Adaptive backbone protocol for heterogeneous wireless networks

We propose Adaptive Backbone Protocol ABP, a lightweight protocol for distributed formation of a backbone over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks. ABP does not require any neighborhood information and consequently scales well with the number of nodes and network size. We present an analytical framework to study the performance of ABP. By making the nodes rotate the role of backbone nodes, we extend the life of the network.     

Automated network selection in a heterogeneous wireless network environment

Service delivery in a heterogeneous all-IP wireless network environment requires the selection of an optimal access network. Selection of a non-optimal network can result in undesirable effects such as higher costs or poor service experience. Network selection in such an environment is influenced by several factors, and currently a complete solution is not available to solve this problem. This article describes a comprehensive decision making process to rank candidate networks for service delivery to the terminal. The proposed mechanism is based on a unique decision process that uses compensatory and non-compensatory multi-attribute decision making algorithms jointly to assist the terminal in selecting the top candidate network     

Multilevel heterogeneous network model for wireless sensor networks

The lifetime of a network can be increased by increasing the network energy. The network energy can be increased either increasing the number of sensors or increasing the initial energy of some sensors without increasing their numbers. Increasing network energy by deploying extra sensors is about ten times costlier than that using some sensors of high energy. Increasing the initial energy of some sensors leads to heterogeneous nodes in the network. In this paper, we propose a multilevel heterogeneous network model that is characterized by two types of parameters: primary parameter and secondary parameters. The primary parameter decides the level of heterogeneity by assuming the values of secondary parameters. This model can describe a network up to nth level of heterogeneity (n is a finite number). We evaluate the network performance by applying the HEED, a clustering protocol, on this model, naming it as MLHEED (Multi Level HEED) protocol. For n level of heterogeneity, this protocol is denoted by MLHEED-n. The numbers of nodes of each type in any level of heterogeneity are determined by the secondary model parameter. The MLHEED protocol (for all level heterogeneity) considers two variables, i.e., residual energy and node density, for deciding the cluster heads. We also consider fuzzy implementation of the MLHEED in which four variables are used to decide the cluster heads: residual energy, node density, average energy, and distance between base station and the sensor nodes. In this work, we illustrate the network model up to seven levels (\(1\le n\le 7\)). Experimentally, as the level of heterogeneity increases, the rate of energy dissipation decreases and hence the nodes stay alive for longer time. The MLHEED-m, \(m=2,3,4,5,6,7\), increase the network lifetime by \(73.05, 143.40, 213.17, 267.90, 348.60, 419.10\,\%\), respectively, by increasing the network energy as \(40, 57, 68.5, 78, 84, 92.5\,\%\) with respect to the original HEED protocol. In case of fuzzy implementation, the MLHEEDFL-m, \(m=2,3,4,5,6,7,\) increases the network lifetime by \(282.7, 378.5, 435.78, 498.50, 582.63, 629.79\,\%\), respectively, corresponding to the same increase in the network energy as that of the MLHEED (all levels) with respect to the original HEED. The fuzzy implementation of the HEED, MLHEEDFL-1, increases the network lifetime by \(176.6\,\%\) with respect to the original HEED with no increase in the network energy.     

Cost-effective WDM backbone network design with OXCs of different bandwidth granularities

We investigate the design of a WDM backbone network with optical cross-connects (OXCs) of different switching granularities to reduce the network-wide OXC port cost. We enhance our proposed graph model (Zhu, H. et al., IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol.11, p.285-99, 2003), and the extended graph model can represent different node architectures in which a node may have multiple OXCs with different switching granularities simultaneously. Based on this model, we propose a provisioning algorithm for a single connection and a framework for network design, which can intelligently determine the type of OXCs at each node according to the traffic so that the benefit of different types of OXCs can be utilized. Numerical examples are presented showing that granularity-heterogeneous networks are more cost-effective than granularity-homogeneous networks.     

Cellular IP address provisioning in a heterogeneous wireless network

In this article, we propose a dynamic Internet Protocol (IP) address assignment architecture for heterogeneous wireless IP devices network. The IP device could be a sensor device, a laptop, a cell phone, or any wireless device using IP communications. The proposed architecture introduces security and service reliability to the consumer while reducing the operational expenditure for the service providers. According to the proposed scheme, each node maintains an IP address pool storing the current occupancy of each IP address. Each node advertises its database whenever the ratio of negative acknowledgments from the domain name server to the total number of requests at a given node exceeds a certain threshold. We evaluate our IP assignment scheme under two traffic intensity scenarios, namely the uniform traffic intensity and the heterogeneous traffic intensity. Performance evaluation is carried out with respect to blocking probability and average IP list utilization. We define three types of blocking probability for the user requests as follows: The real blocking, the unjustified acceptance, and the unjustified rejection. We observe that the proposed scheme outperforms the uniform assignment as long as the threshold is below 1.5% for the uniform intensity scenario and 1% for the heterogeneous scenario. Furthermore, this architecture considers the security aspect of the wireless network by allowing only registered devices to communicate with other registered devices. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Network configuration for optimal utilization efficiency of wireless sensor networks

This paper addresses the problem of configuring wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Specifically, we seek answers to the following questions: how many sensors should be deployed, what is the optimal sensor placement, and which transmission structure should be employed. The design objective is utilization efficiency defined as network lifetime per unit deployment cost. We propose an optimal approach and an approximation approach with reduced complexity to network configuration. Numerical and simulation results demonstrate the near optimal performance of the approximation approach. We also study the impact of sensing range, channel path loss exponent, sensing power consumption, and event arrival rate on the optimal network configuration.     

A measurement study of network efficiency for TWAREN IPv6 backbone

The Advanced Research and Education Network (TWAREN) was established by the National Centre for High‐Performance Computing. It provides advanced research and education in Taiwan. TWAREN supports the IPv4 and IPv6 protocols. This paper analyses network efficiency under the IPv6 structures. The TWAREN test will focus on the traffic issue for all fixed‐size packets. The purpose of this test is to determine packet loss under the maximum packet transfer situation. We measure the network throughput under the maximum speed and the latency associated with each packet. Using that information, we in turn derive the needed data on IPv6 TCP/UDP bandwidth and packet loss under the TWAREN structure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An optimal bandwidth allocation and data droppage scheme for differentiated services in a wireless network

This paper presents an optimal proportional bandwidth allocation and data droppage scheme to provide differentiated services (DiffServ) for downlink pre‐orchestrated multimedia data in a single‐hop wireless network. The proposed resource allocation scheme finds the optimal bandwidth allocation and data drop rates under minimum quality‐of‐service (QoS) constraints. It combines the desirable attributes of relative DiffServ and absolute DiffServ approaches. In contrast to relative DiffServ approach, the proposed scheme guarantees the minimum amount of bandwidth provided to each user without dropping any data at the base‐station, when the network has sufficient resources. If the network does not have sufficient resources to provide minimum bandwidth guarantees to all users without dropping data, the proportional data dropper finds the optimal data drop rates within acceptable levels of QoS and thus avoids the inflexibility of absolute DiffServ approach. The optimal bandwidth allocation and data droppage problems are formulated as constrained nonlinear optimization problems and solved using efficient techniques. Simulations are performed to show that the proposed scheme exhibits the desirable features of absolute and relative DiffServ. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于协同学的异构无线网络选择算法

终端接入的网络需要满足各类业务需求,对此提出了一种基于协同学的异构无线网络选择算法.该算法将终端网络选择看作一个系统化的问题,可选网络是一个复合系统,终端上运行的每一种业务都是一个子系统,依据熵的概念得到复合系统的熵值,熵值的大小反映了子系统之间的协同度,进而体现了网络的整体性能.仿真结果表明,在终端多业务的情况下,基于所提算法选择的网络业务QoS满意率达到了95％,比基于TOPSIS算法选择的网络业务QoS满意率提升了近4倍,能够很好地解决多业务终端网络选择问题.     

NMR inspired energy efficient protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network

Wireless Networks - This paper presents a naked mole rat (NMR) inspired energy efficient protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network. NMR uses strategic deployment among three types of nodes...     

Optimal network selection in heterogeneous wireless multimedia networks

The complementary characteristics of different wireless networks make it attractive to integrate a wide range of radio access technologies. Most of previous work on integrating heterogeneous wireless networks concentrates on network layer quality of service (QoS), such as blocking probability and utilization, as design criteria. However, from a user’s point of view, application layer QoS, such as multimedia distortion, is an important issue. In this paper, we propose an optimal distributed network selection scheme in heterogeneous wireless networks considering multimedia application layer QoS. Specifically, we formulate the integrated network as a restless bandit system. With this stochastic optimization formulation, the optimal network selection policy is indexable, meaning that the network with the lowest index should be selected. The proposed scheme can be applicable to both tight coupling and loose coupling scenarios in the integration of heterogeneous wireless networks. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed scheme.     

Energy efficient radio resource management for heterogeneous wireless network using CoMP

The coordinated multi point (CoMP) transmission technique is considered a key feature in future wireless network to improve both cell edge users throughput by exploiting interference. However, to provide CoMP transmission several BSs need to be active, which eventually increases network energy consumption. The simultaneous active multiple BSs with different transmission characteristics in heterogeneous environment cause interferences on each other. In this paper, we study the energy efficient radio resource management (EE-RRM) scheme for heterogeneous wireless networks to reduce interference. In particular, our aim is to allocate subcarrier power by optimizing EE metric and minimize interference with knowledge of channel state information between BSs and user equipment. The EE-RRM problem is a fractional programming problem. In order to solve, we use Charnes–Cooper transformation technique and transform it into an equivalent concave optimization problem. The numerical results of our work present the effect of different interference, rate and power thresholds on the EE metric.     

异构传感器网络的一种生存期可延长的可调节拓扑结构

目前,大多数的拓扑控制算法采用的能耗模型不符合实际,仅仅只考虑了发送能耗,忽略了不同接收能耗对底层拓扑结构的影响。其次,通过构建最小能耗拓扑子图的拓扑控制算法并不能最大化网络生存期。基于真实的能耗模型主要研究异构传感器网络的拓扑控制问题,提出了一种适用于异构传感器网络生存期可延长的可调节结构（ALPH）来控制网络拓扑。理论和仿真实验表明：通过ALPH构造的拓扑图保持了网络的连通性和双向性;在不同的射频模块下,ALPH以最小能耗保留了任意节点对之间的最大生存期路径;ALPH可以依据不同电路能耗参数P R0进行调整,使得所生成的拓扑图在DRNG与MaxPower之间调节变化,并且允许节点有不同的路径损耗指数;基于网络设备的真实参数值,与先前的拓扑结构DRNG、DGG、EYG和MaxPower相比,ALPH可以有效地延长网络生存期。     

异构无线网络路由策略研究综述

异构无线网络能够利用各种网络的链路迅速建立连接、实现数据的传递,在军事、水灾、火灾、地震等重大灾害上具有重要的应用价值.因此,设计一种能够提高数据发送效率和网络抗毁性的异构无线网络自适应路由策略具有重要意义.首先介绍了无线局域网、无线蜂窝网络、自组网、延迟容忍网络等各种无线网络的特点;然后对各种异构无线网络路由进行分类并阐述;最后总结现有异构无线网络路由的不足,并对未来研究工作进行了展望.     

Multiplicative multi-attribute auction based optimal network selection for heterogeneous wireless networks

One of the remarkable features of the next generation network is the integration of heterogeneous wireless networks,which enables mobile users with multi-mode terminals access to the best available network seamlessly.However,most of previous work only takes account of either maximizing single user’s utility or the whole network’s payoff,rarely considers the negotiation between them.In this paper,we propose a novel network selection approach using improved multiplicative multi-attribute auction(MMA).At first,an improved MMA method is put forward to define the user’s utility.Additionally,user cost is defined by considering allocated bandwidth,network load intensity and cost factor parameter.And last the best suitable network is selected according to the user’s performance-cost-ration.Simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing scheme in terms of network selection’s fairness,user’s performance-cost-ration,load balancing and the number of accommodated users.     

The utilization of the redundancy bandwidth of upstream channel inHFC network

In an HFC network, the upstream bandwidth, which subscribers use to send a variety of traffic, is entirely allocated by the headend. Some of the traffic classes (such as voice) only use a part of their allocated bandwidth, thus there is redundant bandwidth. This paper describes a method that uses the redundant bandwidth to transmit other traffic classes so as to increase the utilization of the upstream bandwidth     

博弈论方法在混合无线网络中网络选择问题研究中的应用

随着无线网络技术的日益发展以及人们对无线互联的需求,各种适用于不同工作环境的无线网络技术往往共同应用于人们的日常活动区域中.为了提高网络的利用率与最大化自身收益,用户往往会在不同的无线网络中切换,选择最合适网络的进行连接.这种情况下,一个无线网络用户的行为变化会对其他用户的网络环境带来严重的影响.博弈论在分析研究这类情况具有很大的优势.本文简单介绍了博弈论的基本概念,并总结了当前采用博弈论的方法研究解决混合无线网络中网络选择问题的代表的工作.     

异构无线网络中基于标识的匿名认证协议

针对异构无线网络中的认证协议的安全问题,提出一种基于CPK算法和改进的ECDH算法的双向认证和密钥协商协议,引入用户的临时认证身份和临时通信身份实现用户的身份匿名;提出采用临时通信身份有序对防止重认证过程中的重放攻击,并且在协议设计中规避了密钥泄漏带来的风险。分析表明该协议具有身份认证、会话密钥安全、匿名性等安全属性。     

Energy efficiency optimization in MIMO heterogeneous wireless powered communication networks

Telecommunication Systems - This paper studies the energy efficiency (EE) optimization problem in multiple-user multiple-input–multiple-output heterogeneous wireless powered communication...