The effect of a polyunsaturated diet upon adipose-tissue fatty acids in young coronary males. A five-year cohort study

The fatty acid composition in the adipose tissue of 38 electrocardiographycally confirmed coronary males, mean age 43.7 years, at ideal weight on a 30%-of-calories controlled-fat diet, containing approximately 11.4% of calories as linoleic acid, was studied. The initial linoleic acid concentration in the adipose tissue was approximately 11 mole % of total fatty acids; for approximately the first 12 months it rose slightly and then rapidly increased to about 20% after 24 months. The overall response is sigmoidal in form and fits the equation: 1/y=0.025+0.066 (0.975)^x in which y represents the adipose tissue linoleate as mole percentage of total adipose tissue fatty acids and x is the time in months. The relative increase in linoleic acid is not attributable to a decrease in any specific fatty acid. Presented at the 59th Annual AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, May 1967.     

The positive impact of red palm oil in school meals on vitamin A status: study in Burkina Faso

Background  

Vitamin A (VA) deficiency is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and school-age children are a vulnerable group. In Burkina Faso, the production and consumption of red palm oil (RPO) is being promoted as a food supplement for VA. The objective of the study was to assess the impact on serum retinol of adding RPO to school lunch in two test zones of Burkina Faso.     

No effect of 14 day consumption of whole grain diet compared to refined grain diet on antioxidant measures in healthy,young subjects: a pilot study

Background  

Epidemiological evidence supports that a diet high in whole grains is associated with lowered risk of chronic diseases included coronary heart disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and some types of cancer. One potential mechanism for the protective properties of whole grains is their antioxidant content. The aim of this study was to compare differences in antioxidant measures when subjects consumed either refined or whole grain diets.     

Absorption of silicon from artesian aquifer water and its impact on bone health in postmenopausal women: a 12 week pilot study

Background  

Decreased bone mineral density and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women represents a growing source of physical limitations and financial concerns in our aging population. While appropriate medical treatments such as bisphosphonate drugs and hormone replacement therapy exist, they are associated with serious side effects such as osteonecrosis of the jaw or increased cardiovascular risk. In addition to calcium and vitamin D supplementation, previous studies have demonstrated a beneficial effect of dietary silicon on bone health. This study evaluated the absorption of silicon from bottled artesian aquifer water and its effect on markers of bone metabolism.     

橡机工业“十二五”发展之路探讨

回顾了2000～2010年间橡机行业建立了哪些基础条件。说明"十二五"发展规划的指导思想、基本原则和发展目标。并提出橡机行业针对这些目标应着重完成哪些工作以及应采取的措施。预测要完成"十二五"规划,还有很多问题要解决,号召行业全员积极努力奋进。     

中国钛白粉“十一五”现状和“十二五”发展建议

系统总结了中国钛白粉"十一五"发展现状、存在的问题。结合中国钛白粉行业实际情况,在未来5年,基于对中国钛白粉产品需求将继续增长的预测,从提高工艺技术水平,加强装置的大型化、集中化、规模化建设,开发新产品,进行深加工,钛白粉生产向西部资源基地转移,要稳定钛铁矿资源的开发和供应,钛白粉生产向清洁化转变等方面出发,提出了中国钛白粉行业"十二五"发展建议。     

Olive oil consumption and weight change: The SUN prospective cohort study

The aim of this dynamic prospective follow-up study was to assess the association between olive oil consumption and the likelihood of weight gain or the incidence of overweight or obesity in a large Mediterranean cohort of 7,368 male and female Spanish university graduates (the SUN Project) who were followed for a median period of 28.5 mon. A validated Food Frequency Questionnaire was administered at baseline, and respondents also completed a follow-up questionnaire after 28.5 mon. Changes in participants' consumption of olive oil and their weight were assessed during follow-up. A higher baseline consumption of olive oil was associated with a lower likelihood of weight gain, although the differences were not statistically significant. The adjusted difference in weight gain (kg) was −0.16 [95% confidence interval (C1): −0.42 to +0.11] for participants in the upper quintile of olive oil consumption (median: 46 g/d) compared with those in the lowest quintile (median: 6 g/d). For participants with a high baseline consumption of olive oil whose olive oil consumption also increased during follow-up, we found a slightly increased but nonsignificant risk of incidence of over-weight or obesity (adjusted odds ratio=1.19, 95% C1: 0.73 to 1.95). Our study, carried out in a sample of free-living people, shows that a high amount of olive oil consumption is not associated with higher weight gain or a significantly higher risk of developing overweight or obesity in the context of the Mediterranean food pattern.     

Vitamin A status of healthy children in Manisa,Turkey

Background  

Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health nutrition problem in the developing world. Even subclinical Vitamin A deficiency is associated with increased childhood mortality. Severe maternal vitamin A deficiency may cause increased mortality in the first months of life. There have been a limited number of studies regarding vitamin A status in Turkey. The aim of this study was to assess vitamin A status of healthy children in Manisa, Turkey.     

Alkali-aggregate reaction in Nova Scotia I. Summary of a five-year study

Laboratory experiments confirmed that alkali-aggregate reaction caused excessive expansion of some Nova Scotia concrete. Major rock types were tested as aggregates in mortar bars and concrete prisms and as rock cylinders immersed in alkali solution. Greywackes, argillites, phyllites, and some quartzites, schists and rhyolites were identified as highly reactive through petrographic studies and length change tests.     

Impact of an exercise program on acylcarnitines in obesity: a prospective controlled study

Background

Acylcarnitine (AC) transport dysfunction into the mitochondrial matrix is one of the pathophysiological mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The effect of an aerobic exercise (AE) program on this condition in obese subjects without DM is unclear.

Methods

A prospective, randomized, longitudinal, interventional study in a University Research Center involved a 10-week AE program in 32 women without DM and a body mass index (BMI) greater than 27?kg/m². (Cases n?=?17; Controls n?=?15). The primary objective was to evaluate the influence of a controlled AE program on beta-oxidation according to modifications in short, medium, and long-chain ACs. Secondary objectives were to define the behavior of amino acids, and the correlation between these modifications with metabolic and anthropometric markers.

Results

The proportion of dropouts was 17% and 6% in controls and cases, respectively. In cases there was a significant reduction in total carnitine (30.40 [95% CI 28.2 to 35.6]) vs. (29.4 [CI 95% 25.1 to 31.7]) p?=?0.0008 and long-chain AC?C14 (0.06 [95% CI 0.05 to 0.08]) vs. (0.05 [95% CI 0.05 to 0.09]) p?=?0.005 and in C18 (0.31 [95% CI 0.27 to 0.45]) vs. (0.28 [95% CI 0.22 to 0.32]) p?=?0.03. Free fatty acid levels remained without change during the study in both groups.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a controlled 10-week AE program improved beta-oxidation by reducing long-chain ACs. This finding highlights the importance that AE might have in avoiding or reverting lipotoxicity, and in consequence, improving insulin sensitivity and pancreatic beta cell functional reserve.     

Effect of type of diet and feeding status on modulation of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase in rats

The effect of diet type and feeding status on hepatic HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) [mevalonate: NADP⁺ oxidoreductase (acylating CoA); EC 1.1.1.34] was studied in rats. Animals fed a ground, commercial, stock diet exhibited higher expressed and total activities of HMGR in the fed state than animals fed a semi-purified diet. The differences did not appear in meal-trained animals when measured before the onset of the meal after a 22-hr fast. When expressed activity was taken as a per cent of total activity, fed animals from both diet groups used about 10% of their available activity. When animals on commercial diets were fasted, 20% of the activity was expressed. Fasted animals on the semi-purified diet also increased the per cent of expressed reductase activity, but this increase was not as great (13.3%). These data suggest that, in the rat, regulation of cholesterol synthesis in response to decreased total HMGR during fasting and increased levels after a meal results from alterations in the percentage of enzyme which is expressed. The semi-purified diet used here resulted in consistently lower levels of HMG-CoA reductase activity than the commercial diet regardless of feeding pattern.     

对撞流反应器甲醇合成实验研究

液相法甲醇合成由于有惰性液体介质的存在,气液相间传质对反应起到了一定的阻碍作用,对撞流反应器使用喷嘴将催化剂浆料雾化从而强化了气液相间传质。文中在对撞流反应器内对甲醇合成温度、合成气比例、气流量、浆料循环量以及喷嘴个数进行了考察,结果表明,温度控制在230℃左右操作比较适宜,二氧化碳参与反应对甲醇合成较为有利,合成气流量在22.4 L/min以后时空产率几乎不再增加,增加浆料循环量和采用对置式二喷嘴或四喷嘴比单喷嘴时空产率和出口甲醇体积分数都有所增加。由结果可知,利用喷嘴雾化和液体对撞可以显著地增强气液传质从而达到增加液相甲醇合成时空产率的目的。     

Effects of Ramadan fasting on cardiovascular risk factors: a prospective observational study

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown that Ramadan fasting has beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors, however there are controversies. In the present study, the effect of Ramadan fasting on cardiovascular risk factors has been investigated. METHOD: This is a prospective observational study that was carried out in a group of patients with at least one cardiovascular risk factor (including history of documented previous history of either coronary artery disease (CAD), metabolic syndrome or cerebro-vascular disease in past 10 y). Eighty two volunteers including 38 male and 44 female, aged 29--70 y, mean 54.0 [PLUS-MINUS SIGN] 10 y, with a previous history of either coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome or cerebro-vascular disease were recruited. Subjects attended the metabolic unit after at least 10 h fasting, before and after Ramadan who were been fasting for at least 10 days. A fasting blood sample was obtained, blood pressure was measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Lipids profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and insulin, homocysteine (hcy), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and complete blood count (CBC) were analyzed on all blood samples. RESULTS: A significant improvement in 10 years coronary heart disease risk (based on Framingham risk score) was found (13.0 [PLUS-MINUS SIGN] 8 before Ramadan and 10.8 [PLUS-MINUS SIGN]7 after Ramadan, P <0.001, t test).There was a significant higher HDL-c, WBC, RBC and platelet count (PLT), and lower plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, VLDL-c, systolic blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference after Ramadan (P <0.05, t test). The changes in FBS, insulin,Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), hcy, hs-CRP and diastolic blood pressure before and after Ramadan were not significant (P >0.05, t test). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a significant improvement in 10 years coronary heart disease risk score and other cardiovascular risk factors such as lipids profile, systolic blood pressure, weight, BMI and waist circumference in subjects with a previous history of cardiovascular disease.     

The capacity of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides to stimulate faecal bifidobacteria: a dose-response relationship study in healthy humans

Background  

Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) are well-known for their bifidogenicity. In a large study comprising 200 healthy volunteers, we determined the bifidogenic properties of 7 non-digestible carbohydrates administered at a dose of 10 g/d in the diet; we analysed dose-response relationships of the bifidogenic substrates at doses ranging from 2.5 to 10 g/d in comparison with a placebo. The aim of this presentation is to give more details about the dose-response effects of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS).     

Permeability of vitamin B-12 in chitosan membranes. Effect of crosslinking and blending with poly(vinyl alcohol) on permeability

The permeability and diffusion of vitamin B-12 in chitosan, crosslinked chitosans, and chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blends were studied using “lag time” technique. Apparently the diffusion coefficient, D, for both crosslinked and blended chitosan membranes depends solely upon the equilibrium swelling ratio, Q, of the material in water. The functional dependence of D on Q was obtained from the data. The partition coefficients calculated for vitamin B-12 in all membranes studied were nearly constant (K ≈ 0.4). The results are shown to be consistent with the “pore type” transport mechanism for vitamin B-12 in these chitosan membranes.     

Restriction of meat,fish, and poultry in omnivores improves mood: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Background  

Omnivorous diets are high in arachidonic acid (AA) compared to vegetarian diets. Research shows that high intakes of AA promote changes in brain that can disturb mood. Omnivores who eat fish regularly increase their intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), fats that oppose the negative effects of AA in vivo. In a recent cross-sectional study, omnivores reported significantly worse mood than vegetarians despite higher intakes of EPA and DHA. This study investigated the impact of restricting meat, fish, and poultry on mood.     

导电涂料的研究现状及发展趋势

综述了国内外导电涂料的研究现状,展望了未来导电涂料的发展趋势。国外研制的本征型导电涂料主要集中在聚苯胺、聚乙炔、聚苯硫醚、聚吡咯、聚噻吩、聚喹啉等,研制性能优良的织物用导电涂料和纳米导电涂料也取得了进展。我国陆续研制出高性能的非碳系导电涂料。目前,添加型导电涂料是导电涂料的研究、开发以及工业化的重点．本征型导电涂料的探索和研究正处于初步阶段,高性价比和环保型导电涂料将成为发展方向。     

Socioeconomic level and nutritional status: a study in schoolchildren

Obesity increased in recent years at different rates among socioeconomic levels (SEL). The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between SEL and nutritional status in schoolchildren attending elementary schools in the six counties that show the highest prevalence of obesity in Santiago, Chile. Within the counties schools were stratified according to obesity and children were randomly selected from each school. Anthropometric assessment was performed in children whilst a socio-demographic survey and a 24 hour recall of food intake were applied to their mothers. We classified the sample according to SEL in two categories (higher and a lower vulnerability). The prevalence of excess weight was 51.1% (24.7% overweight and 26,4% obese) without significant differences among SEL. The most vulnerable group had lower values of body mass index, skinfold thickness, arm circumference and food intake however, these differences were not statistically significant. At the same time, these children were physically more active, showing higher use of community places to play [OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.05-3.48] and walked larger distances from houses to schools OR 6.6; CI 2.5-16.7). Thus, albeit non significant association was detected between SEL and anthropometric indicators nor with food intake, the highest vulnerable group showed a tendency to have lower values and more physical activity.