Decision feedback data detection in frequency domain for single carrier cyclic prefix assisted CDMA systems: A sequential quadratic programming approach

This paper proposes a frequency domain decision feedback data receiver for the uplink transmission of broadband single carrier cyclic prefix-assisted CDMA systems. The optimum data detection problem based on the maximal-likelihood criteria for this system is addressed as a combinatorial optimization problem. A sequential quadratic programming approach is proposed to solve this problem. The parallel gradient projection method and projected successive over relaxation algorithm are proposed to solve the sequential quadratic programming problem, which corresponds to low-complexity nonlinear parallel and successive interference cancellation schemes in frequency domain. The convergence properties and the complexities of these methods are analyzed and compared with conventional methods. The simulation results show that, with a few iterations, the proposed scheme gives near single user performance even for fully loaded systems.     

采用串行干扰消除的CDMA蜂窝系统中的跨层资源管理*

在采用串行干扰消除的CDMA蜂窝系统中,资源的稀缺性以及不同的译码顺序导致不同的系统性能等因素的存在,使得研究联合译码顺序调整的跨层资源管理很有必要。讨论了这类系统中无线资源管理的研究现状,包括功率控制、速率分配、容量分析与接纳控制等方面,分析了当前研究的局限性;给出了跨层资源管理的进一步研究方向。     

无循环前缀单载波频域均衡及信道估计算法

单载波频域均衡(Single Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization,SC-FDE)技术可以有效地消除符号间干扰(ISI),相对于OFDM,具有较低的峰均比(PAPR),因此成为宽带无线通信关键技术之一。传统的SC-FDE系统需要在发送帧前面加入循环前缀(Cyclic-Prefix,CP),且CP长度要大于信道最大多径时延,这就降低了频带利用率,使得发射机功率增加。在取消CP情况下,通过隐训练序列获得信道脉冲响应估计信息,之后利用虚拟补零技术,恢复发送信号和信道的循环卷积,并通过迭代处理消除干扰。仿真结果表明,在信噪比大于3 d B后,算法误码率便接近相同信噪比条件下的高斯白噪声信道,性能较为理想。     

DS-CDMA系统中结合串行干扰消除的资源分配

提出一种启发式算法,用于求解资源分配问题.算法分为两层:内层检验方法调整译码顺序,并快速检验速率模式的可行性;外层更新机制通过遗传算法有效地更新速率模式.从理论上证明了该算法能完全收敛于全局最优.仿真结果表明,在有限代的进化中,修正遗传算法适值函数的外层更新并结合内层检验,能获得良好的性能,快速有效地分配资源.     

STC-OFDM系统改进的消除串行干扰算法

STC-OFDM系统有效弥补了正交频分复用多址系统中符号间干扰和频率选择性衰落等不足,但存在如何有效抑制因多天线传输产生的相互干扰问题.为此,提出了一种结合信道频率响应恢复和串行干扰消除来抑制干扰的改进算法,该算法在串行干扰消除之前先对导频进行信道频率响应恢复,减小估计对信道频率响应的影响.仿真实验表明,该算法能进一步改善STC-OFDM系统比特误码率并进而抑制相互干扰.     

A novel energy-efficient ICI cancellation technique for bandwidth improvements through cyclic prefix reuse in an OFDM system

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), a very promising technique that is leading the evolution in wireless mobile communication to sideline the bandwidth scarcity issue in spectrum allocation, is severely affected by the undesirable effects of the frequency offset error, which generates inter carrier interference (ICI) due to the Doppler shift and local oscillator frequency synchronization errors. There are many ICI cancellation techniques available in the literature, such as self-cancellation (SC), maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), and windowing, but they present a tradeoff between bandwidth redundancy and system complexity. In this study, a new energy-efficient, bandwidth-effective technique is proposed to mitigate ICI through cyclic prefix (CP) reuse at the receiver end. Unlike SC and MLE where the whole OFDM symbol data is transmitted in duplicate to create redundancy at the transmitter end, the proposed technique uses the CP data (which is only 20% of the total symbol bandwidth) to estimate the channel, and it produces similar results with a huge bandwidth saving. The simulation results show that the proposed technique has a significant improvement in error performance, and a comparative analysis demonstrates the substantial improvement in energy efficiency with high bandwidth gain. Therefore, it outperforms the legacy ICI cancellation schemes under consideration.     

采用非线性串行干扰消除的DS-CDMA系统中最优检测顺序的研究*

在采用串行干扰消除的DS-CDMA系统中,不同的检测顺序导致不同的系统性能。研究在这样的系统中如何调整检测顺序以最小化总发射功率的问题。不同于已有研究,考虑非理想情况下的非线性串行干扰消除接收机,并且外小区干扰不再假设为独立于用户发射（接收）功率。在这样的前提下,根据给定检测顺序下最优功率分配的表达式,推导出了能够最小化总发射功率的最优检测顺序。仿真实验展示了不同检测顺序下系统的发射功率要求,证实了最优检测顺序有助于降低总发射功率。相应地,可将基于最优检测顺序的功率分配机制用于实际系统。     

Successive interference V-BLAST systems with transmission mode cancellation （SIC）in asynchronous

The V-BLAST system with asynchronous transmission mode first proposed by Shao can achieve full diversity only by using a simple linear detection scheme under zero forcing (ZF) criterion; therefore it gives a reasonable tradeoff between complexity and performance. In this paper, we propose two types of successive interference cancellation (SIC) detection schemes for the asynchronous V-BLAST system, one is characterized by applying M _r successive interference cancellators before a maximal ratio combiner (where M _t is the number of receive antennas), and the other has a maximal ratio combiner before a successive interference cancellator. Since Type I consumes more energy of the previously detected signals to recover a signal, Type II can offer a better performance and simulations demonstrate its validity.     

Performance analysis of peak cancellation in OFDM systems

Peak cancellation is a class of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction techniques for orthogo-nal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM).It can control the PAPR and out-of-band radiation simultaneously at the cost of additional interference.In this paper,the interference of peak cancellation is modeled and an-alyzed so as to evaluate the degradation of system performance.Furthermore,through theoretical analysis,a closed form of the BER performance is derived for OFDM with popular modulation schemes such as QPSK and 16QAM.Finally,the analytical results are verified by simulations.     

Adaptive arrangement of cyclic prefix length for MC-CDMA systems via multi-objective bat algorithm

Multi-carrier multiplexing systems, used in high bit rate communication applications, are more affected by the time- or frequency-dependent fading effects incurring in the channel than the single-carrier systems. When the fading effects at multi-carrier systems are not taken into consideration, inter-carrier interference or inter-symbol interferences that cause bit error rate increase at the receiver would occur. In order to eliminate these interference effects, the cyclic prefix is used in MC-CDMA systems, which are the kind of multi-carrier systems. However, determining how long the CP length is to be used will directly affect both the error and the capacity performance of the system. In this study, multi-objective bat algorithm is proposed for the adaptive arrangement of the CP lengths according to the channel conditions. Contrary to the standard CP determination methods, not only the bit errors are minimized, but also the maximization of the channel capacity is provided by the utilization of MOBA.

     

MC-CDMA系统中基于QR分解的多址干扰消除算法

多址干扰是导致MC-CDMA系统误码性能下降的重要因素。为了消除多址干扰,提出基于接收信号功率排序和QR分解的多址干扰消除算法（Power-based MMSE Sorted QR Decomposition,P-based MMSE-SQRD）对MC-CDMA系统的上行链路进行检测。仿真结果显示,与传统的串行干扰消除算法相比,P-based MMSE-SQRD的误码性能有明显的提高,而且其复杂度也相对较低。     

Periodic disturbance cancellation with uncertain frequency

This paper presents a new algorithm to cancel periodic disturbances with uncertain frequency. The disturbances are cancelled using an internal model structure with adaptive frequency, in parallel with a stabilizing controller. The time-varying internal model controller's states, in steady state, can be mapped to two time-invariant variables: the magnitude or energy of the internal model and frequency of the disturbance. An additional integral controller then can be used to reduce the difference between the internal model controller (IMC) and disturbance frequency to zero. The stability of the feedback control system with this algorithm and convergence of the algorithm to the correct frequency with exact disturbance cancellation are justified by singular perturbation and averaging theories. The algorithm is locally exponentially stable, rather than asymptotically stable. Simulations demonstrate the performance of the algorithm, the ability of this algorithm to identify the frequency of periodic disturbances and to reject periodic disturbances with uncertain frequency.     

非整数阶系统的频率辨识

使用频响数据对非整数阶系统作频域模拟和辨识.首先,定义了非整数阶微分器的频率特性,进而给出了非整数阶系统的余奎斯特曲线的绘制方法.然后,运用方程式误差的辅助变量法,根据实部和虚部频率数据进行非整数阶系统的频率辨识.最后,通过两个数字仿真来验证这种辨识方法.     

耳部光电容积脉搏波传感器的去运动干扰设计

光电容积脉搏波传感器可用于测量人体心率、血氧饱和度、呼吸率等生理参数。由于测试部位的局限性和对运动干扰的敏感性,使其主要应用于临床,而非日常便携式监护类设备中。鉴于此,重新设计传感器探头LED与PD结构,提高信号强度,进行对比实验选取耳部测试点,并利用三轴向加速度传感器,综合3通道信号,获取噪声源构建自适应滤波器,削减行走与跑步状态下的运动干扰,计算心率。经过一系列人体运动实验,以心电设备做参照验证了本设备心率计算准确率。     

Identification of frequency domain models for nonlinear systems

This paper presents a computer-aided engineering approach for identification of linear models from a set of frequency response data. The approach is based on a new system identification technique. The primary intention of the developed system identification technique and the associated software is to identify linear models for nonlinear systems whose input/output behaviour is characterized by their corresponding sinusoidal-input describing function models. However, the technique may also be applied to identification of linear models from experimental frequency response data. At present, the identification approach and the associated software is limited to single-output, linear, deterministic, and time-invariant systems. A computer-aided engineering environment based on the developed system identification technique has also been developed. The software is developed on a Harris-800 super-minicomputer and a Tektronix 4115B high resolution, raster, and color graphics terminal.     

Performance evaluation for PCC-OFDM systems impaired by carrier frequency offset over AWGN channels

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） is sensitive to carrier frequency offset （CFO）, which destroys the orthogonality and causes inter-carrier interference （ICI）. ICI self-cancellation schemes based on polynomial cancellation coding （PCC-OFDM） can evidently reduce the sensitivity to CFO. In this paper, we analyze the performance of PCC-OFDM systems impaired by CFO over additive white gaussian noise （AWGN） channels. Two criteria are used to evaluate the effect of CFO on performance degradations. Firstly, the closed-form expressions of the average carrier-to-interference power ratio （CIR） and the statistical average ICI power, both of which reflect the desired power loss, are presented. Simulation and analytical results show that the theoretical expressions depend crucially on the normalized frequency offset and are hardly relevant to the number of subcarriers. Secondly, by exploiting the properties of the Beaulieu series, the effect of CFO on symbol error rate （SER） and bit error rate （BER） performance for PCC-OFDM systems are exactly expressed as the sum of an infinite series in terms of the charac- teristic function （CHF） of ICI. We consider the systems modulated with binary phase shift keying （BPSK）, quadrature PSK （QPSK）, 8-ary PSK （8-PSK）, and 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation （16-QAM）, and all above modulation schemes are mapped with Gray codes for the evaluations of BER.     

A time-domain weighted linear successive interference cancellation detector for rapidly time-varying OFDMA communication systems

In this work, a weighted linear SIC (WLSIC) multi-user detector that is suitable for large-dimension rapidly time-varying communication systems is introduced. The proposed scheme exhibits low computational complexity and can converge to either the decorrelator or the LMMSE detector for two distinct values of the weighting factor. It uses a weighting factor to determine which average BER level the linear SIC converges to. We study the convergence behavior of the proposed scheme and prove that the latter is convergent if the weighting factor is between 0 and 1. Moreover, we propose a reduced complexity version of the WLSIC multi-user detector in which the complexity is reduced by 15% compared to the original WLSIC structure. Finally, simulation results obtained by applying the proposed WLSIC multi-user detector to cancel the inter-carrier interference (ICI) in an uplink OFDMA system coincide well with our theoretical findings.     

Performance evaluation of client-server systems

A client-server system is a distributed system where a server station receives requests from its client stations, processes the requests and returns replies to the requesting stations. The authors consider client-server systems in which a set of workstations access a file server over a local area network. The systems are modelled by a class of stochastic Petri nets. The mean response time, the throughput and the parametric sensitivities are evaluated for a client-server system based on token ring network and a system based on CSMA/CD network. These models are different from the prevalent performance models of token ring or CSMA/CD network systems because of the message interdependencies introduced by the clients-server structure. An approximate analytic-numeric method rather than simulation is used to solve the models. The solution method and the accuracy of approximation are also discussed     

A frequency domain approach to control of singular systems

In this paper, singular control systems are studied from the frequency domain point of view. The proper stable factorization of a singular system is derived. The stability of the closed-loop system consisting of a singular system and controller is addressed. Most significantly, all proper stabilizing controllers are parameterized for a given singular system