板坯形状对方截面无模旋压轴向可旋深度的影响

利用实验方法对比了方形和圆形板坯形状对方截面无模旋压轴向可旋深度的影响,并对其影响机理进行了理论分析。首先采用确定初始步长的方法推导了可无限扩展的方截面旋轮路径公式,在此基础上分别模拟了方形和圆形板坯的无模旋压过程,并对模拟结果进行实验验证。然后提出了轴向可旋深度的评估方法,并以此为判据,对比分析了同轴向旋压深度下圆形和方形板坯工况的后续可旋性,发现方形板坯工况优于圆形板坯工况,进而揭示其机理为：方形板坯工况旋压过程中剩余法兰形状与旋轮路径切合性较好,促进了金属径向流动均匀化。     

Numerical simulation and experiment study on hollow spinning process for square cross-section cone

Spinning process is investigated to reveal the mechanism of square cross-section spinning without mandrel. The finite element model with the roller path formula as a boundary condition is established. Forge3D software is used to simulate the spinning process, and the accuracy of the finite element model is verified through experiment. From the stress–strain field, the residual stress on the surface of the workpiece is small after square cross-section cone hollow spinning and the maximum deformation locates on the middle part of the slope surfaces of the workpiece. The strain field distribution and the same Δr in different rotation round are the cause of the slight curvature that appears on the cross-section edge. The wall thickness decreases after hollow spinning, and the upper wall thickness is larger than the lower part.     

高强螺纹滚压工艺的有限元模拟及试验研究

对高强螺纹进行滚压处理可有效提高螺纹结构的抗疲劳性能。为深入研究螺纹滚压工艺规律,以提高螺纹紧固件的抗疲劳性能,建立螺纹滚压工艺三维有限元模型,并基于该模型研究了滚轮参数对滚压后残余应力的影响规律,最终采用疲劳试验验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明:滚轮型面夹角、直径、型面圆弧半径等参数对滚压后引入的残余应力分布具有很大影响。滚轮型面夹角越小,滚压后引入的残余压应力层越深;较小的滚轮直径有利于引入较大的残余压应力和残余应力层深;较大的圆弧半径可获得较高的表面残余压应力和最大残余压应力,同时在一定范围内导致残余应力层深减小。疲劳试验结果表明,采用未经优化的滚轮强化后,螺纹疲劳寿命提高1.6倍,而采用经优化设计的滚压轮强化后,螺纹疲劳寿命提高4倍。该结果证实了基于有限元分析的滚轮优化方法的有效性。     

Finite element simulation and experimental investigation on the forming forces of 3D non-axisymmetrical tubes spinning

3D non-axisymmetrical tube (NAT) spinning is a kind of new spinning technology, which breaks through the restriction that only axisymmetrical hollow parts could be produced by traditional spinning technology. The research on the spinning force aims to optimize the machine design and the processing parameters selection. The neck-spinning process of the 3D NAT is simulated by 3D elastic–plastic finite element software, MARC. The characteristics of the neck-spinning force of 3D NAT are compared with that of the axisymmetrical tube (AT) spinning. The effect of the main forming parameters, such as offset amount, oblique angle, nominal reduction of blank radius, feed rate and path direction, on the spinning forces have been studied theoretically and experimentally. It shows that during 3D NAT spinning, the spinning forces varies periodically with the revolution angle of the roller around the blank; the spinning force during backward path spinning is greater than that of forward path spinning. The simulation results conform well to the experimental ones.     

Study on compound spinning technology of large thin-walled parts with ring inner ribs and curvilinear generatrix

Given their rapid development, aerospace and other high-tech industries are in urgent need of process technology for large complex thin-walled shells represented by large thin-walled parts with ring inner ribs and curvilinear generatrix. To make up for the deficiency in existing forming methods, this paper presents a compound spinning process that integrates counter-roller spinning, multi-neck spinning, and hot spinning. The finite element models for the counter-roller spinning and multi-neck spinning forming of such parts are established, and these models can simulate the influences of different spinning process parameters on workpiece maximum equivalent stress and maximum ovality. The 2A12 aluminum alloy tube blank is used in this paper. The process parameters for obtaining the counter-roller spinning for such parts are as follows: a feed ratio of 1.0 mm/r and a roller nose radius of 8 mm. The process parameters of multi-neck spinning are as follows: a feed ratio of 3.0 mm/r and a roller nose radius of 80 mm; and the forming temperature of hot spinning is 200–250 °C. Verification by a compound spinning test found that the numerical simulation results are consistent with the process test results. The process parameters can be used for guiding the actual production of large thin-walled parts with ring inner ribs and curvilinear generatrix.     

筒形件强力内旋压有限元模拟

采用动态显式有限元程序LS DYNA3D对强力内旋压变形过程进行了数值模拟 ,并对有限元建模提出了一些自己的看法。分析了毛坯周向、轴向、径向的应力应变分布及变化过程 ,对强力内旋压变形过程建立了整体的认识。分析了工艺参数不合理时产生内表面裂纹的主要原因。     

工艺参数对平板毛坯普旋成形的影响规律

基于ABAQUS/Explicit平台建立了符合实际的普旋三维仿真模型,利用此模型对平板毛坯普旋成形过程进行了模拟,研究了旋轮进给率、旋轮圆角半径、旋轮入旋角、板料厚度4个关键参数对平板毛坯普旋(第一道次)成形过程及旋压件质量的影响。结果表明:入旋角对板料的壁厚变化有较大的影响;旋轮圆角半径和板料厚度仅对板料的壁厚减薄率影响较大,对板料的壁厚增厚率影响很小;当旋轮进给率的值较小时,旋轮进给率对普旋成形过程影响不大。基于以上研究,最后得到了合理的工艺参数取值。     

杯形薄壁矩形内齿旋压成形数值模拟与试验

为研究主要工艺参数对齿轮成形状况的影响规律,并为参数优化和工艺设计提供依据,基于MSC.MARC有限元分析软件,对杯形薄壁矩形内齿旋压成形工艺过程和工艺特点进行分析,从而获得旋压成形时变形金属沿轴向、径向和切向的流动规律。结合工艺试验,定量地研究了主要工艺参数对齿高成形的影响规律,并对试验中出现的各种典型缺陷进行分析,提出有效的预防和改进方法。提出将包括轮齿的切向和轴向尺寸均匀程度等作为旋压成形内齿零件的主要质量评价指标。模拟和工艺试验结果表明,矩形内齿旋压成形时,压下量在一定范围内对齿高的成形影响显著,进给比对齿高成形影响不大。当工艺参数选择不当时,可能出现表面隆起或破裂、轮齿周向错移、周向高度不均和齿槽撕裂等缺陷。     

An analysis of force distribution in shear spinning of cone

An analytic model for calculation of shear spinning force incorporate factor of over-roll (press down) of the blank is derived. The effects of blank thickness, roller nose radius, mandrel revolution and roller feed on the spinning force are discussed. Results obtained from calculation were compared with the experiment and other theoretical predictions. It is found that the present findings yield optimum results.     

滚子轴承挡边—滚子端面润滑分析

根据流体润滑理论，本文建立了滚子轴承挡边－滚子端面润滑，并编制了有限元计算程序，文中详细分析了端面形状，偏斜角，挡边支托角，间隙等因素对油膜压力的影响。并对滚子偏斜稳定性以及轴向窜动问题作了初步探讨。     

三维非轴对称偏心类管件旋压成形时的变形力分析

采用主应力法建立了三维非轴对称偏心类薄壁管件旋压成形时的变形力的理论计算公式,并对旋轮公转角度γ、道次偏移量δ等成形工艺参数对旋压力变化的影响进行了理论分析。结果表明,在偏心类管件旋压过程中,旋压力随旋轮公转角度γ作周期性变化,其变化的幅度取决于道次偏移量δ的大小。对工件道次偏移量δ、旋轮进给比f和名义压下量Δ等主要成形工艺参数对最大旋压力的影响进行了理论分析和试验研究,理论计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

旋压件的成形质量及其控制参数

本文着重讨论了旋压件成形质量的影响因素,工艺选择以及控制方法。研究结果表明,为了得到质量良好的旋压件,除了要控制好减薄率、主轴转速、芯模和旋轮之间的间隙,迸给比、旋轮安装角、旋轮圆角半径等关键参数外,还必须要注意旋压湿度、毛坯厚度、旋压道次与热处理等问题。     

挤压-弯曲一体化成型铝合金弯曲型材的质量与性能

通过改造传统挤压机,增加弯曲装置,对铝合金型材进行挤压-弯曲一体化成型,研究了辊轮半径和辊轮移动速度对成型质量的影响,基于有限元模拟获得了辊轮半径和辊轮移动速度等最佳工艺参数。结果表明:当型材挤出速度与辊轮移动速度相同时,铝合金型材的成型性较好;挤压-弯曲一体化成型工艺避免了传统拉弯工艺存在的回弹、表面划伤和截面变形等缺陷,提高了弯曲型材力学性能的均匀性。     

Prediction of residual stress distribution after turning in turbine disks

The state of a surface region after machining is definitely affected by cutting parameters, such as cutting speed, feed rate, tool nose radius, tool rake angle and the presence of a cutting fluid, which plays a major role in determining friction at the tool–chip interface. The aim of the present study is to develop a finite element model based on the general-purpose nonlinear finite element code MSC.Marc by MSC.Software Corporation. This software is capable of simulating the cutting process of low-pressure turbine disks of aircraft jet engines from its very beginning to steady-state conditions. Basically, the present analysis is a coupled thermo-mechanical dynamic-transient problem, based on the update Lagrangian formulation; no pre-defined path is given for the separation of the chip from the workpiece, since material deformation occurs as a continuous indentation performed by the rigid tool. In addition to the cutting parameters, the main inputs in this analysis are material constitutive data, the friction coefficient at the toolchip interface and the cutting tool temperature. All the relevant variables, like stresses, strains, temperatures, chip shape and residual stresses, are predicted in a wide range of cutting conditions. The results from the model are compared to some basic theories of metal cutting and to an experimental study, concerning orthogonal cutting of steel AISI 316L. Concerning the specific case of turning process of nickel alloy Inconel 718 low-pressure turbine disks, the calculated residual stress are compared to experimental measurements from real machined disks.     

Quality control on crimping of large diameter welding pipe

Crimping is used in production of large diameter submerged-arc welding pipes. Many researches are focused on crimping in certain manufacturing mode of welding pipe. The application scopes of research achievements become limited due to lack of uniformity in theoretical analysis. In order to propose a crimping prediction method in order to control forming quality, the theory model of crimping based on elastic-plastic mechanics is established. The main technical parameters are determined by theoretical analysis, including length of crimping, base radius of punch, terminal angle of punch, base radius of die, terminal angle of die and horizontal distance between punch and die. In addition, a method used to evaluate the forming quality is presented, which investigates the bending angle after springback, forming force, straight edge length and equivalent radius of curvature. In order to investigate the effects of technical parameters on forming quality, a two-dimensional finite element model is established by finite element software ABAQUS. The finite element model is verified in that its shapes error is less than 5% by comparable experiments, which shows that their geometric precision meets demand. The crimping characteristics is obtained, such as the distribution of stress and strain and the changes of forming force, and the relation curves of technical parameters on forming quality are given by simulation analysis. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the effects of length of crimping, technical parameters of punch on forming quality are significant. In particular, the data from simulation analysis are regressed by response surface method (RSM) to establish prediction model. The feasible technical parameters are obtained from the prediction model. This method presented provides a new thought used to design technical parameters of crimping forming and makes a basis for improving crimping forming quality.     

阵列微流道电场辅助辊压成形技术研究

提出了电场辅助辊压成形制备大面积阵列微流道结构的工艺方法,修正了传统辊压理论模型,发现增大辊半径和辊齿间隙与齿宽之比可以提高填充高度。通过建立阵列微流道电流辅助热-电-力耦合有限元仿真模型确定了“板对板”通电方式以及辊压工艺方案,开展了不同工艺参数下电场辅助SUS304不锈钢阵列微流道辊压成形试验。结果表明,在辊压成形过程中,板材表面温度分布均匀,但板材横截面电流密度分布不一致,导致微流道不同区域应力分布不同,高密度电流可以降低流动应力的大小且减弱微流道不同区域应力的差异。在工艺参数方面,适当增大辊压力可以提高微流道成形质量,较低的同步辊速有利于微流道的成形。在最佳工艺参数组合下制造出的微流道平均宽度为0.302 mm±0.011 mm,平均深度为0.362 mm±0.010 mm。     

高速车削镍基高温合金GH4169的切削力仿真研究

基于Deform 3D仿真软件建立了GH4169高温合金高速车削的有限元模型,采用四因素三水平正交试验方法研究了切削用量和刀具几何参数对切削力的影响规律,并建立了切削力经验公式。研究结果表明:在高速车削GH4169的过程中,对切削力影响最大的参数是切削深度,其次是进给量和前角,最后是刀尖圆弧半径;切削力随切削深度和进给量的增大而增大,随前角的增大呈现先降低又升高的趋势,而刀尖圆弧半径增大时切削力变化不大;最佳参数组合为:进给量0.2mm/r,切削深度0.4mm,前角10°,刀尖圆弧半径0.2mm。     

无错距强力旋压连杆衬套过程数值模拟研究

以发动机的锡青铜连杆衬套为研究对象,运用DEFORM-3D有限元软件对连杆衬套毛坯的无错距强力旋压过程进行了数值模拟。根据模拟结果,重点分析了在旋压过程中的金属流动速度规律、旋轮的受力以及毛坯的等效应力应变的分布情况。得出了旋压过程中毛坯径向和切向流动速度、大小和方向相似,与毛坯壁厚中心点的流动速度始终相反的正弦分布规律,旋轮所受径向和切向力分布相似且轴向受力最小,旋压过程中等效—应力应变主要分布在旋轮与毛坯的接触区域,远离接触区域的等效—应变较小,毛坯内部存在残余应力等。     

A study of the spinning force of hollow parts with triangular cross sections

The noncircular spinning is one of the recent breakthroughs of the traditional spinning processes. The spinning force is one of the important parameters for designing the spinning equipment and one of the main factors influencing the forming quality of spun parts. The variation of spinning force during noncircular spinning is considerably different from that of the conventional spinning due to the high-speed reciprocating movement of the roller induced by the variable spun workpiece profile. This paper presents an experimental investigation of spinning force characteristics of a hollow part with triangular cross sections using an octagon ring transducer based on electrical measuring method. A series of experiments using profiling driving spinning method was carried out to study the effects of the main process parameters, such as the roller feed rate, blank thickness–diameter ratio, and mandrel rotational speed, on the spinning force characteristics. The important characteristics of the force components of noncircular spinning were discussed based on the electrical measuring results. Furthermore, the variations of force components were compared with those obtained in the cases of conventional spinning and 3D non-axisymmetrical spinning. The results show that different from the conventional spinning and similar to the 3D non-axisymmetrical spinning, the three components of spinning force along the axial, radial, and tangential direction of roller vary periodically with the mandrel rotational angle. Different from the conventional and the 3D non-axisymmetrical spinning, the maximum spinning force is related to the mandrel rotational speed, even if the feed rate of roller remains constant, and increases with the increase of the mandrel rotational speed.     

行星滚柱丝杠副轴向弹性变形的有限元分析

以行星滚柱丝杠副为研究对象,综合考虑螺纹牙接触角和螺旋升角的影响,利用有限元方法计算轴向弹性变形,将有限元解和解析解进行对比,最大误差为4.85%。在此基础上,分析了不同轴向负载作用下接触角和螺旋升角对轴向弹性变形的影响。结果表明,轴向弹性变形中,赫兹接触变形为主要变形;螺纹牙的弹性变形和von Miese应力变化趋势一致,且呈现明显的载荷分布;轴向变形随着接触角和螺旋升角的增大而减小。可见,合理增大接触角和螺旋升角有利于提高行星滚柱丝杠副的传动精度。