硫酸钡垢阻垢剂AA-MA-HPA共聚物的合成

合成了丙烯酸-马来酸酐-丙烯酸羟丙酯三元共聚物(AA-MA-HPA),研究了聚合条件对共聚物阻硫酸钡垢性能的影响,确定了合适的聚合工艺:单体配比n(AA)∶n(MA)∶n(HPA)=41∶34∶25,m(引发剂)/m(总单体)=10%,m(异丙醇)/m(总单体)=15%,反应温度90℃,反应时间4h。当共聚物使用质量浓度为24mg/L时,阻垢率可达97%以上,并初步探讨了其阻垢机理。     

马来酸酐-丙烯酸二元共聚物的合成研究

以马来酸酐(MA)和丙烯酸(AA)为原料,采用活泼单体滴加的方式,通过水溶液自由基共聚合反应制备了MA/AA二元共聚物(PMAAA)。采用FTIR对产物的结构进行了表征,通过正交实验和单因素实验对影响聚合反应的因素进行了考察和优化。在n(MA)∶n(AA)=1∶2,聚合温度85℃,AA滴加时间为1.5h,聚合时间2h,引发剂过硫酸铵用量为总单体质量的8%时,MA的转化率为72.78%。     

聚羧酸高效陶瓷减水剂的合成及性能

以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,采用水溶液聚合法制备了一种线型MA/AA/AMPS聚羧酸高效陶瓷减水剂。通过正交实验,研究了各反应条件对添加了0.35%(相对于绝干料浆质量)线型MA/AA/AMPS聚羧酸高效陶瓷减水剂的陶瓷坯体料浆流动时间的影响,并进一步利用FTIR和XRD等手段对线型MA/AA/AMPS聚羧酸高效陶瓷减水剂的官能团结构和晶相结构进行了表征,分别用POM和SEM照片观察陶瓷坯体料浆的分散情况和陶瓷坯体试样的断面形貌。结果表明,线型MA/AA/AMPS聚羧酸高效陶瓷减水剂最佳合成条件为:聚合温度为80℃、引发剂用量占聚合单体总质量的9%、n(MA)∶n(AA)∶n(AMPS)=1.0∶3.5∶1.5、聚合时间为4 h。当线型MA/AA/AMPS聚羧酸高效陶瓷减水剂掺量为0.35%(相对于绝干料浆质量)时,陶瓷坯体料浆体系的黏度从689.5 mPa·s降低到56.8 mPa·s。     

基于正交试验设计的聚羧酸高效陶瓷减水剂性能

以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,采用水溶液聚合法制备了一种线型MA/AA/AMPS聚羧酸高效陶瓷减水剂。通过正交试验,研究了各反应条件对添加了0.35%(相对绝干料浆)线型MA/AA/AMPS聚羧酸高效陶瓷减水剂的陶瓷坯体料浆流动时间的影响,并进一步利用FT-IR和XRD等手段分别对线型MA/AA/AMPS聚羧酸高效陶瓷减水剂的官能团结构和晶相结构进行表征,分别用POM和SEM照片观察陶瓷坯体料浆的分散情况和陶瓷坯体试样的断面形貌。结果表明,线型MA/AA/AMPS聚羧酸高效陶瓷减水剂最佳合成条件为：聚合温度为80 ℃、引发剂用量占聚合单体总质量的9%、n(MA)∶n(AA)∶n(AMPS)=1.0∶3.5∶1.5和聚合时间为4 h。当线型MA/AA/AMPS聚羧酸高效陶瓷减水剂掺量为0.35%(相对绝干料浆)时,陶瓷坯体料浆体系的黏度从689.5 mPa穝降低到56.8 mPa穝。     

三元共聚物P(IA/MA/AMPS)的合成及阻垢性能评价

以衣康酸(IA)、马来酸(MA)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,以过硫酸铵为引发剂,以水为溶剂,通过自由基聚合合成了一种新型的三元共聚物,探讨了单体配比、聚合温度、引发剂用量、聚合时间等合成条件对阻垢性能的影响,确定了最佳的合成条件为:单体配比n(IA)∶n(MA)∶n(AMPS)=1∶1∶1,聚合温度80℃,引发剂占单体质量分数的5%,聚合时间2h;用红外分光光度仪分析证明得到了预期的产物结构,并测定了产物的特性黏度和固含量。通过静态法对三元共聚物的阻垢性能进行评价,在加剂量为50mg/L时阻碳酸钙率最佳可达93.6%,是一种性能优异的阻垢剂。     

衣康酸酯类聚羧酸系减水剂的制备及表征

以衣康酸聚乙二醇酯大分子单体(IAPEG)、丙烯酸(AA)、马来酸酐(MA)和甲基丙烯磺酸钠(MAS)为原料,过硫酸铵为引发剂,经水溶液聚合制备了一种聚羧酸系减水剂(PC)。通过红外光谱对共聚物的结构进行了表征,采用凝胶渗透色谱仪对共聚物的相对分子质量及其分布进行了测定,讨论了聚合条件对减水剂性能的影响,得到最佳反应条件为:n(IAPEG)∶n(MA)∶n(AA)∶n(MAS)=1.5∶4.0∶6.0∶3.0,引发剂用量为单体总质量的10%,反应温度80℃,反应时间5 h。在该条件下合成的减水剂可以降低溶液的表面张力,促进水泥颗粒的分散,使水泥浆体具有较好的流动度。添加减水剂混凝土的减水率为39.2%,7 d抗压强度比(添加减水剂混凝土抗压强度/基准混凝土抗压强度)为191.4%,28 d抗压强度比为154.7%。     

MA/MAC/AA/AMPS高效共聚物阻垢剂的制备

在工业生产中,冷却水循环系统的结垢会导致生产效率降低、生产成本增加以及生产不能正常进行,而加入阻垢剂是解决这一难题的有效、经济、简便的方法。因此,以马来酸(MA)、丙烯酸甲酯(MAC)、丙烯酸(AA)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,水为溶剂,过硫酸钾作为引发剂合成了一种新型四元共聚物阻垢剂。研究了不同聚合条件下生成共聚物对碳酸钙阻垢性能的影响,确定了最佳合成条件。结果表明,在单体摩尔n(MA)∶n(AA)∶n(AMPS)∶n(MAC)=8∶5∶3∶4,在引发剂质量为单体总质量的7.5%,反应温度85℃,反应时间3h条件下,共聚物对碳酸钙阻垢效率达94.5%以上。     

MAPS四元共聚物硅垢防垢剂的合成与评价

以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SMAS)为原料,采用水溶液聚合法得到了一种四元共聚物(MAPS)硅垢防垢剂。通过单因素实验并以硅垢防垢率为评价指标来确定共聚物最佳合成条件:单体总质量分数为30%,n(MA)∶n(AA)∶n(SMAS)∶n(PEG)=1∶1∶0.4∶0.03,引发剂投加量为8%,反应温度为85℃,反应时间为3 h。在防垢剂加量为100 mg/L时,硅垢防垢率为76%;在防垢剂投加量为60 mg/L时,碳酸钙垢防垢率为91%。     

一种新型无磷共聚物阻垢剂的研究

在水溶液中,以过硫酸铵为引发剂,衣康酸(IA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SMAS)、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)为反应单体,合成了无磷共聚物(IA/AM/SMAS/MA)。通过正交实验确定了无磷共聚物合成的最佳合成条件。利用红外光谱对共聚物的结构进行了表征,采取静态阻垢的方法评价了阻垢剂阻碳酸钙生成的性能。结果表明:当单体配比n(衣康酸)/n(丙烯酰胺)/n(甲基丙烯磺酸钠)/n(丙烯酸甲酯)=4∶3∶2∶3,引发剂用量为单体的10%(wt),反应温度为90℃,反应时间为4 h。此条件下合成的阻垢剂的阻垢率可以达到88.6%。     

新型硫酸钡阻垢剂的合成与性能评价

以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和丙烯酸甲酯(MAC)为单体,采用水溶剂聚合法,合成了一种新型四元共聚物阻垢剂;研究了聚合条件对共聚物阻硫酸钡垢性能的影响,确定了最佳合成条件,单体摩尔比n(MA): n(AA): n(AMPS): n(MAC)=7: 6: 2: 4,引发剂...     

PEGMMA-MA-IA-SMAS四元共聚减水剂的合成研究

以PEG(聚乙二醇)、MA(马来酸酐)、IA(衣康酸)和SMAS(甲基丙烯磺酸钠)为共聚单体,制备PEGMMA(马来酸聚乙二醇单酯)-MA-IA-SMAS四元共聚减水剂;然后将其用于混合土配方中,并以水泥净浆流动度为考核指标,采用单因素试验法优选合成减水剂的最优方案。结果表明:当减水剂中n(PEG)∶n(MA)∶n(IA)∶n(SMAS)=1∶3.8∶0.5∶1.0、酯化温度为105℃、酯化时间为4 h、w(引发剂)=12.5%(相对于单体总质量而言)、w(催化剂)=4%(相对于PEG和MA总质量而言)、聚合温度为80℃和聚合时间为7.5 h时,合成的减水剂和改性混凝土[w(减水剂)=0.33%]具有相对较好的综合性能;此时,水泥净浆初始流动度(278 mm)相对最大,并且混凝土减水率为28.6%、含气量为2.1%以及28 d压缩强度为49.6 MPa。     

MA-AM-AA三元共聚物的制备及阻垢性能

以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,研制出环保型三元共聚阻垢剂PMAA,并通过研究其阻垢性能确定了产品的最佳工艺配方。实验结果表明,当单体的质量配比m(AA)∶m(AM)∶m(MA)=2∶3∶0·5,引发剂用量为单体总质量的1.5%,反应温度为80℃,单体质量分数为15%时,得到的聚合物PMAA的用量为5mg/L时,用国标法测得其对碳酸钙的阻垢率达94·15%,对磷酸钙的阻垢率达80·93%。     

Crosslinking cotton with poly(itaconic acid) and in situ polymerization of itaconic acid: Fabric mechanical strength retention

Polycarboxylic acids have been used as nonformaldehyde durable press finishing agents for cotton fabrics. Previously, we found that itaconic acid (IA) polymerized in situ on cotton fabric and also in an aqueous solution in the presence of a K₂S₂O₈/NaH₂PO₂ initiation system. Both poly(itaconic acid) (PIA) and the polymer formed by in situ polymerization of IA are able to crosslink cotton cellulose, thus imparting wrinkle resistance to cotton. In this research, we compared the performance of the cotton fabric crosslinked by PIA and that crosslinked by in situ polymerization of IA. The fabric treated with PIA and that treated with IA had similar wrinkle recovery angles. The cotton fabric treated with IA, however, lost more tensile strength than that treated with PIA due to cellulose degradation. We determined the magnitude of the fabric tensile strength loss attributed to crosslinking by separating the tensile strength loss due to cellulose degradation from the total tensile strength loss, and found that the tensile strength loss caused by crosslinking for the fabric treated with PIA was significantly higher than that for the fabric treated with IA. This can probably be attributed to more concentrated crosslinkages formed on the near surface of the PIA‐treated cotton fabric. PIA had poorer penetration into the amorphous cellulose region in fiber interior due to its much larger molecular size, thus increasing its concentration on the fabric's near surface. The data also suggest that more concentrated crosslinkages on the fabric surface reduced fabric abrasion resistance. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 2023–2030, 2003     

Polymeric multifunctional carboxylic acids as crosslinking agents for cotton cellulose: Poly(itaconic acid) and in situ polymerization of itaconic acid

Multifunctional carboxylic acids have been used as nonformaldehyde durable press finishing agents for cotton. In previous research we found that maleic acid (MA) and itaconic acid (IA) polymerize in situ on cotton fabric at elevated temperatures when both potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈) and sodium hypophosphite (NaH₂PO₂) are present, thus imparting wrinkle resistance to the treated cotton fabric. We also found that MA and IA polymerize in aqueous solutions in the presence of K₂S₂O₈ and NaH₂PO₂. In this research, we compared the effectiveness of poly(itaconic acid) (PIA) applied to cotton fabric as a polymer and IA applied as a monomer and allowed to polymerize in situ for crosslinking cotton cellulose. We found that IA is more effective in esterifying cotton cellulose and imparting a high level of wrinkle resistance to the fabric as it polymerizes in situ than PIA applied as a polymer. We also found that tensile strength loss of the cotton fabric crosslinked by IA polymerizing in situ as a function of fabric wrinkle recovery angle is practically the same as that crosslinked by PIA applied as a polymer. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 319–326, 2001     

服装用静电植绒胶的合成与应用

以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为软单体、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)为硬单体、2-乙基己烷丙烯酸酯(2-EHA)为特软单体、丙烯酸(AA)为亲水单体、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDM)为交联剂、平平加(O-25)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为复合乳化剂、过硫酸钾(KPS)和偏重亚硫酸钠(SM)为氧化还原型引发剂,采用乳液共聚法合成环保型静电植绒胶。结果表明:当m(BA)∶m(MA)∶m(2-EHA)∶m(AA)∶m(EGDM)∶m(0-25/SDS)∶m(KPS/SM)=100∶40∶4∶8∶3∶(26/7)∶(1/1.0)时,胶粘剂稳定性较好;此时静电植绒织物中无游离甲醛含量和APEO含量,其摩擦牢度2 500次且柔软度为4~5级,符合生态服装面料的使用要求。     

Infrared spectroscopy studies of cyclic anhydrides as intermediates for ester crosslinking of cotton cellulose by polycarboxylic acids. IV. In situ free radical copolymerization of maleic acid and itaconic acid on cotton

Polycarboxylic acids have been used as crosslinking agents for cotton fabrics and paper to replace the traditional formaldehyde‐based reagents. Previously, we found that a polycarboxylic acid esterifies cotton cellulose through the formation of a five‐membered cyclic anhydride intermediate. Both maleic acid (MA) and itaconic acid (ITA) are extremely difficult to polymerize under conditions normally used for free radical polymerization. It has been reported in the literature that treatment of cotton fabric with a mixture of MA and ITA significantly improved wrinkle‐resistance of the fabric. In this research, we investigated the in situ copolymerization of MA and ITA on cotton fabric. Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy was used to study the anhydride carbonyl formed on the cotton fabric treated with the mixtures of MA and ITA. A redox titration technique also was applied to determine the quantity of alkene double bonds on the treated fabric. It was found that free radical copolymerization of MA and ITA does not occur on the fabric at elevated temperatures when potassium persulfate is present as an initiator. It does occur, however, when both potassium persulfate and sodium hypophosphite are present on the fabric. The in situ copolymerization on the cotton fabric probably is initiated by a reduction–oxidation system. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 327–336, 2000