excellent comparison when the load parameter α1.52 for plate aspect ratio between 0.2R2.8.     

FEM analysis of conventional and square bird-beak SHS joint subject to in-plane bending moment — experimental study

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of square hollow section joints subject to in-plane bending moment. A theoretical model of an X-type traditional joint and the same one with the chord rotated through 45^° about its longitudinal axis is considered. Models are analysed with the Finite Element Method and the results are compared with those obtained from the experimental study. The geometry, the material and the overall parameters concerned are in agreement with the general requirements of the EC3. A classification of joints due to their stiffness and M-φ diagram is examined according to the last CIDECT guide No. 9 and Part 1.8 of EC3. The results showed that EC3 underestimates the design resistance of the conventional joints about 50%-70% and joints with β→0.5 according to the rotational stiffness are classified almost as pinned while those with β→1.0 react as semi-rigid connections.Chord orientation showed that has a very important effect in joints with β<0.85 and increases their strength up to double when β→0.50. In this same area for ratio β, connections react as rigid while for β→1.0 they have strength almost equal to the conventional ones and behave as semi-rigid connections.     

CFRP加固钢筋混凝土桥梁柱节点的试验研究

对5个碳纤维加固钢筋混凝土斜腿钢架桥节点试件和1个对比试件进行了试验研究,试验分析表明,在加固以后,与裂缝斜交的碳纤维起着与箍筋类似的抗剪作用,节点的强度和变形能力有了明显的提高,同时在节点受弯部位粘贴的碳纤维与其相对应处的受弯钢筋相比,承受了较大的应力和应变。     

随机变幅疲劳荷载下预应力混凝土梁疲劳寿命的试验研究

基于实测的钢筋混凝土吊车梁疲劳荷载谱,经过适当的简化得到试验用随机变幅疲劳荷载谱,并通过MTS疲劳试验机实现了该随机变幅疲劳荷载谱作用下部分预应力混凝土梁的疲劳试验。试验结果表明,由随机变幅疲劳试验得出的构件疲劳寿命远低于由疲劳荷载上限值取为荷载谱均值的等幅疲劳试验得出的疲劳寿命,因此如果采用后者的试验结果去估算实际服役中的预应力混凝土构件的疲劳寿命是非常危险的。然后分别利用Miner准则、相对Miner准则和Corten-Dolan累积损伤准则对承受随机变幅疲劳荷载作用的试件疲劳寿命进行了估算。计算结果表明,改进的Corten-Dolan累积损伤准则精度最高,相对Miner准则也具有较高的精度,Miner准则的精度最低且偏于不安全。建议对预应力混凝土受弯构件进行随机变幅疲劳分析时采用改进的Corten-Dolan累积损伤准则或相对Miner准则。     

碳纤维布加固T形梁抗弯试验及有限元分析

本文在碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土T形梁抗弯试验的基础上,应用有限元方法对其进行了力学性能分析,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明：碳纤维布加固后,梁的屈服荷载和极限荷载均有所增长,特别是梁的极限荷载提高效果显著。     

Development of fatigue test method and improvement of fatigue life by new functional steel plates for welding of trough rib and deck plate of orthotropic decks

Under heavy traffic conditions, some fatigue cracks have been found at welding joints between U-shaped ribs “trough ribs” and deck plates. Fatigue cracks along thickness direction of deck plate from root tip are important because visual crack detection from outside is limited. In this paper, new functional steel plates with initiation resistance of fatigue crack at weldment and propagation resistance at base material are applied to deck plate to evaluate improvement of fatigue life. We conducted fixed-point fatigue tests with real scale partial models consisted with one trough rib and a transverse girder, and the elastic FEM (Finite Element Method) analysis corresponding to the fatigue test specimen. Based on these results, we studied the fatigue properties which focused on the difference between conventional steel plates and newly developed steel plates, FCA (Fatigue Crack Arrester). Fatigue cracks were initiated from root tip of welded joints between a trough rib and a deck plate. It is clarified that FCA steel plates instead of conventional steel plates can improve the fatigue life under the same welding conditions. This improvement effect becomes much clearer in the high cycle region, which is noticeable at the operation and management stage of bridges.     

Remaining fatigue life of steel railway bridges under enhanced axle loads

In this study, various fatigue damage models proposed by researchers have been briefly discussed and found that the models are problem specific and their efficacy needs to be checked for high cyclic fatigue cases such as in railway bridges. Towards this, field studies were conducted to obtain the strain responses from a steel bridge during the passage of scheduled trains and test train formation with enhanced axle loading. Instrumentation was carried out at critical locations to obtain the responses from the girder. Three different scenarios have been considered to avoid the influence of noise. Further, numerical simulation of the bridge subjected to train loading at different speeds was carried out using ANSYS to obtain synthetic data of strain response from the validated finite element model. Analysis was carried out for normal as well as for futuristic speed of the trains. Responses obtained from field measurements as well as from numerical investigations were used to calculate the damage indices. Based on the damage indices, remaining fatigue life of the bridge was evaluated. The present study can be helpful in assessing the health condition of the railway bridges and to check the suitability of further increase in axle load or speed of trains.     

Numerical studies of fatigue induced by breathing of slender web plates

Numerical studies of geometric fatigue stresses induced by the breathing of slender steel web plates subjected to repeated shear loading are described. Analysis of available fatigue test results indicates that the Eurocode 3 detail category 125 fatigue strength curve is appropriate for fatigue assessment in terms of principal tensile surface stress ranges. Theoretical displacements, strains and stresses obtained using nonlinear finite element plate analysis show close correlation with test results.