基于MPD-4电子学插件的液体闪烁体中子光响应特性实验研究

中子光响应函数是液体闪烁体探测器的重要参数,准确的光响应函数和探测阈值是精确确定中子探测效率的基础。近年来,专门用于液体闪烁体中子探测器的高集成度新型电子学插件(Mesytec公司的MPD-4)广泛应用于中子探测系统中,该电子学插件集成了脉冲高度(PH)、脉冲形状甄别(PSD)和恒比定时(CFD)测量功能,且1个NIM插件即可实现4路探测器的同时测量。对于同一中子探测器,利用这一电子学系统与传统电子学系统对中子的光响应函数进行了实验比对,结果表明,两套系统得到的中子光响应函数具有明显的差异。因此,在使用MPD-4电子学系统进行中子探测的实验中,需对光响应函数进行重新标定。     

用于X射线探测的CVD金刚石薄膜探测器

研制了用于X射线测量的化学气相沉积(CVD)金刚石薄膜探测器.该探测器灵敏区直径为15 mm、厚度300 μm,其暗电流在800 V偏压下小于50 pA,且暗电流-电压曲线线性较好.就CVD金刚石探测器对不同能量X射线的响应及脉冲X射线时间响应进行了理论和实验研究.结果表明:该探测器对6～22 keV X射线具有10-4～10-2A·W-1的灵敏度,假设电荷收集效率为39%时,灵敏度的理论值与实验测量值符合较好,探测器的RC时间常数约为1.5 ns;对亚纳秒脉冲X射线的响应上升时间为2～3 ns.     

几种常用闪烁体受60Coγ源辐照前后探测器灵敏度比对

在闪烁体耐辐照特性研究中,通过比较闪烁体受辐照前后闪烁探测器系统灵敏度的变化,说明在大辐照剂量后闪烁探测器是否处于正常工作状态.利用三通道脉冲X射线源(平均能量800keV)、DPF脉冲中子源(D-T中子能量14.4MeV),通过实验标定几种常用闪烁探测器对脉冲中子、脉冲X射线的相对灵敏度值.所用闪烁体包括φ40mm,不同厚度的CeF3,NaI(T1)和BaF2等无机晶体及ST-401,ST-1422,NE111等塑料闪烁体.     

全覆盖型动物PET系统探测器灵敏度的研究

为了提高动物PET系统探测器的灵敏度,增加探测器几何立体角的覆盖比例。在原有的Mi-cro PET系统环形探测器两端,对称添加两块中间有孔的平板探测器构成了紧密型动物PET系统。研究紧密型动物PET系统灵敏度的方法为:基于Gate程序建立系统模型,在点源、面源和体源三种类型的放射源条件下进行Monte Carlo模拟。模拟结果表明:物理结构上的改进有效地提高了探测器灵敏度,使符合事件数为传统的Micro PET的4.48倍;同时点源和面源的模拟结果说明,紧密型探测器结构使得整个探测区域空间均匀性变好,有利于数据采集和图像重建;而平板探测器中间的孔削弱了对探测器灵敏度的改善,尤其是对于放置在探测区域边缘的放射源。应用该全覆盖型结构有望进一步提高PET系统的探测灵敏度并有助于提高图像质量。     

降低闪烁探测系统中子灵敏度的方法初探

针对脉冲辐射场高强度裂变中子测量的特点,设计了降低灵敏度的狭缝闪烁探测系统,初步研究了系统的2.5MeV中子灵敏度。实验结果表明：由狭缝屏蔽准直器和闪烁探测器组成的新型狭缝闪烁探测系统,可使传统的直照探测模式的下限灵敏度降低一个量级,拓宽了闪烁探测器在脉冲辐射场中子测量中的应用。     

基于MPD-4电子学插件的液体闪烁体中子光响应特性实验研究

中子光响应函数是液体闪烁体探测器的重要参数,准确的光响应函数和探测阈值是精确确定中子探测效率的基础。近年来,专门用于液体闪烁体中子探测器的高集成度新型电子学插件（Mesytec公司的MPD-4）广泛应用于中子探测系统中,该电子学插件集成了脉冲高度（PH）、脉冲形状甄别（PSD）和恒比定时（CFD）测量功能,且1个NIM插件即可实现4路探测器的同时测量。对于同一中子探测器,利用这一电子学系统与传统电子学系统对中子的光响应函数进行了实验比对,结果表明,两套系统得到的中子光响应函数具有明显的差异。因此,在使用MPD-4电子学系统进行中子探测的实验中,需对光响应函数进行重新标定。     

CZT探测器辐射性能实验研究

使用高电阻率CZT(碲锌镉)晶体制备了适用于脉冲γ辐射探测的探测器。通过在脉冲γ发生器和60Co放射源上开展实验,获得了CZT探测器的时间响应和1.25MeVγ辐射灵敏度。结果表明,CZT探测器较传统Si基PIN探测器有暗电流低、时间响应好、灵敏度高的优势,适用于低强度γ辐射脉冲测量。     

多气隙电阻板室探测X射线研究

介绍了多气隙电阻板室(MRPC)的结构和原理,用蒙特卡罗方法计算了MRPC对X射线的灵敏度,并进行了脉冲X光机实验.实验表明,MRPC有望作为大面积的阵列探测器用于X射线成像技术研究.     

平面工艺Si电流型X射线探测器研制

该项目主要研究X射线能谱及时间谱测量、强流脉冲X射线束测量所需的平面工艺硅电流型探测器。主要工作在于模拟核爆中高功率Z-pinch等离子体辐射研究中测量等离子体产生的X射线能谱及时间谱和用于X光束诊断和高功率Z-pinch等离子体辐射研究。该型探测器用于探测极低能量     

新型硅酸镥电流型闪烁探测器性能研究

硅酸镥是一种新型的高发光强度、快响应的无机闪烁体.本工作采用硅酸镥与光电倍增管构成新型电流型探测器,并对其性能进行了实验研究.采用多种方法测量得到了该探测器的γ灵敏度能谱响应曲线,检验获得探测器的γ与中子的分辨本领至少在28以上.该探测器极其适于在脉冲中子、γ混合场中探测脉冲γ射线束.     

基于平板探测器投影数据预处理的三维CT重构算法研究

大面积非晶硅平板探测器(flat panel detector-FPD)在工业透射射线成像领域得到越来越多的应用。基于FPD的圆轨道FDK型三维计算机层析成像技术(Computed Tomography,3D-CT)检测速度快,但成像质量不及2D-CT。为发挥3D-CT速度优势,抑制噪声同时提高图像重建的质量。以由平板探测器得到的二维投影数据为研究对象,提出了一种对投影数据分别进行高频和低频两次滤波的投影预处理方法,然后将分别重建的图像叠加最终得到高质量的重建图像。由算法的仿真实验结果表明,重建图像质量得到明显改善,系统噪声得到抑制。     

Plasma Focus as a High Intensity Flash X-Ray Source for Biological Radiography

A study on X-ray emission from a low energy (3.3 kJ) plasma focus (PF) device operated with hydrogen is reported. X-ray are detected by using an X-ray detector consisting of three Quantrad Si PIN-diodes with differential filtering and with a pinhole camera. The X-ray yield in different energy windows is measured as a function of hydrogen filling pressure. The maximum yield in 4-geometry is found to be 46.6 J and corresponding wall plug efficiency for X-ray generation is 1.40%. In particular, to demonstrate feasibility of the present PF as a high intensity flash X-ray source for good contrast biological radiography, an X-ray radiogram of a fish, is presented. The fine structure of the specimen can be seen in different parts. The PF, because of its high X-ray yield and good reproducibility is particularly suited for this application.     

线型聚能切割器热中子照相检测技术研究

研究使用热中子照相技术检测线型聚能切割器装药线密度,确定其分布均匀性,并判别装药是否存在缺陷。对多个样品进行了热中子照相,得到清晰样品图像,并通过图像处理得到样品内部装药相对线密度分布,准确呈现出装药稀疏、断续、空穴等缺陷。该方法检测结果直观、可靠、精确,弥补了线型聚能切割器现有质量检测手段的不足,对切割器质量的精确检测及其在精确爆破中的应用具有重要意义,可广泛应用于索类火工品的质量检测。     

A method for direct conversion of EPID images to incident fluence for dose reconstruction

A direct incident fluence measurement method based on amorphous silicon electronic portal imaging device(a-Si EPID) has been developed for pretreatment verification of intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT).The EPID-based incident fluence conversion method deconvolves EPID images to the primary response distribution based on measured lateral scatter kernels in the EPID detector using Conjugate Gradient algorithm.The primary response is converted to the incident fluence based on measured fluence conversion matrix which corrects for off-axis position dependence of the a-Si EPID response and the "horn" beam profile caused by flatting filter. To verify feasibility and accuracy of this method, square fields of various sizes and two IMRT plans were delivered. The dose distributions computed based on EPID-derived incident fluence were compared with the measurement data. For all square field sizes except the smallest field(2 cm), the mean dose differences in cross-line dose profiles were within 1% excluding the penumbra region, and gamma passing percentages with a 2%/2 mm criterion were about 99%. For two IMRT plans, the least gamma passing percentage for all eight IMRT fields was 98.14% with 2%/3 mm criteria. It can be concluded that our direct EPID-based incident fluence conversion method is accurate and capable of being applied to pretreatment dose verification in clinical routines.     

Application of Neutron Radiography to Visualization and Void Fraction Measurement of Air-Water Two-Phase Flow in a Small Diameter Tube

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of visualization and void fraction measurement of air-water two-phase flow in a small diameter tube (I.D.: 4.08mm) by using the real-time neutron radiography and image processing techniques. Video images of two-phase flow were taken by using the real-time neutron radiography system (thermal neutron radiography facility No. 2) installed at the Japan Research Reactor 3 M of the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. The shape of bubbles and its moving behavior were clearly observed from the video images. The image corrections for dark current, shading, field intensity fluctuation and electrical system drift were examined in order to measure the void fraction from the video images. Though, generally speaking, the effect of the scattered neutron could not be ignored for quantification of the images taken by the neutron radiography, the scattered neutron could not affect the final results of void fraction in the case of a small diameter tube. The void fraction calculated from the corrected images was correlated well with the drift flux equation, indicating that the existing drift flux equation could be applied to predict the void fraction of two-phase flow in a small diameter tube. It was demonstrated that the real-time neutron radiography technique could be useful for measuring the void fraction of two-phase flow in a small diameter tube.     

基于中子IP板的核燃料元件间接中子CT实验方法研究

中子照相作为一种无损检测技术是分析和确定核燃料元件缺陷的重要手段。中国原子能科学研究院中子照相团队依托中国先进研究堆（CARR）中子照相测试平台,搭建了核燃料元件间接中子CT装置,并开展核燃料元件模拟件的间接三维中子成像技术研究。本文首先采用蒙特卡罗模拟方法优化确定了样品环境转移屏蔽容器的关键参数并研制出屏蔽容器,并基于该装置开展了核燃料元件模拟件的间接中子CT照相实验,从获得的三维实验数据可观测到尺寸约0.35 mm模拟芯块缺陷。实验结果表明,该装置可满足核燃料元件的间接中子CT实验检测。同时初步研究了基于IP板的间接中子成像数据处理的制约因素和方法,为后续进一步利用金属转换屏替代中子IP板等技术,真正实现乏燃料元件无损检测应用提供实验指导。     

Low Energy Plasma Focus as an Intense X-ray Source for Radiography

Study on X-ray emission from a low energy (1.8 kJ) plasma focus device powered by a 9 μF capacitor bank, charged at 20 kV and giving peak discharge current of about 175 kA by using a lead-inserted copper-tapered anode is reported. The X-ray yield in different energy windows is measured as a function of hydrogen filling pressure. The maximum yield in 4π-geometry is found to be (27.3±1.1) J and corresponding wall plug efficiency for X-ray generation is 1.52±.06%. X-ray emission, presumably due to bombarding activity of electrons in current sheath at the anode tip was dominant, which is confirmed by the pinhole images. The feasibility of the device as an intense X-ray source for radiography is demonstrated.     

Post-irradiation examination of a fuel pin using a microscopic X-ray system: Measurement of carbon deposition and pin metrology

The paper presents some interesting aspects associated with X-ray imaging and its potential application in the nuclear industry. The feasibility of using X-ray technology for the post-irradiation examination of a fuel pin has been explored, more specifically pin metrology and carbon deposition measurement. The non-active sample was specially designed to mimic the structure of an AGR fuel pin whilst a carbon based material was applied to the mock up fuel rod in order to mimic carbon deposition. Short duration low energy (50 kV) 2D digital radiography was employed and provided encouraging results (with respect to carbon deposition thickness and structure measurements) for the mock up fuel pin with a spatial resolution of around 10 μm. Obtaining quantitative data from the resultant images is the principal added value associated with X-ray imaging. A higher intensity X-ray beam (90 kV) was also used in conjunction with the low energy set-up to produce a clear picture of the cladding as well as the interface between the lead (Pb mimics the uranium oxide) and stainless steel cladding. Spent fuel metrology and routine radiography are two additional tasks that X-ray imaging could perform for the post-irradiation examination programme. Therefore, when compared to other techniques developed to deliver information on one particular parameter, X-ray imaging offers the possibility to extract useful information on a range of parameters.     

14 MeV快中子照相用光纤转换屏研究

快中子照相技术因其超强的样品透视能力而成为射线无损检测技术近年来研究的热点,转换屏是中子照相装置的关键部件。光纤转换屏是一种新型的快中子照相转换屏,较大程度兼顾了光纤阵列的高探测效率和荧光屏的高成像质量,具有很好的应用前景。本文以D-T加速器为中子源,用ZnS和环氧树脂以及光纤研制了快中子照相光纤转换屏,耦合科学级CCD数字成像系统,进行了快中子数字照相技术研究,获取了不同光纤排列方式的光纤转换屏积分曝光图像,同时测量了快中子荧光屏和塑料闪烁体等其他快中子照相用转换屏的发光效率,实验结果表明,光纤转换屏的发光效率高于其他类型转换屏的。     

四通道数字化闪光X射线成像系统

介绍了四通道数字化闪光X射线成像系统的组成结构。该系统主要用于弹道和爆炸过程的高速诊断，给出了实验结果。