Microwave Correlator Based on a Nonuniformly Spaced Photonic Microwave Delay-Line Filter

We propose and demonstrate a novel technique to perform matched filtering of a phase-coded microwave signal using a photonic microwave delay-line filter. The photonic microwave delay-line filter is designed to have a frequency response that is conjugate to the spectrum of the phase-coded microwave signal. To implement the delay-line filter, the tap coefficients are usually complex, which is difficult to implement in the optical domain. In this letter, a photonic microwave delay-line filter with equivalent complex coefficients implemented using an all-positive- coefficient photonic microwave delay-line filter based on a nonuniformly spaced delay-line structure is proposed. Since only positive coefficients are required, the implementation of the filter is greatly simplified. An experiment is performed. The decoding of a 6.75-GHz binary-phase-coded microwave signal is experimentally demonstrated.      

Q value analysis of microwave photonic filters

This paper first presents the fundamental principles of the microwave photonic filters.As an example to explain how to implement a microwave photonic filter, a specific finite impulse response (FIR) filter is illustrated.Next, the Q value of the microwave photonic filters is analyzed theoretically, and methods around how to gain high Q value are discussed.Then,divided into FIR filter, first-order infinite impulse response (IIR) filter, and multi-order IIR filter, several novel microwave photonic filters with high Q value are listed and compared.The technical difficulties to get high Q value in first-order IIR filter and multi-order IIR filter are analyzed concretely.Finally, in order to gain higher Q value, a multi-order IIR microwave photonic filter that easily extends its order is presented and discussed.     

FIR Photonic Microwave Filter Design Employing Simulated Annealing Algorithm

Photonic microwave filters are important parts of fiber‐optic microwave/millimeter wave processing systems. In this paper, the synthesis problem of fiber‐optic FIR microwave filters is addressed and a novel method for designing photonic microwave filter employing a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is proposed. The design problem of photonic microwave filter can be reduced to be a multi‐variable function optimization problem, which can be solved by a simulated annealing‐based algorithm. As an illustration of the application of SA to photonic microwave filter design, the synthesis of an optimizedFBG‐based photonic microwave filter is discussed. Numerical results show that the global minimum finding capability of SA makes it be an efficient way to design the photonic microwave filter. Numerical results also demonstrate that the proposed method can be applied to design different filtering systems with different constraints.     

全新布里渊散射可切换微波光子滤波器

提出了一个新的基于布里渊散射效应的微波光子滤波器。该滤波器可通过调谐系统中光滤波器的中心波长,实现高解析度带通滤波器与陷波滤波器之间的灵活切换,并且通过调谐产生受激布里渊散射的泵浦光的波长可实现滤波器通带或阻带的中心频率在很大频率范围内连续调谐。该滤波器为全光结构,因此具有非常大的调谐范围（调谐上限仅受限于试验中使用的矢量网络分析仪的显示频率上限）。系统中采用相位调制器,因此没有偏置电压漂移问题。实验结果展示了一个带通与陷波滤可灵活切换的高解析度微波光子滤波器,并且通带和阻带的中心频率在9～26.5 GHz范围内连续可调谐,其中带通滤波器的通带具有极窄3 dB带宽,约28 MHz（由光纤本身布里渊增益区线宽所决定）。     

Chirped Microwave Pulse Generation Using a Photonic Microwave Delay-Line Filter With a Quadratic Phase Response

We propose an optical approach to generating chirped microwave pulses using a photonic microwave delay-line filter (PMDLF) with a quadratic phase response. If a chirp-free broadband microwave pulse is inputted into the filter, a chirped microwave pulse is generated thanks to the quadratic phase response of the filter. To design a PMDLF with a quadratic phase response, complex tap coefficients are required, which is hard to implement in the optical domain. In this letter, a PMDLF with equivalent complex coefficients implemented based on a nonuniformly spaced delay-line structure is demonstrated. Since only positive coefficients are required, the filter is easy to implement. A design example is provided. A five-tap PMDLF to generate a chirped microwave pulse with a chirp rate of 13.2 GHz/ns is then experimentally demonstrated.     

一种二阶LTCC微波带通滤波器的仿真设计

根据低温共烧陶瓷技术的特点,提出了一种二阶微波带通滤波器的三维结构设计方法,设计的滤波器结构简单、尺寸小、工作频率可调。按照该设计方法,通过电磁仿真软件AnsoftHFSS10设计了一款带通滤波器。结果表明,该滤波器的中心频率为5.2GHz,带宽为0.4GHz,通带内插损小于2.1dB,尺寸为2.5mm×2.2mm×0.4mm,能够满足微波无线通信系统的要求。     

Investigation of phase-modulator-based all-optical bandpass microwave filter

Theoretical analysis and experimental implementation of an all-optical bandpass microwave filter are presented. Bandpass filtering is implemented using an electrooptic phase modulator combined with a dispersive device to eliminate the baseband resonance of a typical low-pass filter. In addition to bandpass operation, the proposed filter also provides an improved mainlobe-to-sidelobe ratio (MSR) and a reduced mainlobe bandwidth compared with those of the conventional microwave filters with windowing. A four-tap bandpass microwave filter with a 3-dB mainlobe bandwidth of 2.65 GHz and an MSR of 30 dB is demonstrated. The filter performances, including the reconfigurability, tunability, and the dynamic range, are also discussed.     

Tunable microwave photonic filter based on a fiber ring and erbium-doped fiber amplifier

The tunable microwave photonic filter based on a fiber ring and erbium-doped fiber amplifier （EDFA） was proposed. By introducing a section of erbium-doped fiber （EDF） into the fiber ring, the loss of the signal can be compensated by the EDFA gain through adjusting the pump power. This can largely increase the number of the effective sampling taps, and then improve the performance of the microwave photonic filter notably. When the pump power was set to be 42.7 roW, a microwave bandpass filter with the 3-dB bandwidth of 0.15 MHz, the Q factor up to 100 and extinction ratio up to 20 dB was achieved. By employing a tunable optical delay line in the above fiber ring, a tunable microwave photonic filter has been realized through tuning the length of the optical delay line. The proposed tunable microwave photonic filter can fred great applications in microwave signal processing and ROF system.     

Instantaneous microwave frequency measurement based on hybrid microwave photonic filter

A novel photonic technique for instantaneous microwave frequency measurement based on hybrid microwave photonic filter （HMPF） is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The HMPF is composed of an all-pass filter and a band-pass filter with negative coefficients. By properly controlling the power relationship between the all-pass filter and the band-pass filter, the HMPF can realize a monotonic frequency response, and then a unique relationship be- tween the output power and the input frequency is established. A high measurement resolution can be achieved for a given frequency range.     

Microwave Active Filters Based on Transversal and Recursive Principles

Transferal and recursive filter concepts, normally associated with discrete-time applications, are adapted for implementation in the microwave frequency range. Principal focus is on microwave active filter designs that permit realization of wide bandwidths, with microwave transistors used as active elements. A transversal-type and a recursive-type experimental filter, both of which exhibit 9-15-GHz bandpass responses, serve to illustrate aspects of physical implementation, while offering a convenient basis for comparing the two different approaches.     

Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Optical Source on Photonic Microwave Filter Performance

The filter frequency response and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) capacity of fiber Bragg grating resonator based photonic microwave filter are investigated experimentally by using two lasers with different linewidths as optical sources. The effects of optical source on the photonic microwave filter performance are analyzed. The results show that when the laser linewidth is less than the filter free spectral range (FSR), the filter response is fluctuating and the SNR capacity decreases about 10dB.     

Multi-tap microwave photonic filter with positive and negative coefficients based on an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder modulator

A novel approach for the implementation of microwave photonic filter with positive and negative coefficients based on an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder modulator(MZM) is proposed.In the proposed filter,a microwave signal to be filtered is applied to an unbalanced MZM.Thanks to the unbalance between the two arms of the modulator,a π phase shift is obtained by adjusting the wavelength interval between the adjacent wavelengths,which leads to the generation of the positive and negative coefficients.The theoretical fundamentals of the design are described,which show that the required unbalanced MZM in the scheme can be well fabricated by the current technology,and the required other components,including the wavelength multiplexer,are also commercially available devices.An eight-tap microwave photonic filter with positive and negative coefficients is demonstrated.The tunability and reconfigurability of the eight-tap microwave photonic filter are also investigated to verify our approach.     

基于梯形槽阵列的SSPPs型带通微波滤波器

该文采用时域有限差分法(FDTD)设计了一种具有阶梯槽结构的人工表面等离激元(SSPPs)型带通微波滤波器。滤波器由4部分组成,其中第二部分(阶梯阻抗槽)是过渡部分,新颖的周期性排列的阶梯阻抗槽设计可增强微波波段亚波长的束缚效果,提高带通SSPPs滤波器的通带特性和抗电磁干扰能力。该文还利用FDTD法对微波频率范围内的SSPPs滤波器的透射和反射特性进行了研究。结果表明,通过调整阶梯阻抗槽结构的几何尺寸及传输线中耦合间隙参数,可以灵活地控制滤波器的带宽和抑制特性,滤波器具有很强的抗空间电磁干扰能力。     

微波光子滤波技术

微波光子滤波器(MPF)是在光域内实现对微波/射频(RF)信号进行滤波的器件.由于微波光子滤波器在射频系统中具有带宽大、快速可调谐、可重构、无电磁干扰(EMI)、低损耗和重量轻等优点,因而这一类器件已经引起了越来越多的人们的兴趣.在概述微波光子滤波器基本原理基础上,分别介绍了现阶段对微波光子滤波器可调谐性、负抽头等问题基本方法的实现,并简要比较了不同方法的优缺点.最后展望了微波光子滤波技术的发展方向和技术难点.     

基于阶梯阻抗的发夹结构低通滤波器设计

提出一种基于阶梯阻抗发夹谐振器的小型化微波低通滤波嚣,该滤波嚣仅由包含四节微带的阶梯阻抗发夹谐振器构成.设计结果表明,滤波器3dB通带从直流到2.8G,带内反射小于-20dB,带外抑制达到40dB.这种滤波器尺寸小,易制造,且具有陡峭的截止频率响应特性,可用于许多微波系统中.     

基于Serenade仿真软件的微波电路优化设计

介绍了微波电路与Serenade系统仿真软件的功能,并以对微波低通滤波器的仿真设计为例说明了对它们的应用.同时以巴特沃斯原型滤波器为基础,分析了该滤波器的特性,并对通过优化得到满足设计目标的低通滤波器进行了介绍.     

Photonic Microwave Bandpass Filter With Negative Coefficients Using a Polarization Modulator

A novel photonic microwave bandpass filter with negative coefficients implemented using a polarization modulator (PolM) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed filter, a lightwave from a tunable laser source (TLS) is sent to a PolM, with the incident lightwave adjusted to have its polarization direction aligned at an angle of plusmn45deg to the principal axes of the PolM. A microwave signal is applied to the PolM through its RF port. Thanks to the polarization modulation in the PolM, two complementary microwave signals with identical amplitudes carried by two optical carriers with orthogonal polarizations are generated. The two complementary optical microwave signals are then sent to an optical delay line consisting of one section or two sections of polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF), with the polarization directions aligned with the fast and slow axes of the PMF. A photonic microwave bandpass filter with two or four taps is obtained     

Microwave photonic filter with tunability, reconfigurability and bipolar taps

A new microwave photonic filter structure realising fully programmable RF filtering that can tune the filter centre frequency and also reconfigure the filter shape, while exhibiting multiple taps and bipolar taps, is presented. It is based on a new arbitrary spectrum slicing technique using a multi-port programmable wavelength processor, based on liquid crystal on silicon pixels, which offers programmable finite impulse response filtering using software control. Experimental results demonstrate a high-order microwave filter with tunability, reconfigurability, bipolar taps, and with high free spectral range.     

Coherent photonic processing of microwave signals using spatial light modulators: programmable amplitude filters

This paper presents a novel coherent optical signal processing approach for synthesis of programmable microwave amplitude filters over an ultrawideband. The authors' scheme relies on a programmable hyperfine optical filter implemented in a pulse-shaping geometry, which provides arbitrary, user-defined amplitude-filtering functions over a 50-GHz bandwidth with resolution better than 0.7 GHz. In contrast to previous work on discrete time optical processing of microwave signals, their approach allows direct synthesis of microwave filter functions in spectral domain without computing filter coefficients, which is needed for a discrete-time-domain approach.     

Design concepts for microwave GaAs FET active filters

A comprehensive history of microwave active filter development to date is given. A design methodology is presented for the realization of precision broadband filters in the face of problems such as the nonideal behavior of microwave GaAs FETs and the low Q and related parasitic effects of monolithic-microwave-integrated-circuit (MMIC) inductors and capacitors. The feasibility of this approach is illustrated by the computer-simulated design of a cascadable, second-order microwave bandpass filter