基于FFAT的装载机液压系统故障诊断

在分析装载机液压系统故障特征的基础上,建立了液压系统的故障树层次模型,针对故障树底事件和中间事件发生概率情况获取不足的现状,将模糊集合理论引入到故障树分析中,采用模糊数来刻画事件发生概率,利用模糊重要度来描述底事件对顶事件的影响,并以装载机液压系统中"工作泵"故障树为例进行了分析.结果说明,该方法具有较强的灵活性和适用性.     

一种状态事件故障树的时间特性分析方法

状态事件故障树是一种适合于描述构件化嵌入式系统失效因果链的建模技术,其顶层事件描述失效发生的结果.对顶层事件发生的平均时间进行分析,是获得系统平均失效时间参数的一种有效方法,可为系统的安全性评估提供支持.由于状态事件故障树缺乏严格语义,使得必须先对其进行形式化描述才能进行定量分析.为此,提出了一种基于交互马尔可夫链的状态事件故障树时间特性分析方法.首先,精化交互马尔可夫链的交互动作,建立接口交互马尔可夫链模型,并基于该模型对状态事件故障树的构件和逻辑门进行形式语义描述;其次,通过并行组合构件与逻辑门的形式语义模型,得到整个状态事件故障树的形式语义模型,并在该过程中使用弱互模拟对状态空间进行约简;然后,基于状态事件故障树的形式语义给出顶层事件发生的平均时间计算方法;最后,给出飞机着陆雷达控制系统和喷淋防火系统的状态事件故障树时间特性分析的实例研究.为构件化系统失效时间特性的分析提供了一种新方法.     

基于故障树和规则的故障诊断专家系统

故障树具有便于分析系统结构、刻画系统各事件的关联性优点;规则推理则具有推理直观、符合人类思维习惯优点,文章结合故障树分析和规则推理,提出一种故障诊断专家系统结构,相对解决了专家系统中知识获取困难和如何提高推理效率两个主要难点,最后以一个压一码转换电路板故障为诊断实例,证明了算法和结构的有效性.     

T-S模糊故障树分析方法

提出一种新的T-S模糊故障树分析方法,该方法将模糊逻辑和T-S模糊模型引入到故障树分析中,使故障树具有处理模糊信息的能力.T-S模糊故障树分析中不需要精确了解部件的故障概率,也不需要精确了解故障的机理,从而解决了系统的事件和故障机理的不确定性问题.最后给出了INS/GPS组合导航系统可靠性分析实例.     

基于T-S模糊故障树方法的惯性导航系统可靠性评估

针对传统故障树模型在复杂系统可靠性评估中的局限性,引入T-S模糊故障树建模方法对惯性导航系统进行可靠性评估分析.在建立T-S模糊故障树的基础上,以模糊门算法表征事件之间的逻辑关系,确定了基于基本事件模糊概率和故障程度的复杂系统可靠性评估方法,并对事件进行了概率重要度和关键重要度分析.案例分析表明,T-S模糊故障树分析方...     

.NET平台下故障树分析技术的实现及应用

故障树分析是一种自上而下的方法,通过对可能造成系统故障的硬件、软件、环境、人为因素进行分析,分析得出故障原因的各种可能组合方式,由总体至部分,按树状结构,逐层细化的一种分析方法.开发了故障树分析工具,提供了对规范化故障树定性的割集计算、简化等功能,提出了基于容斥定理的定量化顶事件概率简化计算方法,可满足企业对部件级元件进行故障详细分析的需求.还给出了所开发的系统实现界面,系统已在某企业中得到了具体的应用.     

基于故障树最小割集的故障诊断方法研究

利用故障树分析原理，对基于故障树最小割集的诊断方法进行了研究。在给出故障树顶事件和底事件概率描述的基础上，计算了故障树最小割集的重要度，并在量级上进行了分析比较，为系统的故障源搜寻提供了具体有效的测试步骤。并给出了应用实例。     

因果图向故障树转换的研究

因果图模型可以表示整个复杂系统中各因素见的复杂因果关系,故障树是故障分析和安全可靠性分析的常用模型,如果因果图模型能够转换为故障树模型,将扩大因果图的应用范围,方便故障树建模。因此研究因果图向故障树的转换显得十分重要。文章在分析故障树与因果图概念和表示符号的基础上,提出了因果图转换为故障树的算法。通过因果图向故障树转换可以得到任何事件为顶事件的故障树模型,然后可以采用成熟的FTA方法进行分析,这样因果图模型中的一些问题也可以采用故障树的方法来解决。在假设因果图中的连接事件表示必然因果关系条件下,因果图可以转换为含有可能的因果关系的故障树。研究表明通过微因果树化,因果图可以转换为故障树,所以因果图模型具有广泛的适用性和应用前景。     

基于动态故障树的信息物理融合系统风险分析

针对信息物理融合系统（CPS）中的网络安全攻击会导致系统失效的问题，提出一种基于动态故障树的CPS风险建模及分析方法。首先，对动态故障树和攻击树集成建模，构建攻击-动态故障树（Attack-DFTs）模型；然后，分别采用二元决策图和输入输出马尔可夫链给出攻击-动态故障树中的静态子树和动态子树的形式化模型，并在此基础上给出攻击-动态故障树的定性分析方法，即分析网络安全攻击导致系统失效的基本事件路径；最后，通过一个典型的排污系统应用实例对方法的有效性进行验证。案例分析结果表明，所提方法能够分析CPS中由于网络安全攻击导致系统失效的事件序列，有效实现了CPS的综合安全评估。     

一种带有时间约束故障树分析方法

 在时间域内的行为对安全苛求系统往往是至关重要的,若出现故障,则大量的故障描述都涉及事件之间的时间因素。针对传统故障树不能直观描述和分析这种时间因素的问题,在原有故障树定义的基础上增加时间约束故障树的语义描述,并根据故障树的扩展语义提出时间约束故障树分析方法。给出时间约束逻辑门和事件平均转移率、输入事件到输出事件传播率和到达率的计算方法。设计故障树基本事件和最小割集到达顶事件的传播率和到达率的算法,该算法遍历故障树中每个节点获得基本事件时间重要度和最小割集到达率,从时间重要度角度对基本事件和最小割集的重要度比较。实验结果表明提出的时序分析方法可以为故障诊断和预防提供理论基础。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.