纳米金属Cu粉制备新方法及其对润滑油性能的影响

以无机铜盐为铜源,加入正己醇、span-80、tween-80,在N2气氛保护下,制得粒度可控、粒径在20-50nm的纳米铜,经SEM分析为球形,用四球摩擦试验机测试含有纳米铜润滑油的极压抗磨性能,结果表明,纳米铜粉的粒度越小,润滑油的极压抗磨性能越佳。     

Extreme pressure properties of multi-component oil-based nanofluids

Multi-component oil-based nanofluids were prepared by dispersing two different carbons and silver nanoparticles in lubricating oil; then, their tribological properties were investigated using a four-ball tribotester and FZG machine. Each nanofluid demonstrated excellent wear resistance or extreme pressure (EP) properties, but not both properties simultaneously. Therefore, a new concept of a mixed nanofluid was developed to satisfy the wear and EP properties. The multi-component mixed nanofluids containing graphite and Ag nanoparticles not only demonstrated enhanced load carrying and anti-wear properties, but also reduced the electric power consumption by more than 4.8% compared with the base oil in the FZG test.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of the rheological properties of graphene–PAO nanofluids

Graphene is a promising additive for lubricants. The rheological properties of graphene nanofluids have a significant impact on the tribological performance of base oil. In this case, rheological properties including viscosity, density, mean square displacement and diffusion coefficient of graphene–PAO nanofluids were investigated by using the nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations in order to understand the effects of graphene on the rheological properties of base oil under extreme conditions. The molecular dynamics model was validated according to the experimental and numerical statistics reported by other researchers. The simulation results reflected that the viscosity of base oil was effectively improved by adding graphene nanoparticles. As the concentration of graphene increased, the viscosity of nanofluids becomes higher. However, the diffusion coefficient reached its highest value (3.73?×?10^?9 m²/s) with nanofluids containing two pieces of graphene in the system. Furthermore, we found that the graphene played a more significant role in enhancing the viscosity of base oil at high temperature and pressure. The viscosity was especially improved by 290.2% at 0.1 MPa, 500 K. The boiling point of the base oil became higher than 800 K after adding graphene. To our best knowledge, this work is the first study of the rheological properties of graphene–PAO nanofluids using molecular dynamic simulations.     

Determination of effective specific heat of nanofluids

The effective specific heat of several types of nanofluids are measured by transient double hot-wire technique. Sample nanofluids are prepared by suspending 1–5 volume percentages of titanium dioxide (TiO₂), aluminium oxide (A1₂O₃) and aluminium (Al) nanoparticles in various base fluids, such as deionised water, ethylene glycol and engine oil. The effective specific heats of these nanofluids were found to decrease substantially with increased volume fraction of nanoparticles. Besides particle volume fraction, particle materials and base fluids also have influence on the effective specific heat of nanofluids. Except Al/engine oil-based nanofluid, predictions of the effective specific heat of nanofluids by the volume fraction mixture rule-based model showed reasonably good agreement with the experimental results. Based on the calibration results obtained for the base fluids, the measurement error is estimated to be within 2.77%.     

石墨烯和氧化石墨烯水基润滑添加剂在镁合金冷轧中的摩擦学行为EI北大核心CSCD

选用石墨烯和氧化石墨烯作为水基润滑添加剂,对比研究两种纳米材料对AZ31镁合金在冷轧过程中的摩擦学性能的影响。采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和拉曼光谱仪(Raman)对石墨烯和氧化石墨烯水基润滑液润滑条件下轧后板材表面形貌和成分进行了分析,探讨了石墨烯和氧化石墨烯作为水基润滑添加剂的润滑机理。结果表明,石墨烯和氧化石墨烯在水中最优含量为0.5%(质量分数),摩擦因数分别为0.132和0.038,磨损体积分别为23.1 mm^3和2.59 mm^3。同时氧化石墨烯水基润滑液优良的润滑性能降低了镁合金轧制过程中的轧制力,改善了轧后板材表面质量。相同测试条件下,氧化石墨烯水基润滑液的润滑性能优于石墨烯水基润滑液,主要原因是其在水中良好的分散性和在镁合金表面优异的润湿性。     

Low-friction behaviour of boundary-lubricated diamond-like carbon coatings containing tungsten

It is generally accepted and well described that the mechanism by which extreme-pressure (EP) and antiwear (AW) additives reduce the friction and wear of metallic surfaces under boundary lubrication is the formation of tribochemical films. Although investigations of diamond-like carbon (DLC)-coated surfaces showed improved tribological properties when lubricated by additivated oil, the mechanism responsible is not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of the investigation was to determine the mechanism responsible for the low-friction behaviour of W-containing DLC coatings when lubricated with polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil containing EP or AW additives and to obtain some further understanding to this important area.The results of the present investigation clearly show that low-friction behaviour of boundary-lubricated W-DLC coatings is governed by formation of WS₂-containing tribofilms on the steel countersurface or exposed steel substrate, which reduce friction by up to 50%.     

石墨烯与多壁碳纳米管增强环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能

对多壁碳管(MWCNTs)进行改性处理得到酸化碳管(MWCNTs-COOH)和环氧化碳管(MWCNTs-Epon828), 将石墨烯(Graphene)与不同的碳管分别混合, 制备出三种Graphene-MWCNTs/环氧树脂(EP)复合材料。通过拉伸和热重实验研究了石墨烯与MWCNTs的协同作用、 两者的含量以及MWCNTs功能化方法对复合材料力学和热学性能的影响。结果表明: 石墨烯与MWCNTs的协同增强明显优于MWCNTs单独增强。当石墨烯和MWCNTs质量分数仅为0.1%时, Graphene-MWCNTs-Epon828/EP的拉伸强度达最大值, 其拉伸强度、 弹性模量和断裂伸长率分别较纯EP增加了35%、 65%和34%。石墨烯和MWCNTs的加入使Graphene-MWCNTs/EP复合材料的热稳定性均有所提高。     

多元碳纳米材料协同改性玻璃微珠/环氧树脂复合材料

采用静电自组装法制备了还原氧化石墨烯表面修饰中空玻璃微珠（rGO@HGB）,与导电炭黑（CB）、石墨烯纳米片（GNPs）一起与环氧树脂（EP）共混,制备了CB-GNPs-rGO@HGB/EP复合材料,并系统研究了复合材料的微观结构、导电性能和介电性能。结果表明,rGO@HGB的加入能够显著提高rGO@HGB/EP复合材料的导电性能和介电常数,进一步引入CB和GNPs后,形成了被rGO@HGB隔离的导电逾渗网络,rGO、CB和GNPs三者对提高CB-GNPs-rGO@HGB/EP复合材料性能具有协同作用。在CB与GNPs的总含量固定为0.2vol%,且二者的体积比为10:1时,CB-GNPs-rGO@HGB/EP复合材料的导电与介电性能最优,对应的体积电阻率为1.88×104 Ωcm,在1 kHz下的介电常数高达454.5,分别比CB-rGO@HGB/EP和GNPs-rGO@HGB/EP复合材料提高了11.3%和10.7%,而其介电损耗仅为0.065。      

Rheological properties of magnetic and electro-active nanoparticles in non-polar liquids

The rheological properties of two non-polar liquids [silicone oil or perfluorinated oil (FC70)] containing various types of particles, barium titanate, nickel and iron oxide, were investigated as functions of solid loading, particle size and shear rate. All the particles were synthesised in-house. The viscosities of either silicone oil or FC70 containing different solid loadings (10, 20 and 30 g/L) were measured over the shear rate range of 0.10–10 s⁻¹. All the nanofluids showed shear-thinning behaviour within this range and the viscosities increased with the increase of concentrations of nanoparticle and with the decrease of particle size. The highest increase of viscosity was found to be caused by nickel particles in silicone oil due to the formation of Ni network.     

Study on the supercooling degree and nucleation behavior of water-based graphene oxide nanofluids PCM

This article aimed to study the supercooling degree and nucleation behavior of nanofluids phase change material. The nanofluids were prepared by adding small fraction of graphene oxide nanosheets in deionized water without any dispersants. The supercooling degree of nanofluids with different concentrations was tested experimentally. The results show that the supercooling degree can be reduced by 69.1%, and the nucleation was started in advance, shorting the time by 90.7%. Theoretical analysis based on the heterogeneous nucleation theory indicates that ice crystal nucleus cannot grow on the thickness surface of the graphene oxide nanosheet, while it can grow on the top or bottom surface of the nanosheet only when the supercooling degree ΔT and the nanosheets size D meet the formulaD⋅ΔT≥4.2×10⁻⁸. Our study implies that graphene oxide nanofluids have the potential to be used as PCMs in cold storage applications because of their low supercooling degree and rapid nucleation behavior.     

Tribological properties of lubricating oil-based nanofluids with metal/carbon nanoparticles

Oil-based nanofluids were prepared by dispersing several metal and/or carbon nanoparticles in lubricating oil, and their tribological properties were investigated using a four-ball tribotester and an FZG machine. Each nanofluid can possess excellent wear resistance or extreme pressure capacity, but not both. Therefore, a new concept of mixed nanofluids was developed to satisfy both properties at the same time. The mixed nanofluids containing graphite and Ag nanoparticles not only showed enhanced load-carrying and anti-wear properties in the FZG gear rig test but also reduced the electric-power consumption by more than 3% compared to the base oil.     

石墨烯纳米流体研究进展

润滑与冷却是当前工业领域两个重要的议题。前者与机械装置、零部件的使用可靠性和寿命直接相关,对减少摩擦产生的能耗具有重大意义,而后者对于高功率密度器件的热管理至关重要。二者的结合在航空航天、汽车机械等领域广泛存在,而纳米流体是一种很好的承载二者的工作介质。本文针对石墨烯纳米流体这一热点,综述了石墨烯纳米流体的分散理论基础与方法,对影响石墨烯纳米流体悬浮稳定性因素进行了调研,归纳总结了纳米流体的导热机理、影响因素以及石墨烯纳米流体进展,分析了纳米流体未实现大面积应用的主要原因,同时对石墨烯作为添加剂应用于润滑领域的进展进行了评述。最终提出石墨烯纳米流体协同增强换热与减磨润滑的应用设计。在航天器等应用领域中,由于对石墨烯纳米流体的力热耦合综合性能缺乏广泛研究,以及航天器稳定性和长期运行可靠性等问题,未来的研究应以航天传热工质为基础,进行纳米粒子针对性设计,通过系统开展基于空间环境动态流动换热性能与回路寿命的研究,为未来实现纳米流体的航天器应用奠定理论基础和提供技术支撑。     

Tribological and Repairing Properties of Combined Nanoparticle SiO2/ZnO

A type of additive-SiO2/ZnO combined nanoparticle were obtained by chemical method. The tribologica land repairing properties as lube additives have been studied by four-ball tester and ring-on-block tribotesters. The morphographies of the worn surfaces were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results show that the additive possesses excellent extreme-pressure( EP), anti-wear(AW) , friction reducion and self-repairing properties. The lubrication and repairing mechanism is inferred that SiO2/ZnO combined nanoparticle is sedimented on the surface of steel, the lower surface film is formed under the high temperature and high pressure. The film possess excellent anti-wear , friction-reducing and repairing properties.     

A Short Overview on Graphene-Based Nanofluids

International Journal of Thermophysics - In this short review, the nanofluids based on graphene and graphene derivatives are discussed in terms of thermophysical properties. Regular heat transfer...     

石墨烯无溶剂纳米流体的制备及其在防腐导热涂料中的应用

通过在氧化石墨烯(GO)表面沉积Fe₃O₄纳米粒子制备得到GO@Fe₃O₄复合纳米粒子,再进一步通过表面接枝KH560-M2070,成功制备出石墨烯无溶剂纳米流体,从而改善石墨烯类材料在环氧树脂基体中的分散性和相容性。采用TEM、XRD分析方法对制备的石墨烯无溶剂纳米流体进行表征,同时对石墨烯流体/环氧树脂涂层的耐水、耐酸碱和导热性能进行了探究。     

封闭腔内MWCNT纳米流体自然对流传热的数值模拟

采用Fluent软件对封闭腔内纳米流体层流自然对流换热进行了数值模拟研究.重点分析了Ra数和纳米颗粒的体积分数对自然对流换热特性的影响.数值模拟结果表明:在机油中添加多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)粒子并没有提高基液的自然对流传热特性;对于给定的Ra数下,随着纳米颗粒体积分数的增大,纳米流体的传热特性也随之减弱;对于给定的体积分数,随着Ra数的增大,纳米流体的传热特性显著增强,但纳米流体的传热性能比机油的要弱,且在同一体积分数下随着Ra数的增大,传热性能减弱的程度要减小.     

Characterization and stability analysis of oil‐based copper oxide nanofluids for medium temperature solar collectors

Thermal oils are widely used as heat transfer fluids in medium temperature applications. Addition of small amounts of nanoparticles in such fluids can significantly improve their thermophysical properties. This paper presents experimental investigation of an oil‐based nanofluids prepared by dispersing different concentrations (0.25 wt%–1.0 wt%) of copper oxide nanoparticles in Therminol‐55 oil using two‐step method. Shear mixing and ultrasonication were used for uniform distribution and de‐agglomeration of nanoparticles to enhance the stability of the suspensions. The effect of nanoparticles concentrations on thermophysical properties of the nanofluids was analysed by measuring thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, effective density and specific heat capacity at different temperatures (25 °C–130 °C). Thermal conductivity exhibited increasing trend with rising temperature and increase in nanoparticles loading. A significant decrease in dynamic viscosity and effective density against increasing temperature makes it suitable for medium temperature applications. Nano‐oils with improved thermal properties are expected to increase the efficiency of concentrating solar thermal collectors.     

不同沉积物无溶剂纳米石墨烯流体/环氧树脂复合材料阻燃性能对比

分别以沉积碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和羟基锡酸锌的石墨烯片层(GNS)纳米粒子为核、表面活性剂KH560为颈状层、聚醚胺M2070为冠状层,制备了无溶剂(GNS-MWCNTs)@M2070流体及无溶剂(GNS-ZHS)@M2070流体。将质量分数为2.0wt%的两种无溶剂纳米流体分别加入环氧树脂(EP)中,制备了无溶剂(GNS-MWCNTs)@M2070/EP和(GNS-ZHS)@M2070/EP复合材料,并对其热性能和阻燃性能进行研究。锥形量热测试结果表明,纯EP、(GNS-MWCNTs)@M2070/EP、(GNS-ZHS)@M2070/EP的火焰增长速率(FIGRA)值分别为3.682,3.118和4.391kW(m~2·s)~(-1),同时,相比(GNS-MWCNTs)@M2070/EP,含有(GNS-ZHS)@M2070的EP基复合材料较纯环氧树脂具有更低的生烟速率(SPR)、生烟总量(TSR)和一氧化碳释放量(COP)值,说明沉积有羟基锡酸锌的石墨烯片层纳米粒子为核的无溶剂纳米流体对提高环氧树脂阻燃性能更为有效。     

Multifold interface and multilevel crack propagation mechanisms of graphene oxide/polyurethane/epoxy membranes interlaminar-toughened carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites

Graphene oxide/polyurethane/epoxy (GO/PU/EP) membranes were directly fabricated by functionalization of graphene oxide with epoxy-grafted polyurethane (GO-UE), and the interface correlation and crack propagation mechanisms in GO/PU/EP membranes interlaminar-toughened carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites were investigated. The functionalized GO-UE with corrugation and scrolling nature of graphene sheets was evenly dispersed in GO/PU/EP membranes below 0.50 wt% loading. Mode I fracture toughness, flexural properties and interlaminar shear strength of GO/PU/EP membranes-toughened composites were enhanced in comparison with untoughened composites and PU/EP membranes-toughened composites, which was ascribed to the multifold interface bonding between the GO-UE layers, epoxy matrix and carbon fiber. Schematic models of multilevel crack propagations were proposed based on different crack extension directions to GO-UE and the morphology evolutions of GO-UE in the interlaminar region and at the carbon fiber interface in toughened composites, which highlighted the toughening mechanisms of crack pinning, crack deflection and separation between GO-UE layers.     

Preparation,characterization, viscosity,and thermal conductivity of nitrogen-doped graphene aqueous nanofluids

Nanofluids perform a crucial role in the development of newer technologies ideal for industrial purposes. In this study, Nitrogen-doped graphene (NDG) nanofluids, with varying concentrations of nanoparticles (0.01, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 wt%) were prepared using the two-step method in a 0.025 wt% Triton X-100 (as a surfactant) aqueous solution as a base. Stability, zeta potential, thermal conductivity, viscosity, specific heat, and electrical conductivity of nanofluids containing NDG particles were studied. The stability of the nanofluids was investigated by UV–vis over a time span of 6 months and concentrations remain relatively constant while the maximum relative concentration reduction was 20 %. The thermal conductivity of nanofluids was increased with the particle concentration and temperature, while the maximum enhancement was about 36.78 % for a nanoparticle loading of 0.06 wt%. These experimental results compared with some theoretical models including Maxwell and Nan’s models and observed a good agreement between Nan’s model and the experimental results. Study of the rheological properties of NDG nanofluids reveals that it followed the Newtonian behaviors, where viscosity decreased linearly with the rise of temperature. It has been observed that the specific heat of NDG nanofluid reduced gradually with the increase of concentration of nanoparticles and temperature. The electrical conductivity of the NDG nanofluids enhanced significantly due to the dispersion of NDG in the base fluid. This novel type of fluids demonstrates an outstanding potential for use as innovative heat transfer fluids in medium-temperature systems such as solar collectors.