数字化质量管理系统及其关键技术

回顾了质量管理的发展历史,分析了我国企业质量管理中存在的问题,介绍了数字化质量管理的内涵,论述了数字化质量管理的意义,探讨了数字化质量管理系统的参考体系结构以及数字化质量管理中的质量数据采集模式,给出了数字化质量管理系统的主要关键技术.     

宏观质量管理的系统方法研究

本文主要在如何实现宏观质量管理方面进行了探讨。首先对宏观质量管理与微观质量管理进行了比较,然后总结了宏观质量管理的主要工作,并提出了宏观质量管理的工作模型,最后重点阐述了质量安全及质量发展的评价及管理方法。     

供应商质量供应能力指数的分析与评价

本文首先简要阐述了供应商质量供应能力,进而提出了质量供应能力指数的概念和计算公式,编制了质量供应能力指数与供应商产品不合格率的对应表,给出了对于重要质量特性和一般质量特性的质量供应能力分析对策示例,最后探讨了应用此方法应注意的问题.     

供应链质量监督问题及其决策

研究了供应链中制造商和购买商的质量监督问题，在Starbird s.提出的模型基础上改进并建立了制造商和购买商的质量成本模型，采用分析方法进行了优化，提出了供应链质量监督策略由制造商的目标质量、生产批量、购买商的最优质量奖励、质量征罚和抽样检验组成，并进行了质量监督决策仿真。结果表明，所建立的模型和提出的质量监督策略是可行的。     

质量与顾客满意模型研究

本文给出了一种质量与顾客满意之间的模型,从质量与顾客满意的关系研究出发,提出了质量贬值区、质量增值区和质量溢出区的划分原则,并为企业规划永续经营的质量战略提供了决策指南。     

俄罗斯质量监督管理机制研究

本文介绍了俄罗斯的质量监督管理机制,包括了质量监管机构、质量监管思想、质量发展的整体构想、国家质量奖励制度和认证制度.     

质量结构—一个值得应用的新提示

从质量学角度对制造业从质量，制造质量，服务质量，管理质量到人员质量都做了精辟阐述。提出了质量问题是结构问题的观点，质量问题也要从我国的国情出发，实事求是，从而全面提高我国制造业的质量。     

TDQM模式:打造TQM升级版

正目前,国内许多企业实施了全面质量管理(TQM),建立了质量管理体系,并通过了第二方或第三方质量管理体系审核或认证。应该说,通过全面质量管理的实施以及质量管理体系的建立、保持和持续改进,企业在一定程度上提高了质量管理水平与质量保证能力。但同时我们也看到,建立了质量管理体系的企业,仍存在质量问题,而且这些问题很难根治。企业的整体质量管理水平和质量保证能力,似乎远没有达到管理者的期望。     

道路桥梁健康监测技术研究与应用

道路桥梁的质量影响了我国社会主义现代化建设,而建筑质量监督管理水平决定着建筑工程的质量,因此,加大工程质量监督管理,提高工程的质量。本文阐述了影响建筑工程质量的原因,并研究了目前我国建筑工程质量监督存在的问题,并提出具有针对性的措施,以此来提升我国质量监督管理水平。     

沥青路面施工的全面质量管理

本文对公路沥青路面工程项目质量的影响因素进行了综合全面的分析，首先概述了公路沥青路面施工的全面质量管理的内涵，根据工程案例提出了沥青路面施工的全面质量管理措施：建立质量控制领导机构、建立健全质量控制体系、强化全面质量管理意识、建立质量奖励基金制度、加强质量检查制度构建和建立质量保修范围与承诺。     

The use of rubbers in C.F.R.P. manufacture

Manufacturing techniques are crucial to the variability of advanced composites. For this reason a number of processes have been developed to reduce the cost of producing composite structures. Some of these processes make use of the properties of rubber in self-sealing from fitting rubber vacuum bags, in pressure pads and as a hydraulic medium. Each has its advantages and disadvantages but the overall trend is to reduce the costs of advanced composites manufacturing, at times dramatically.     

Simulation of self-organised dislocation structures in f.c.c. and b.c.c. single crystals

Summary A computer simulation model based on the principle of cellular automata and molecular dynamics is developed for the problem of dislocation structure formation. The presented simulations show the influence of the used material data for f.c.c. and b.c.c. crystals, the cut-off radius used for simulation, the load conditions (tensile, relaxation and cyclic deformation), and the load direction in the glide plane. Also, an approach is presented which is based on non-linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics and self organisation theory. This dissipative approach enables us to state qualitatively and quantitatively the conditions which lead to dislocation structures. The Bauschinger-effect is simulated on a microscopic level.Dedicated to o. Univ.-Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. techn. Dr. h. c. Franz Ziegler on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Pharmaceutical fingerprinting in phase space. 1. Construction of phase fingerprints.

The present study proposes a general method for constructing pharmaceutical fingerprints in the analysis of HPLC trace organic impurity patterns. The approach considers signals in phase space and accounts for two different types of noise: additive and perturbative. The first type, additive noise, contributes to distortion of the absolute values of signal peaks. The second type, perturbative noise, contributes to variations of the retention times of signal peaks and distorts the time scale of the trace organic impurity patterns. The ability of the proposed approach to consider both types of noise significantly distinguishes it from existing methods of data analysis that are usually designed to treat only the additive noise. Analysis of the HPLC signals in phase space eliminates the problem of perturbation noise and enables detection and comparison of similar signal segments recorded at different retention times. The current study analyzes the chromatographic trace organic impurity patterns collected from six different manufacturers of L-tryptophan using three HPLC columns. For five manufacturers the variability of data recorded with the same column are in perfect agreement with the proposed model. A significant variance of parameters is detected for one manufacturer, thus indicating a possible change in its product consistency. The analysis in phase space is also used to explain the previously detected variability of HPLC signals across columns. The accompanying paper reports an application of the proposed approach for the pattern recognition of HPLC data.     

Temperature dependence of retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. 2. Mobile-phase considerations.

The retention mechanism in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) has been examined over a wide temperature range with emphasis on the role of the mobile phase. van't Hoff plot shapes were used to assess the retention mechanism, and the data showed evidence of the hydrophobic effect when water-rich and/or hydrogen-bonded mobile phases such as methanol/water were used. However, different van't Hoff plot shape was observed with acetonitrile/water mobile phases, indicating a change in the retention mechanism. These data showed that the hydrophobic effect, which had previously been proposed as the driving force for retention, is not a satisfactory explanation for the retention process in all RPLC systems.     

Vibrational coherence of self-organized silver nanocrystals in f.c.c. supra-crystals

Fabrication of devices from inorganic nanocrystals normally requires that they are self-organized into ordered structures. It has now been demonstrated that nanocrystals are able to self-organize in a 'supra'-crystal with a face-centred cubic (f.c.c.) structure. The physical properties of nanocrystals self-organized into compact arrays are quite different from those of both isolated nanocrystals and the bulk phase. The collective optical and magnetic properties of these nanocrystal assemblies are governed mainly by dipolar interactions. Here, we show that nanocrystals vibrate coherently when they are self-organized in f.c.c. supra-crystals. Hence, a phase relation exists between the vibrations of all of the nanocrystals in a supra-crystal. This vibrational coherence can be observed by a substantial change of the quadrupolar low-frequency Raman scattering peak. Although a change in electronic transport properties has previously been observed on self-organization of silver nanocrystals, vibrational coherence represents the first intrinsic property of f.c.c. supra-crystals.     

Temperature dependence of retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. 1. Stationary-phase considerations.

The retention mechanism in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) has been investigated by examining the temperature dependence of retention, with emphasis on the role of the stationary phase in the retention process. Both chromatographic temperature studies and differential scanning calorimetry were used to examine the role of alkyl chain bonding density on the retention mechanism in RPLC. Phase transitions of reversed-phase stationary phases were observed at bonding densities greater than 2.84 mumol/m2. Thermodynamic constants for the transfer of a solute from the mobile phase to the stationary phase (delta H degrees and delta S degrees) were calculated for low bonding density columns, and comparison of these values to previously reported values for the partitioning of a nonpolar solute from the bulk organic liquid to water indicated that the chromatographic retention process is not well-modeled by bulk-phase oil-water partitioning processes. In addition, this data showed that the entropic contribution to retention becomes more significant with respect to the enthalpic contribution as the stationary-phase bonding density is increased, providing additional support that partitioning, rather than adsorption, is the relevant model of retention.     

Variation of cutting forces in machining of f.c.c. single crystals

In this study, micro-machining of f.c.c. single-crystal materials was investigated based on a hybrid modelling approach combining smoothed particle hydrodynamics and continuum finite element analysis. The numerical modelling was implemented in the commercial software ABAQUS/Explicit by employing a user-defined subroutine VUMAT for a crystal plasticity formulation to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms that drive a plastic response of materials in high deformation processes. The numerical studies demonstrate that cutting force variations in different cutting directions are similar for different f.c.c. crystals even though the magnitudes of the cutting forces are different.