浅谈石油沥青蒸发损失测定法

蒸发损失试验是表征沥青在高温下和空气接触后的性质,从而预测沥青稳定性程度的一种试验方法.论述了石油沥青蒸发损失测定法的目的意义,我国石油沥青蒸发损失测定法的变更历程、与代替标准的主要变化,GB/T 11964-2008<石油沥青蒸发损失测定法>的特点和操作要点.GB/T 11964-2008是一个可操作性强,科学严谨,与国外先进标准接轨的标准.试样的制备、仪器的状况、试样量、加热温度、加热时间等是影响GB/T 11964-2008试验结果精确度的重要因素.     

基于灰熵法分析研究矿粉指标对沥青胶浆高温性能的影响

由矿粉和沥青组成的沥青胶浆是沥青混合料的重要组成部分,在工程实践中经常会因为矿粉的改变而导致沥青混合料的路用性能产生很大的变化。基于灰熵法,分析了矿粉的几种指标对沥青胶浆高温性能的影响程度,分析结果表明：矿粉密度、细度、CaCO3含量影响显著,亚甲蓝值次之,亲水系数影响较小,这对于研究和改善沥青胶浆高温性能乃至为有耐高温要求的沥青混凝土设计提供重要的指导作用。     

An absorption capacity investigation of new absorbent based on polyurethane foams and rice straw for oil spill cleanup

Spilled oil has been considering as extremely serious disaster in the maritime field and oil exploration, and its effects lasted for decades, even hundreds of years. Oil spill treatment and recovery were the difficult and complicated issues due to the conditions of nature environment. In this work, rice straw- agricultural residue in Vietnam – with 205 k g/m³ of low density was filled in porous polyurethan matrix in fabrication process of absorbent. The experimental results about oil absorption capacity for this new absorbent material showed that, the absorbed oil mass in case of filling 25% of rice straw mass with 0.5 mm of size was highest, equal to 12.012 g oil/ g absorbent material after 120 minutes of treatment. The result of oil absorption capacity was around 3–4 times higher than that of material fabricated by pristine polyurethan or xenlulozo/lignocellulosic. Besides, fabrication process and SEM analysis were also experimentally carried out in this work.     

超高温地热井泡沫钻井井筒压力剖面计算方法

肯尼亚OLKARI地区地热井地层温度高达350 ℃,主要采用泡沫钻井,然而其低压和超高温的特点可能造成泡沫流体相态变化,目前尚没有针对相变条件下泡沫钻井井筒压力剖面的计算方法。为此,利用流体高压物性分析仪,绘制出泡沫钻井液“p - T"相图,并指出了钻井液相态变化的规律。进而应用现有的欠平衡钻井流体流动模型,建立了一套适应相变的钻井工况参数计算模型。最后,利用OLKARI地区某地热井的温度、压力资料,计算了该口井的流体流动参数,得到了该井井筒中的泡沫相态分布规律。通过井筒内流体压力的计算,可以更准确地了解工作液的工作状态,为预防井下复杂事故的发生提供了理论依据。