生物柴油标准分析与制定研究

我国生物柴油技术的发展急需生物柴油标准的建立。本文分析了国内外生物柴油标准发展现状,讨论了国内现有生物柴油企业标准。建立了一系列生物柴油质量测试方法,测试了国内典型的3种工业生物柴油样品及原生植物油、柴油及20%生物柴油样品。在对测试结果和国际主要生物柴油标准进行对比和分析的基础上,对我国生物柴油标准的制定提出了建议。     

生物柴油稳定性及稳定剂研究进展

综述了国内外生物柴油稳定性和生物柴油稳定剂的研究发展状况,内容涉及生物柴油的化学组成与基本特征、生物柴油的稳定性及其影响因素、生物柴油的稳定性检测及评价方法、生物柴油稳定剂的种类及性能等,认为添加稳定剂是提高生物柴油稳定性的主要手段。     

生物柴油及其面临的挑战

生物柴油是可再生的清洁能源。简述了生物柴油及国内外生物柴油产业发展现状,阐述了生物柴油的性质,并分析了生物柴油产业未来面临的挑战。     

生物柴油原料资源开发及深加工技术研究进展

生物柴油（脂肪酸甲酯）是一种绿色清洁的再生能源。我国生物柴油产业发展速度很快,但受原料价格高及产品多元化程度低等因素的影响,生物柴油价格高,产业缺乏竞争力。开发多样化的原料资源,进行产品深加工,对于生物柴油产业的发展具有重要的意义。本文综述了国内外生物柴油原料开发利用进展,介绍了国外生物柴油原料资源分布、资源特点及不同原料生物柴油的特点。简述了我国生物柴油原料资源现状及发展策略。介绍了生物柴油深加工技术研究进展,重点阐述了在制备第二代生物柴油、生物降解润滑油基础油、脂肪醇、烷醇酰胺、脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐及绿色增塑剂等方面的研究进展及面临的问题,指出开发高效催化剂是发展生物柴油深加工技术的关键。     

生物柴油的生产现状及发展前景

生物柴油是绿色可再生能源。本文由生物柴油的特性出发,阐述了西方国家和我国生物柴油的发展现状,讨论了各种生物柴油的制备方法及生物柴油的工业应用及存在的主要问题,并展望了该产业的发展前景。     

棉籽油制备生物柴油的研究进展

生物柴油属可再生能源,是一种清洁环保的新型燃料,降低传质阻力、提高生物柴油产率及质量是现今的研究热点。介绍了生物柴油制备用原料油、常用制备方法、强化技术及制备工艺条件。回顾了制备生物柴油常用的原料油,突出了在我国棉籽油制备生物柴油的可行性。综述了现有棉籽油生物柴油的制备方法及强化技术,化学酯交换法是常用的工业棉籽油生物柴油的制备方法,微波及超声强化技术得到应用,并分析提出后续研究方向,水力空化技术及新型反应器的开发为可持续进行生物柴油工业化发展开辟了新的道路。分析了生物柴油制备工艺条件对制备过程的影响,催化剂是有效提高生物柴油产率及质量的重要工艺参数,开发新型负载型固体催化剂及功能化离子液体可为棉籽油生物柴油的发展提供新的思路。     

生物柴油的最新研究进展

综述了三代生物柴油的主要特性及发展现状,叙述了第一代生物柴油的生产方法,第二代生物柴油的主要制备工艺及优缺点,介绍了第三代生物柴油的研究现状与发展前景.     

生物柴油的抗氧化研究进展

生物柴油的氧化稳定性是影响生物柴油贮存与使用的关键问题。本文作者对生物柴油的组成特点、影响生物柴油氧化稳定性的因素及国内外生物柴油抗氧化性能的改善方法进行了分析,重点阐述了抗氧化剂对生物柴油抗氧化性能的影响。     

生物柴油开发与应用

综论了国内外生物柴油的生产现状,对生物柴油的原料及不同原料的生物柴油性状进行了比较,介绍了化学酯交换、生物酶催化和超临界甲醇法等生物柴油的生产工艺,简述了生物柴油未来发展的趋势以及研究方向。     

生物柴油低温流动性及其降凝剂的研究进展

生物柴油是典型的"绿色可再生能源".然而生物柴油的凝点一般在0℃时,其低温结晶和凝胶化限制了生物柴油在低温时的应用.生物柴油低温流动性能主要与生物柴油中的饱和脂肪酸甲酯的含量和分布有关,还与脂肪酸酯的支链程度有关.综述了改善生物柴油低温流动性的方法,降凝剂的作用机理及生物柴油降凝剂的研究、应用及发展前景.     

Soybean and Soybean/Beef-Tallow Biodiesel: A Comparative Study on Oxidative Degradation During Long-Term Storage

Vegetable oils are the primary raw materials used in biodiesel production; however, they usually present oxidative stabilities inferior to the EN 14214 specifications. An alternative to improve the oxidative quality of vegetable oil biodiesel is blending it with animal fat biodiesel. In this paper, we studied the oxidative degradation of soybean/beef-tallow biodiesel (SB) 70/30 and 50/50 (w/w) during long-term storage. Soybean biodiesel (SO) was used as a control sample. The biodiesel samples were stored for 350 days and analyzed periodically via oxidative stability, tocopherol content, peroxide value, polar compounds, and kinematic viscosity. The results showed that SB 70/30 and 50/50 biodiesel samples presented higher oxidative stabilities than SO biodiesel. Additionally, the blends met the limits proposed by EN 14214 for oxidative stability (8 h). During long-term storage, the SB biodiesel showed greater resistance to oxidative degradation, which was indicated by the lower formation of hydroperoxides and polar compounds. Similarly, the decline in the tocopherol content was slower in SB biodiesel. Blends of soybean and beef-tallow biodiesel at levels of 70/30 and 50/50 are, therefore, proper alternatives to improve the oxidative quality of this biofuel.     

国内外生物柴油研究生产现状及发展趋势

可替代柴油的生物柴油在国内外研究及生产的现状和发展趋势,指出了生物柴油的优势及生物柴油制备、应用中存在的问题,分析了发展生物柴油产业对我国石油安全、国民经济建设、农业产业结构调整和环境保护的作用,并展望了该产业的发展前景。     

Sunflower biodiesel production and application in family farms in Brazil

There are limited options available for compact small-scale biodiesel production equipment that produces biodiesel of similar quality as that obtained from an industrial-scale production system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate equipment optimization for producing 40–200 L/day of biodiesel. The equipment was used to produce biodiesel for personal consumption. The produced biodiesel was tested in three microtractors, the principal agricultural machines used in family farms in the Vale do Rio Pardo region of Southern Brazil. Our results demonstrated that the equipment produced biodiesel of sufficient quality according to the limits established by the Brazilian Petroleum National Agency (ANP). In conclusion, this biodiesel can be used in microtractors with little wear on engine parts.     

麻疯树籽油生产生物柴油产业化

麻疯树籽油是具有潜力的生产生物柴油原料。介绍以麻疯树籽油为原料生产生物柴油的技术及所得生物柴油产品性质,分析麻疯树籽油组成对生产工艺选择的影响及与性质的关系,指出综合开发利用麻疯树资源可有效提高以麻疯树籽油为原料生产生物柴油的竞争力,与石化柴油或其它生物柴油混配使用可平衡性质优劣,现有的两步法转化工艺和高温转化工艺可以很好地解决麻疯树籽油生产生物柴油的工艺问题。     

生物柴油制备技术进展

文章概述了近年来国内外制备生物柴油技术,重点介绍了酸碱、生物酶及超临界工艺方法的研究进展,指出了影响我国生物柴油工业化发展的制约因素,提出了降低生物柴油生产成本的解决对策。     

论生物质能源标准体系(Ⅰ)——生物柴油标准化研究进展

生物质能源是清洁可再生能源,本系列讲座以生物质能源主要产品为对象,以产品的物理形态为分类依据,在分析研究国际上主要产品标准化的基础上进行我国生物质能源标准体系的构建。本讲在对国内外生物柴油产业发展状况进行深入剖析的基础上,重点介绍了世界上主要生物柴油产品的标准化情况,并对产品的性能指标进行了对比。针对我国生物柴油产业现状,建议尽快建立符合我国国情的生物柴油产品标准体系。可通过采标的方式,加快我国生物柴油标准的制订。     

Formation of Insolubles in Palm Oil-, Yellow Grease-, and Soybean Oil-Based Biodiesel Blends After Cold Soaking at 4 °C

The insolubles formed in biodiesel blends can cause operation problems because they can plug the fuel lines and filters. The formation of insolubles in soybean oil (SBO-), yellow grease (YG-), and palm oil (PO-) based biodiesel blends after cold soaking at 4 °C was investigated. PO-based biodiesel blends displayed a much higher time to filter (TTF) and greater insoluble mass, compared to SBO-, and YG-based biodiesel blends. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) chromatograms indicated that PO-based biodiesel insolubles can be attributed to monoglycerides, while SBO-based biodiesel insolubles are due to steryl glucosides (SG). A simple analytical method for identification of SG in biodiesel samples was established by GC-FID.     

酸催化合成生物柴油的研究现状

生物柴油生产过程中的催化剂是一个关键问题.目前,在生物柴油的规模化生产中碱催化和酸催化应用最为广泛.与碱催化相比,酸催化由于反应速度慢、所需反应条件苛刻而使其应用受到了限制,然而酸催化制备生物柴油的优点也是显而易见的.简述了在酸催化作用下将高酸值原料油转化为生物柴油的原理、酸催化工艺,主要介绍了国外从机理方面对酸催化剂的研究,涉及酯交换和酯化两个方面.最后对酸催化反应的影响因素以及仍存在的问题也稍加叙述.     

Analyzing biodiesel: standards and other methods

Biodiesel occupies a prominent position among the alternatives to conventional petrodiesel fuel owing to various technical and economic factors. It is obtained by reacting the parent vegetable oil or fat with an alcohol )transesterification) in the presence of a catalyst to give the corresponding monoalkyl esters, which are defined as biodiesel. Because of the nature of the starting material, the production process, and subsequent handling, various factors can influence biodiesel fuel quality. Fuel quality issues are commonly reflected in the contaminants or other minor components of biodiesel. This work categorizes both the restricted species in biodiesel and the physical properties prescribed by the standards, and details the standard reference methods to determine them as well as other procedures. Other aspects of biodiesel analysis, including production monitoring and assessing biodiesel/petrodiesel blends, are also addressed. The types of analyses include chromatographic, spectroscopic, physical properties-based, and wet chemical methods. The justifications for specifications in standards are also addressed.