基于子编码和全编码联合惩罚的稀疏表示字典学习方法

针对目前稀疏表示字典学习的惩罚函数版本不一且各有优势的问题,提出基于子编码和全编码联合惩罚的稀疏表示字典学习方法,该方法在字典学习的目标函数中同时加入子编码惩罚函数和全编码惩罚函数。子编码惩罚函数使得学习后的字典在稀疏表示识别时可以用子字典的重构误差和子字典上编码系数的大小来识别,全编码惩罚函数则能直接利用整个字典上的编码系数来识别,通过联合这两个惩罚函数可以获得非常好的识别效果。为了验证所提方法的有效性,在语音情感库和人脸库上与最新的基于字典学习的稀疏表示识别方法 DKSVD和FDDL进行对比,并与著名的识别方法SVM和SRC进行比较,实验结果显示所提方法具有更好的识别性能。     

自适应稀疏编码融合的非刚性三维模型分类算法

针对传统的三维模型单一特征识别精度低问题,提出一种自适应稀疏编码融合的非刚性三维模型分类算法.首先提取模型的平均测地线特征、热核特征、形状直径函数特征,以构造互补的多特征形状描述;其次利用特征袋模型构造AGD-BoF, HKS-BoF, SDF-BoF特征向量,通过随机样本建立特征权值矩阵;最后利用特征权值矩阵与稀疏优化编码自适应融合,并采用Softmax分类算法实现非刚性模型的有效分类.通过在非刚性数据集SHREC10与SHREC11上的综合实验表明,自适应稀疏编码融合的分类算法具有更高的识别准确率及较强的鲁棒性.     

哈希编码结合空间金字塔的图像分类

目的 稀疏编码是当前广泛使用的一种图像表示方法,针对稀疏编码及其改进算法计算过程复杂、费时等问题,提出一种哈希编码结合空间金字塔的图像分类算法。方法 首先,提取图像的局部特征点,构成局部特征点描述集。其次,学习自编码哈希函数,将局部特征点表示为二进制哈希编码。然后,在二进制哈希编码的基础上进行K均值聚类生成二进制视觉词典。最后,结合空间金字塔模型,将图像表示为空间金字塔直方图向量,并应用于图像分类。结果 在常用的Caltech-101和Scene-15数据集上进行实验验证,并和目前与稀疏编码相关的算法进行实验对比。与稀疏编码相关的算法相比,本文算法词典学习时间缩短了50%,在线编码速度提高了1.3～12.4倍,分类正确率提高了1%～5%。结论 提出了一种哈希编码结合空间金字塔的图像分类算法,利用哈希编码代替稀疏编码对局部特征点进行编码,并结合空间金字塔模型用于图像分类。实验结果表明,本文算法词典学习时间更短、编码速度更快,适用于在线词典学习和应用。     

人脸识别中基于系数相似性的字典学习算法

在现有的基于稀疏表示分类算法的人脸识别中,使用通过稀疏学习得到的精简字典可以提高识别速度和精确度。metaface学习(Metaface Learning,MFL)算法在字典学习过程中没有考虑同类样本稀疏编码系数之间具有相似性的特点。为了利用这一信息来提高字典的区分性,提出了一种基于系数相似性的metaface学习(Coefficient-Simi-larity-based Metaface earning,CS-MFL)算法。CS-MFL算法的学习过程中,在更新稀疏表示系数阶段加入同类训练样本稀疏编码系数相似的约束项。为了求解包含系数相似性约束的新的最优化问题,将目标函数中的两个l2范数约束项进行合并,将原问题转化为典型l₂- l1问题进行求解。在不同的人脸库上进行实验,结果表明,提出的CS-MFL算法能够获得比MFL算法更高的识别率,说明由CS-MFL算法学习得到的字典更高效且更具区分性。     

桥梁结构的未标记模态特征稀疏编码深度学习监测*

由于建筑物结构健康问题大部分是累积性损害,很难被检测到,实际结构和环境噪声的复杂性使得结构健康监测更加困难,并且现有方法在训练模型时需要大量的数据,但是实际中对于数据的标记是很复杂的。为克服该问题,通过配备无线传感器网络,并采用稀疏编码实现桥梁结构健康监测,然后通过大量未标记实例在实现特征提取基础上进行稀疏编码算法训练,实现数据维度压缩和无标记数据预处理。其次,利用深度学习算法实现桥梁结构健康监测类别预测,同时基于线性共轭梯度对Hessian优化进行改进,利用半正定高斯-牛顿曲率矩阵替换不确定Hessian矩阵,进行二次目标组合,以实现深度学习算法效率提升;实验结果表明,所提深度学习桥梁结构安全检测算法实现了环境噪声稀疏编码水平下的高精度结构健康监测。     

基于稀疏编码的半监督低秩核学习算法

传统半监督非参核学习方法通常基于流形假设和成对约束信息建立学习模型。但是,这种模型对于某些复杂高维稀疏的数据而言算法复杂性较高。为了解决复杂高维稀疏数据核学习问题,提出一种基于稀疏自编码的非参核学习算法,通过稀疏自编码器引入稀疏约束,不仅提高了非参核学习方法的鲁棒性,避免了过拟合问题,而且提升了非参核学习算法的学习效率。通过核聚类实验验证了提出算法的有效性。实验结果表明,在非参核学习模型中融入了稀疏自编码器能够提高核聚类的效果,提升了半监督非参核学习算法的学习效率。     

基于拓展稀疏表示模型和LC-KSVD的人脸识别

为了提高人脸的识别率和识别速度及其识别的鲁棒性,提出了基于拓展稀疏表示模型和LC-KSVD（Label Consist K-SVD）的人脸识别算法。针对字典学习中只包含表示能力没有包含类别信息的问题,在原始的稀疏表示模型中添加了残差向量作为系数修正向量,使得拓展稀疏表示模型具有更强的鲁棒性;在字典学习中添加稀疏编码和分类器参数约束项,通过字典学习同时更新稀疏编码和分类器参数,使字典中包含很好的表示能力和判别分类能力。实验结果表明,基于拓展稀疏表示模型和LC-KSVD的人脸识别具有高识别率和低识别速度,并且有很好的鲁棒性。     

标签一致K-SVD稀疏编码视频跟踪算法

稀疏编码视频目标跟踪算法对目标遮挡问题有一定的适应性,但当目标受背景杂波、光照变化等干扰时,跟踪结果将会出现漂移现象.为此,提出一种基于字典学习和模板更新的视频目标跟踪算法.该算法在构造字典时加入背景模板集,利用标签一致K-SVD方法进行字典学习,同时训练出低维字典和目标背景分类器;在稀疏编码过程中,借助粒子滤波技术,采用分类器分类结果和候选目标直方图构建整体似然模型;最后通过字典学习更新字典、分类器及目标直方图.采用标准数据库中具有挑战性的视频数据进行算法测试实验,结果表明,对于存在遮挡、背景杂波、光照变化、目标旋转和尺度变化等复杂跟踪环境下的目标跟踪,文中算法都能有效地降低跟踪结果存在的漂移现象,且具有较好的稳定性.     

基于非负弹性网稀疏编码算法的图像分类方法

为提高图像分类的准确率,提出一种非负弹性网稀疏编码算法。利用非负稀疏编码算法和弹性网模型,在稀疏编码优化模型的目标函数中引入l_2范数正则项,增加编码系数的非负约束,并将该算法与空间金字塔模型相结合应用于图像分类。实验结果表明,与传统的稀疏编码算法相比,该算法不仅能提高编码的判别性与有效性,而且可使相似的特征描述符编码后仍然相似,增强编码的稳定性,具有较高的分类准确度。     

基于稀疏编码的人脸识别算法

介绍了一种基于稀疏编码的人脸识别算法。先对10副自然图像应用稀疏编码,学习到基函数和图像稀疏表示的拟合分布的参数。在人脸识别中,用稀疏编码和已得到的基函数表示图像的稀疏,再经过拟合分布函数得到人脸图像的最终表示,然后应用多分类线性支持向量机（SVM）来完成识别算法。通过在人脸数据库上的实验表明,该算法具有很高的识别正确率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.