Al2O3 coating for improving thermal stability performance of manganese spinel battery

The synthesis of Al₂O₃-coated and uncoated LiMn₂O₄ by solid-state method and fabrication of LiMn₂O₄/graphite battery were described. The structure and morphology of the powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The electrochemical and overcharge performances of Al₂O₃-coated and uncoated LiMn₂O₄ batteries were investigated and compared. The uncoated LiMn₂O₄ battery shows capacity loss of 16.5% after 200 cycles, and the coated LiMn₂O₄ battery only shows 12.5% after 200 cycles. The uncoated LiMn₂O₄ battery explodes and creates carbon, MnO, and Li₂CO₃ after 3C/10 V overcharged test, while the coated LiMn₂O₄ battery passes the test. The steadier structure, polarization of electrode and modified layer are responsible for the safety performance.     

Electrochemical properties of spinel LiMn2O4 and LiAl0.1Mn1.9O3.9F0.1 synthesized by solid-state reaction

Two types of spinel cathode powders, LiMn2O4 and LiAl0.1Mn1.9O3.9F0.1, were synthesized by solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the prepared samples were identified as the spinel structure with a space group of Fd 3 m. The cubic lattice parameter was determined from least-squares fitting of the XRD data. The LiAl0.1Mn1.9O3.9F0.1 sample showed a little lower initial capacity, but better cycling performance than the LiMn2O4 sample at both room temperature and an elevated temperature. The Vanderbilt method was used to test the electrochemical conductivity of the LiMn2O4 samples. The electrochemical impedance spec-troscopy (EIS) method was employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of these spinel LiMn2O4 samples.     

Effect of sintering time on the electrochemical properties of spinel LiMn2O4 synthesized by solid-state reaction

LiMn2O4 powder as a cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries was prepared by solid-state reaction from LitCO3 and electrolytic MnOz at different sintering periods （2, 6, 18, and 32 h）. X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns of the prepared samples are identified as the spinel structure with a space group of Fd3 m. The lattice parameters almost remain the same as the sintering periods increase. The sample with a sintering period of 32 h shows good cycling performance at both low and nigh current densities, and also elevated temperature. It is believed that the excellent electrochemical behavior of this sample results from its good crystallinity and large grain size compared with other samples. Different electrochemical measurements were conducted to investigate the electrochemical properties of spinel LiMn204. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.     

LiMn_2O_4基18650动力电池性能实验研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备LiMn2O4作为正极材料制成18650全电池.用模拟工况实验了市内、市郊、城际3种不同道路工况下对应的电池输出特性,并根据特性曲线分析不同道路工况锰基动力电池的性能.结果表明:LiMn2O4正极材料为尖晶石结构,颗粒均匀,在市内和郊区工况下18650动力电池有较好的性能,而城际工况下电池性能有待提高.     

ZnFe_2O_4纳米粒子磁共振成像性能研究

采用多元醇法制备了粒径约为6nm的ZnFe2O4纳米粒子,通过表面修饰得到了稳定的ZnFe2O4纳米粒子水相分散液。用X-射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、动态光散射仪(DLS)、磁性能测量系统(MPMS)、磁共振分析仪等手段对样品进行表征。结果表明,所制备纳米粒子磁共振成像性能良好。     

Kinetic study of LiMn2O4 in process of lithium intercalation

Exchange current density of spinel LiMn₂O₄ was studied by linear polarization. The relationship of the kinetic property with the structure of spinel LiMn₂O₄ was investigated by studying the effect of the doping and surface coating on the kinetic properties of electrode material. The results show that the exchange current density of spinel LiMn₂O₄ electrode increases with the increase of the amount for lithium intercalation at first, and then decreases. The maximal exchange current density appeares at the 80%–90% lithium intercalation. The similar phenomenon was observed on the doped spinel LiMn₂O₄ electrode. Doping can enhance the exchange current density of spinel LiMn₂O₄ material. However, the degree of the doping effect varies with the doped element varying. Surface coating can also enhance the exchange current density of spinel material, and the increment of value is higher than that of doped ones. Foundation item: Project(50302016) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Preparation of spherical and dense LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 lithium-ion battery particles by spray pyrolysis

With citric acid as a polymeric agent layered LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 materials were synthesized by a spray pyrolysis method. The LiNi0.sCo0.2O2 particles were characterized by means of XRD, SEM and TEM. The electrochemical performances of LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 particles were studied in a voltage window of 3.00-4.35 V and at a current density of 30 mA/g. The results show that in the pilot-scale spray pyrolysis process, the morphology of particles is dependent upon the precursor concentration and flux of carrier gas. The initial discharge capacity of the LiNi0.8Co0.2O2particles at 720 ℃ for 12 h is 187.3 mA.h/g, and the capacity remains 96.8% with excellent cycleability after 30 cycles. The LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 samples synthesized under the optimized conditions by the spray pyrolysis method shows a good electrochemical performance.     

球形LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4材料的嵌脱动力学

为明晰Li Mn1.5Ni0.5O4正极材料的动力学性能,采用水热辅助共沉淀法合成了尖晶石Li Mn1.5Ni0.5O4正极材料,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和电化学阻抗(EIS)研究了材料的结构和锂离子嵌脱动力学.实验结果表明:共沉淀法制备的Li Ni0.5Mn1.5O4材料颗粒呈均匀球形,且平均粒径较小,粒度分布较窄.在循环过程中,Li Ni0.5Mn1.5O4的电荷转移电阻增大,锂离子扩散系数减小,进而电子电导率和离子电导率下降.温度升高后,Li Ni0.5Mn1.5O4材料的溶液电阻变化不大,但是电荷转移电阻逐渐增大,锂离子扩散系数逐渐减小;此外,随着温度的升高,Li Ni0.5Mn1.5O4材料的溶解速度加快,从而导致SEI膜的厚度增大.Li Ni0.5Mn1.5O4材料的嵌脱锂动力学与温度和循环次数有密切关系.     

Influence on performance and structure of spinel LiMn2O4 for lithium-ion batteries by doping rare-earth Sm

The spinel LiMn₂O₄ used as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries was synthesized by mechano-chemistry fluid activation process, and modified by doping rare-earth Sm. Thesting of X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammograms, charge-discharge and SEM was carried out for LiMn₂O₄ cathode materials and the modified materials. The results show that the cathode materials doped rare earth Li _x Mn_2−y Sm _z O₄ (0.95⩽x⩽1.2, 0⩽y⩽0.3, 0⩽z⩽0.2) exhibit standard spinel structure, high reversibility of electrochemistry and excellent properties of charge-discharge. In EC: DMC(1 : 1)+1 mol/L LiPF₆ electrolyte with discharge capacity more than 130 mA · h/g, and its capacity is deteriorated less than 15% after 300 cycles at room temperature and less than 20% after 200 cycles at 55°C. At the same time, Crystal Field Theory was applied to explain the function and mechanism of doped rare earth element. Foundation item: Project (02JJY2081) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province     

Preparation of LiFePO4 for lithium ion battery using Fe2P2O7 as precursor

In order to obtain a new precursor for LiFePO4, Fe2P2O7 with high purity was prepared through solid phase reaction at 650 ℃ using starting materials of FeC2O4 and NH4H2PO4 in an argon atmosphere. Using the as-prepared Fe2P2O7, Li2CO3 and glucose as raw materials, pure LiFePO4 and LiFePO4/C composite materials were respectively synthesized by solid state reaction at 700 ℃ in an argon atmosphere. X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy（SEM） were employed to characterize the as-prepared Fe2P2O7, LiFePO4 and LiFePO4/C. The as-prepared Fe2P2O7 crystallizes in the Cl space group and belongs to β-Fe2P2O7 for crystal phase. The particle size distribution of Fe2P2O7 observed by SEM is 0.4-3.0 μm. During the Li^＋ ion chemical intercalation, radical P2O7^4- is disrupted into two PO4^3- ions in the presence of O^2-, thus providing a feasible technique to dispose this poor dissolvable pyrophosphate. LiFePO4/C composite exhibits initial charge and discharge capacities of 154 and 132 mA·h/g, respectively.     

Fe_3O_4-TiO_2磁性光催化剂的制备与性能

采用化学共沉淀法制备磁性纳米Fe3O4作为磁载体,以溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe3O4-TiO2磁性光催化剂,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射等手段对其进行表征。以亚甲基蓝水溶液为模拟污染物,测试了Fe3O4-TiO2磁性光催化剂的光催化性能,光照90min后,亚甲基蓝的脱色率可达到96.6%,相同条件下TiO2对亚甲基蓝的脱色率为93.6%。在外加磁场作用下,Fe3O4-TiO2磁性光催化剂的平均回收率为85.6%,TiO2离心分离平均回收率为62.7%,Fe3O4-TiO2磁性光催化剂在保证高催化活性的前提下实现了高效回收。     

Characteristics of LiCoO2, LiMn2O4 and LiNi0.45Co0.1Mn0.45O2 as cathodes of lithium ion batteries

LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ was synthesized from Li₂CO₃ and a triple oxide of nickel, cobalt and manganese at 950 °C in air. The structures and characteristics of LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂, LiCoO₂ and LiMn₂O₄ were investigated by XRD, SEM and electrochemical measurements. The results show that LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ has a layered structure with hexagonal lattice. The commercial LiCoO₂ has sphere-like appearance and smooth surfaces, while the LiMn₂O₄ and LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ consist of cornered and uneven particles. LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ has a large discharge capacity of 140.9 mA · h/g in practical lithium ion battery, which is 33.4% and 2.8% above that of LiMn₂O₄ and LiCoO₂, respectively. LiCoO₂ and LiMn₂O₄ have higher discharge voltage and better rate-capability than LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂. All the three cathodes have excellent cycling performance with capacity retention of above 89.3% at the 250th cycle. Batteries with LiMn₂O₄ or LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ cathodes show better safety performance under abusive conditions than those with LiCoO₂ cathodes. Foundation item: Project(50302016) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(2005037698) supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China     

凝胶燃烧法合成尖晶石LiMn2O4粉体及其表征

以丙氨酸和水杨酸为络合剂和燃料,采用凝胶燃烧法制备了锂离子电池正极材料尖晶石LiMn2O4粉体.对凝胶前驱体及烧结产品进行了TG-DTA、XRD分析;通过循环伏安、交流阻抗及充放电测试对该产品的电极过程动力学性质及充放电性能进行了表征.结果表明,该方法烧结温度低、时间短,制备的产品为纯相尖晶石结构;不同电位下溶液电阻、膜电容均保持稳定,Li 扩散系数为10-12～10-10 cm2/s.该材料具有较好的充放电性能.     

双层碳包覆Li4Ti5O12的合成和电化学性能研究

采用固相合成方法制备了双层碳包覆Li_4Ti_5O_(12)复合材料.通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、循环伏安、电化学阻抗和恒流充放电分析等测试,研究了产物的结构、形貌及电化学性能.结果表明:通过碳包覆改性后,Li_4Ti_5O_(12)的容量可明显提高,碳的包覆对Li_4Ti_5O_(12)的结构没有影响;2 C倍率下首次放电比容量为118.8 mAh/g,300次循环后放电比容量仍为108.5 mAh/g,容量保持率为91.3%,具有非常好的电化学性能.     

Preparation of TiO2 photocatalyst loaded with V2O5 for O2 evolution

TiO₂ photocatalysts loaded with V₂O₅ were prepared via a modified hydrolysis process, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectra and diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra measurements. The photocatalytic activity of V₂O₅/TiO₂ was investigated by employing splitting of water for O₂ evolution. The results indicate that V₂O₅ loading can pronouncedly improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ with Fe³⁺ as an electron acceptor under UV or visible light irradiation. The optimum mass fraction of the loaded V₂O₅ is 8%, and the largest speed of O₂ evolution for 8%V₂O₅ (mass fraction) loaded TiO₂ catalyst is 118.2 μmol/(L·h) under UV irradiation, and 83.7 μmol/(L·h) under visible light irradiation.     

Microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of CaO-B2O3-SiO2 glass ceramics with various B2O3 contents

The effects of B2O3 addition on both the sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of CaO-B2O3-SiO2 (CBS) glass ceramics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The results show that the increasing amount of B2O3 causes the increase of the contents of [BO3],[BO4] and [SiO4],which deduces the increase of CaB2O4 and α-SiO2 and the decrease of CaSiO3 correspondingly.No new phase is observed throughout the...     

Structure characteristics and electrochemical properties of LiMn2O4 modified by LiCoO2

In order to improve the cycle performance of LiMn2O4, the modified LiMn2O4 was prepared by solid-state reactions using LiMn2O4 and LiCoO2 as precursors. XRD and EDS were used to study the structure properties of the modified LiMn2O4. The electrochemical properties of the modified LiMn2O4 were also investigated, The results show that Li and Co atoms could insert into the LiMn2O4 crystal lattice and a newly formed spinel phase, modified LiMn2O4 was obtained. The modified LiMn2O4 exhibits excellent cycle ability at room and elevated temperatures compared to pure LiMn2O4. The improved electrochemical stability of the modified LiMn2O4 attributes to the entrance of Li and Co ions inserted into the spinel crystal structure.     

SnO2及SnO2／Fe2O3复合微米材料的合成及表征

本文首先以SnCl2·2H2O为主要原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,利用溶剂热法于180℃反应24h得到了SnO2微球;再以所制备的SnO2微球为前驱体,FeCl3·6H2O为主要原料,通过水热法得到SnO2／Fe2O3复合材料．利用X射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对所得产物进行了表征．结果表明：所得的SnO2为四方锡石型,形貌为微球,平均直径约为2．0μm;复合后得到的SnO2／Fe2O3微球平均直径约为2．5μm．其中,Fe2O3为六方赤铁矿型,在复合物的表面以小颗粒的形式存在,尺寸约为200nm．另外,也对SnO3与SnO2／Fe2O3微球的形成过程进行了讨论．     

制备工艺对LiMn2O4纯度及性能的影响

研究了制备工艺对LiMn2O4纯度的影响机理,同时对LiMn2O4正极在充放电过程中的容量衰减机理进行了探讨.试验结果表明,以硝酸锂和硝酸锰为原料,采用柠檬酸络合法制备纳米LiMn2O4粉体时,前驱体的分解温度区间小,分解速度快,在焙烧过程中容易产生缺氧,使有机物发生炭化,不利于Li、Mn原子的直接结合,因而随着焙烧温度的升高,LiMn2O4的纯度呈下降趋势,300℃预处理可提高纯度;在放电过程中,LiMn2O4颗粒表面发生立方相向四方相(a=0.576 0nm,c=0.945 9nm,轴比c/a=1.642)的相变,导致容量衰减.     

反应温度对微波法合成Fe2V4O13光催化粉体及其光催化性能的影响

以Fe（NO3）3·9H2O和NH4VO3为原料,采用微波水热-煅烧两步法合成了片层状结构单斜相Fe2V4O13光催化剂．以罗丹明B溶液为目标降解物,对不同煅烧温度下合成的Fe2V4O13粉体的光催化性能进行了研究．结果表明：随着煅烧温度的升高,片层状颗粒不断长大,Fe2V4O13光催化剂的结晶性能逐渐增强,粉体的比表面积逐渐减小．350℃和550℃下制备出的片层状粉体分别是由300nm大小及1Arm大小的小颗粒和块状颗粒聚集生长而成,二者都不利于光催化性能的提高;450℃煅烧合成的Fe2V4O13粉体晶化强度良好且粉体间团聚现象较小,具有较大的比表面积,光催化反应活性位点多,有利于光催化反应的进行．该温度下合成的Fe2V4O13粉体在紫外光照射240rain后对罗丹明B溶液的降解率可达到79．0％．