回波损耗补偿在低频段天线测试中的应用与验证

采用间接时域测量技术测试低频段天线时,测试带宽受到天线工作带宽的限制,导致距离分辨率差、无法精确加门,针对这一问题第一次提出利用回波损耗补偿进行带宽扩展的方法,即使扫频带宽大于天线的工作带宽,在后期的数据处理中,将天线的回波损耗补偿到其频域响应上,补偿后的值与天线在整个扫频带宽内无反射、入射能量全部辐射到自由空间时的频域响应相等,达到带宽拓展的目的。对所提出的方法进行了数学模型推导,并在HFSS和Matlab中进行了仿真验证,结果表明经过回波损耗的补偿修正,所得到的方向图与标准方向图相吻合。     

时间门方法在天线间接时域测量中的应用与验证

针对矩形暗室内多径反射对天线测量精度的影响,引入了间接时域加门的方法;该方法利用逆傅里叶变换对宽带扫频数据进行处理获得天线的时域响应,然后采用时间门去除多径信号,变换到频域后可获得较准确的天线电参数,如方向图等;同时为了减少时域响应的泄漏,进一步提高测量精度,采用了基于频域加窗的逆傅里叶变换;对该方法进行仿真分析和实验验证,结果表明采用该方法得到的方向图与标准方向图基本吻合,具有一定的有效性和实用性。     

双频共面波导天线设计

本文提出了一种基于共面波导结构的工作频率在2.45GHz和5.8GHz的双频带天线的设计。该天线采用了增加突出结构和边缘开槽的方法,通过时域有限差分法(FDTD)对共面波导尺寸的变化进行了仿真与优化,得出了共面波导结构对天线性能的影响,从而给出了相应的结构尺寸。并实际测量了天线的反射参数以及方向图,对比测量结果与仿真结果基本符合。最后本文对本次天线设计做出总结并对测量结果做了误差分析。     

用户环路双绞线电缆故障的阶跃测试方法研究

利用阶跃脉冲代替传统时域反射计(TDR)中的测试矩形脉冲,可较好地解决距离分辨率的问题。同时利用高斯参数估计、短时间常数定位及测试等方法,较好地解决了由于双绞线有限带宽,使阶跃脉冲上升沿在传输过程中出现的“缓升”现象,给故障参数测试造成的精度不高的问题。仿真结果表明：采用上述方法以后,用户双绞线传输系统的故障测试精度有了较大的提高。     

基于微带阵列的天线设计与仿真

研究天线优化问题,为了达到高增益性能,采用天线阵列方法所设计的天线增益在达到一定范围后无法做进一步的提高,带宽偏窄,且占用相当的大小体积.针对上述问题,设计了一款工作于ISM频段的平面微带阵列天线.天线采用的是底边馈电方法对阵元贴片进行馈电,增加天线辐射面积,从而提高天线的增益并减小了天线大小.通过HFSS电磁仿真软件对天线进行仿真与优化,可以得到天线的高增益,并且具有良好的带宽范围.对仿真结果分析可得天线的带宽,增益及方向图性能均要优于传统的的微带阵列天线,空间利用率也高于传统馈电天线,达到优化天线的效果.     

机载天线方向图外场测试技术研究

机载天线装机后,受到机身和机翼的遮挡影响以及载机平台的耦合和散射作用,实际覆盖范围会发生变化,从而引起天线方向图的畸变,使得天线的性能偏离预期效果。在暗室内进行整机天线方向图测量不仅要求暗室静区尺寸足够大,而且对暗室低频性能的要求也很高,因此,室外露天测量是一种可替代的方法。设计了装机天线外场环境测试平台,提出了一种装机天线外场天线方向图校准方法,能够对外场装机天线不同频点的方向图等参数进行测试和校准。外场试验结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

一种共面波导馈电的分形缝隙宽带天线

结合共面波导馈电和分形天线的优点,设计了一种共面波导馈电的正六边形分形缝隙天线。选择正六边形分形缝隙结构,采用渐变的共面波导馈电,不仅拓宽了阻抗带宽,而且实现了天线的小型化。通过计算测量,对天线的阻抗特性、增益和方向图进行了研究。实验表明,此分形缝隙天线的阻抗带宽达到89%,并且在整个工作频段内具有良好的辐射方向特性。     

基于BP神经网络的智能轮胎标签仿真研究

为了更加快捷方便地研究RFID标签植入环境与阅读器阅读距离之间的关系,从而预测植入轮胎中的RFID标签的最大阅读距离;利用FEKO电磁仿真软件建立了不同情况下的天线,并仿真得到反射系数S_11,然后用弗林斯传输方程(Friis)计算得到仿真读取距离,再利用MATLAB强大的数据处理能力,建立BP神经网络预测模型,从而建立起标签天线长度、轮胎中标签与钢丝层的距离、轮胎介电常数和已得到的仿真读取距离之间的BP神经网络模型;最后实际测量值与训练后得到的预测仿真值在误差允许的范围内可以认定为实际测量距离;此方法可以通过建立BP神经网络模型,快速方便地在一定精度范围内预测阅读器的阅读距离。     

短路反射法测量复介电常数的研究

研究了基于波导六端口反射计系统的短路反射法测量介质材料复介电常数的测量原理,通过六端口反射计测量得到介质样品加载前后参考面的复反射系数,求得样品介质的相对介电常数和损耗正切。提出了一种新的求解复超越方程的数值解法,该方法以泰勒近似获取初值,通过梯度迭代得到最终结果,避免了复超越方程中无用多值的出现。实际测试结果表明,该方法可以快速单一地测得介质材料的相对介电常数,且精度较高。     

蝶形天线的计算机仿真设计

蝶形天线是在脉冲型探地雷达中广泛采用的一种宽带天线。本文采用时域有限差分算法(FDTD)结合PML吸收边界条件分析了蝶形天线在高斯脉冲激励下的时域特性,通过傅立叶变换,计算出天线的方向图和在不同频率下的输入阻抗,结果表明FDTD算法用于分析蝶形天线是有效的。     

Design of ultra‐wideband antenna using tapered slot for low‐end frequency extension

In order to extend the lower frequency down, resonant cavities are added to a tapered slot Vivaldi antenna. Using a full‐wave time‐domain method, the effect of the dielectric substrate on the performance of the antenna has been investigated. Permittivity was shown to play an important role in comparisons of wideband frequency range antennas with dielectric constant cases in similar geometries. When dielectric permittivity is increased, the bandwidth is improved, and when the resonant cavity is added, the low‐end frequency response is extended even lower than 500 MHz. Results from a conventional tapered slot edge compared to a tapered slot edge with resonant cavity Vivaldi antennas with different dielectric permittivity qualitatively supports the effect of the different substrate. Verification has been implemented by using the numerical method of pseudospectral time‐domain with alternating‐direction‐implicit method, and by the experiment. The simulation results show very good agreement with the experiment. Both results proved that our design is available.     

Design of Miniature UWB-Based Antenna by Employing a Tri-Sectional SIR Feeder

A novel ultra-wideband (UWB)-based microstrip antenna is presented in this work by using a slotted patch resonator, a tri-sectional stepped impedance resonator (SIR) feeder, as well as a reduced ground plane. The whole structure was realized on an FR4 substrate. The impact of incorporating several cases of ground planes on the input reflection has been thoroughly investigated under the same tri-sectional SIR feeder and by employing a slotted patch radiator. Since the complete ground plane presents an inadequate frequency response, by reducing the ground plane, the induced UWB responses are apparent while the antenna exhibits higher impedance bandwidth. The impact of both the uniform impedance resonator (UIR) as well as the SIR feeder on the input reflection has also been examined by following the same adopted reduced ground technique and using a slotted patch radiator. As a result, the UIR feeder exhibits a dual-band frequency response, when a wide notched band is incorporated in the range from 4.5–6.5 GHz. The dual-band response of the bi-sectional SIR feeder is still apparent with a narrower notched band in the frequency range from 4–5 GHz. As far as the tri-sectional SIR feeder is concerned, the UWB response is discernible without recording the existence of a notched band. Additionally, the antenna displays a higher impedance bandwidth compared with the previously reported steps. Our proposed antenna configuration is designed with highly compact dimensions and an overall size of 14 × 27.2 mm². Moreover, it operates under the impedance bandwidth of 2.86–10.31 GHz that can be leveraged for numerous applications where wireless systems are used. Our approach presents several advantages compared with the other reported UWB-based antennas in the literature, whereas the measured S₁₁ pattern is in good agreement with the simulated one.     

基于等效面积法的UWB天线设计

探讨了应用于单极子天线设计的圆柱体近似方法。主要阐述了1种用等效面积法设计超宽带（UWB）天线的方法,并仿真设计了一款抛物闭合面曲面的UWB天线。与传统方法相比,大大降低设计费用和计算量,且易于工程实现。通过仿真的阻抗带宽和辐射方向图,发现该方法设计的天线在整个带宽内辐射方向图比较一致,且有较好的全向辐射特性。     

Characteristic analysis of reverse‐L‐shaped microstrip‐fed large‐bandwidth printed slot antenna

The characteristics of a reverse‐L‐shaped microstrip‐fed structure is analyzed using the finite difference time domain method, and the characteristics of the proposed antenna are compared with a conventional antenna. The return loss, radiation resistance, and voltage–standing wave ratio in the frequency domain are calculated by Fourier transforming the time domain results. When the proposed feed structure is used, the bandwidth is extended in proportion to the slot width and the radiation resistance has the low value. When the slot width is 16 mm, the experimental bandwidth is approximately 50% (?10 dB ≥ S₁₁) at the center frequency of 2.3 GHz. In addition, the experimental data for the impedance and radiation pattern of the antenna are described. They are in good agreement with the calculated results. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 12, 496–502, 2002. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mmce.10055     

Polarizer superstrate and SRR‐loaded high‐gain dual band dual polarized waveguide slot array antenna

This article presents a high‐gain dual band dual polarized waveguide slot array antenna. Three split ring resonators (SRRs) are placed on the transverse plane of a slotted waveguide at uniform distance to achieve dual band response whereas a polarizer superstrate has been used to change the linear polarization of the lower band to circular polarization. Ansys HFSS 14.0 has been used for simulation and optimization purpose. Proposed antenna shows two 10 dB return loss bandwidth covering the frequency range 8.41‐8.88 and 9.31‐10.43 GHz, respectively. The lower band offers a circular polarization and upper band offers a linear polarization.     

A π/4 bi‐orthogonal monopole antenna for operation on and beyond of the UWB band

An ultra‐wideband (UWB) π/4 bi‐orthogonal monopole antenna with a highly omnidirectional radiation pattern in the azimuthal plane with a quasi‐independent on the frequency behavior is presented in this article. Here, it is shown that by combining two orthogonal UWB planar monopole elements rotated 45° with respect to each other in a single structure, it is possible to enhance the performance of the radiation pattern at high frequencies of the operational bandwidth without affecting the radiation pattern at lower frequencies. The measured antenna bandwidth goes from 2.82 to 16.7 GHz for a reflection coefficient lower than ?10 dB. The radiation pattern remains almost omnidirectional, and it is enhanced with respect to a conventional single planar monopole antenna of similar characteristics. The basic element used for both the single and the proposed π/4 bi‐orthogonal UWB planar monopole antenna has a rectangular shape, whose impedance bandwidth ratio is achieved based on the bevelling and height‐width ratio techniques. Although the antenna prototype presented in this article has an operational bandwidth of 13.88 GHz, it is possible to design a UWB monopole antenna with the shape and structure proposed here, but for different bandwidths following a design methodology suggested also in this article. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2011.     

Further slot antenna miniaturization and bandwidth enhancement

In this work, antenna miniaturization using slits and metallic strips fed by microstrip line has been demonstrated. It has been noticed that slot antenna fed by microstrip line provides more miniaturization and in some cases enhanced bandwidth in comparison with the slot antenna fed by other feeding mechanism, keeping the same length and width of the radiating slots, slits and metallic strips. We have achieved 51.67% reduction in resonant frequency and 74.72% improvement in ?10 dB bandwidth compared with 37.73% and no bandwidth improvement of either side slits loaded slot antenna topology. Further, it has been shown 63.52% reduction in resonant frequency and 2.23% improvement in ?10 dB bandwidth in comparison with 42.33% reduction in resonant frequency of only one side slits loaded slot antenna topology. The current work highlighted not only greater miniaturization and enhanced bandwidth but also almost unperturbed radiation pattern compared to reference antenna topology and low cross‐pol level even slot antenna loaded by only one side slits, which was not demonstrated in earlier works.     

A dual feed PIN diode based switchable multiband planar meandered antenna for intelligent transportation system application

This article presents a dual feed switchable coplanar linearly polarized multiband meandered microstrip patch antenna. The antenna provides multiband functionalities with switching allowable at one of the nine adjacent frequencies. The proposed antenna, loaded with two symmetric PIN diodes, comprises dual‐patch configuration and excited by coplanar microstrip feeds, it operates within 1 to 15 GHz frequency bands. The induced current of the antenna can be changed by switching the diodes, resulting in different operating frequency bands. The antenna has a nearly broadside radiation pattern and the impedance bandwidth is obtained up to 47% having a center frequency of 2.4 GHz for band range of 1 to 15 GHz. The measured gain of the antenna for 1.57, 2.4, 4.5, 4.71, 5.9, 6.53, 7.59, 10.8, and 11.87 GHz are 5, 5, 7, 6, 6.1, 4.4, 3.8, 3.5, and 1.87 dBi, respectively. The antenna has advantages of the simple biasing network, easy fabrication, and adjustment. It is suitable for many modern wireless communication systems like intelligent transportation system. This antenna is also useful in direct broadcast satellite applications.     

Design of a printed log‐periodic dipole array antenna with high gain for millimeter‐wave applications

In this article, a V‐band printed log‐periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna with high gain is proposed. The antenna prototype is designed, simulated, fabricated, and tested. Simulation results show that this antenna can operate from 42 to 82 GHz with a fractional impedance bandwidth of 64.5% covering the whole V‐band (50–75 GHz). The antenna has a measured impedance matching bandwidth that starts from 42 to beyond 65 GHz with good agreement between the experimental and simulated results. At 50 and 65 GHz, the antenna has a measured gain of 10.45 and 10.28 dBi, respectively, with a gain variation of 2.6 dBi across the measured frequency range. The antenna prototype exhibits also stable radiation patterns over the operating band. It achieves side‐lobe suppression better than 17.26 dB in the H‐plane and better than 8.95 dB in the E‐plane, respectively. In addition, the cross‐polarization component is 18.5 dB lower than the copolarization with front‐to‐back ratio lower than 24.1 dB in both E‐ and H‐planes across the desired frequency range. Based on a comparison of performance among the reported work in the literature, we can say that the proposed PLPDA antenna is a proper candidate to be used in many applications at V‐band frequency. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:185–193, 2015.     

有源电光调制式高功率瞬态电场传感器的研制

瞬态电场防护及应用技术的研究离不开瞬态电场测试系统;文中基于有源电光调制法,研制了一种高功率瞬态电场传感器;通过建立该传感器的等效电路模型,并借助CST仿真建模,分别从频域和时域角度分析了传感器的接收特性,并得到了一致的结果;最后利用脉冲噪声模拟器和吉赫兹横电磁波小室对研制的传感器性能进行了测试;结果表明:接收天线为单极子天线,天线负载采用高阻时响应电压与被测电场场强成正比;研制的传感器带宽为10kHz～314MHz,可用于纳秒级高功率瞬态电场的时域测试。