提高循环洗油洗苯效率的技改实践

介绍了洗油吸收负压脱苯工艺,分析了佳华公司洗油吸收负压脱苯工艺的运行状况,发现影响循环洗油洗苯效率的因素主要有循环洗油中萘含量、脱苯塔顶温度和循环洗油再生等。对洗油吸收负压脱苯工艺的工艺设备和参数进行了优化：将进厂洗油中萘质量分数提高到5%～11%,通过新洗油少量多次加入、逐步调整粗苯回流量将脱苯塔顶温度控制在91℃～93℃,通过改造再生器排渣系统、将循环洗油再生量控制在1.5%～2.0%等,可将循环洗油洗苯效率控制在95%以上,系统运行稳定。     

富油加热器在粗苯生产中的应用

针对管式炉在粗苯工段富油加热系统中存在的安全性能差、易造成洗油变质等问题,改用以蒸汽为热源的富油加热器,提高了循环洗油质量,降低了吨苯洗油消耗量,并提高了粗苯产量,大大增加了粗苯生产的安全性。     

全国各大科研院所、高等院校、科技开发公司技术转让项目

高温煤焦油洗油常温脱色除臭技术 高温煤焦油是炼焦工业的副产品,蒸馏时一般被切割为轻油、酚油、萘油、洗油、蒽油和残留沥青等几个馏分.大多将洗油和萘油混在一起,再经脱萘处理提出重要的化工原料萘.其馏程为:170℃前为轻油(主要成分为粗苯);170～210℃为酚油;210～230℃为萘油;230～300℃为洗油.脱酚后的酚油称脱酚酚油;脱萘后的洗油称低萘洗油.     

粗苯生产中循环洗油质量变差的现象分析

粗苯生产系统造成循环洗油析出结晶物的原因,由于外购洗油质量都经深加工处理,把洗油中的甲基萘完全提炼出去,使洗油含萘量过少,因此在吸收煤气中苯族烃的过程中,洗油质量的好坏,直接影响着焦炉煤气中苯族烃的回收。通过生产实践研究轻质洗油相比国标洗油具有的优势：甲基萘含量高、杂质少、粘度低、比重小、流动性好、洗苯雾化效果好、与煤气充分接触面积大、洗苯效率高且0℃不结晶、不易堵塞设备。     

改善粗苯工序循环洗油质量的经验

1存在问题我厂的粗苯工段采用管式炉加热富油、单塔蒸馏生产粗苯、富油再生工艺。多年来,循环洗油质量差的问题一直困扰着粗苯装置的正常运行。特别是2000年12月16日新焦炉投产后,煤气净化装置的处理量增加了1/3,大大超过了设计能力,不仅使塔后煤气含苯量有时高达10g/m3以上,而且洗苯塔也出现严重堵塞。表1列出了2000年至2002年的年均生产数据。生产实践表明,当循环洗油的300℃前馏出量较低时,洗苯塔阻力明显增长,粗苯质量波动,产量降低,180℃前的馏出量随之降低。1993年前,洗苯系统为两系四塔操作,洗苯塔经常堵塞,将再生器改为筛板式后,堵…     

粗苯工段排渣操作的优化及技改效果

迁安中化公司针对粗苯工段的排干渣污染较大,排湿渣洗油消耗较大且易堵输送管道的问题,优化排渣方式,以排湿渣的方式,实现排干渣的效果。在排渣过程中,通过调整再生器排渣时温度,确定最优排渣温度控制在230℃~233℃,可使循环洗油质量得以改善,确保粗苯回收工艺顺畅,同时降低洗油消耗,并保证稳定的粗苯收率。生产实践证明,再生器排渣温度控制在最优温度时,循环洗油恩氏黏度(E50)可稳定在1.6,生产吨苯洗油消耗可稳定在50 kg左右。     

全国各大科研院所、高等院校、科技开发公司技术转让项目

高温煤焦油洗油常温脱色除臭技术 高温煤焦油是炼焦工业的副产品,蒸馏时一般被切割为轻油、酚油、萘油、洗油、蒽油和残留沥青等几个馏分。大多将洗油和萘油混在一起,再经脱萘处理提出重要的化工原料萘。其馏程为：170℃前为轻油（主要成分为粗苯）;170～210℃为酚油’210～230℃为萘油;230～300℃为洗油。脱酚后的酚油称脱酚酚油;脱萘后的洗油称低萘洗油。没有深脱萘的洗油其质量符合GB3064—82国家标准,萘合量〈15％,酚含量〈0．5％。     

全国各大科研院所、高等院校、科技开发公司技术转让项目

高温煤焦油洗油常温脱色除臭技术高温煤焦油是炼焦工业的副产品,蒸馏时一般被切割为轻油、酚油、萘油、洗油、蒽油和残留沥青等几个馏分。大多将洗油和萘油混在一起,再经脱萘处理提出重要的化工原料萘。其馏程为:170℃前为轻油(主要成分为粗苯);170～210℃为酚油;210～230℃为萘油;230～300℃为洗油。脱酚后的酚油称脱酚酚油;脱萘后的洗油称低萘洗油。没有深脱萘的洗油其质量符合GB3064—82国家标准,萘合量<15%,酚含量<0.5%。而低萘洗油含萘微量,一般国内现行焦化厂大多为洗油,极少数的焦化厂才有低萘洗油产品。     

粗苯残渣尾气高效复合净化技术研究及应用

我厂粗苯生产采用管式炉过热蒸汽法,富油被加热至180℃左右,去脱苯塔脱除粗苯后循环使用,在循环热油中（管式炉后）取占循环油量1-1．5％的洗油送入再生器,在此用过热直接蒸汽再生,生成含苯洗油蒸汽送脱苯塔底部,残留在再生器底部的热残渣油排入残渣油槽,定期加热后送入焦油贮槽（粗苯排渣系统工艺流程如图-1）。     

提高粗苯收率的生产实践

针对粗苯收率较低的状况,找出影响粗苯收率的因素。从降低洗苯塔阻力、提高洗油循环量、降低洗苯塔吸收温度、增大脱苯塔回流量、改善循环洗油质量等方面提高粗苯收率,取得了良好效果,粗苯收率由0.8%提高到0.91%。     

Low temperature—long time,high temperature-short time liquefaction of coal: The Hokudai process

A Japanese cola was hydrogenated in wash oil with fine iron dust and sulphur as catalyst under a reaction pressure of 12–13 MPa at 420 °C for 2 h and then at 500 °C for 0–20 min. The liquid yield boiling up to 600 °C amounted to 55–66 wt%. Pyridine conversion was ≈ 100 wt%, benzene conversion 82–90 wt% and n-hexane conversion 53–70 wt%. Compared with direct hydrogenation at 500 °C for 10 min the low temperature-long time plus high temperature-short time liquefaction process (the Hokudai process) is a very effective method for obtaining high liquid yield under relatively low hydrogen pressure without coking, using disposable catalyst and non-donor solvent.     

New method for obtaining the distillation curves of petroleum products and coal-derived liquids using a small amount of sample

Based on thermogravimetric principles a new distillation method for petroleum products and coal-derived liquids has been developed. The boiling point distributions of five petroleum fractions (kerosene; 128–228 °C; light gas oil, 178–298 °C; middle gas oil, 200–360 °C; vacuum gas oil, 268–565 °C; and high vacuum gas oil, 305–604 °C) and one highly aromatic coal-tar fraction (wash oil, 180–310 °C) were obtained. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by standard (ASTM) distillation methods. The amount of sample required is very small (≈10 mg) and can be solid or liquid. The experiments at normal pressure were carried out using a specially designed sample holder made of quartz. In the case of high-boiling-point fractions (distillation under reduced pressure) a normal sample holder can be used. The results are automatically recorded as temperature versus weight loss.     

降低洗油消耗的措施

分析了粗苯蒸馏生产中洗油消耗高的原因,可以通过控制入洗苯塔煤气含氨量、控制新洗油的质量、回收洗苯塔后煤气带走的油雾、保证入再生器的洗油量稳定、提高再生器底部放渣温度等措施降低洗油消耗,可供生产企业借鉴。     

Researches on improving the quality and quantity of the feed for catalytic cracking

Studies have been carried out on the influence of cumene hydroxperoxide at high temperatures on the properties of the atmospheric residue of crude oil and on the composition and quantity of the fraction obtained at 350–490 °C during its vacuum distillation. This treatment results in an increase in the yield of the fraction boiling at 350–490 °C and a decrease in coke and heavy metals contents.     

低压蒸汽下粗苯生产参数的调整

分析了中平能化集团天宏焦化公司捣固焦粗苯生产系统在低压蒸汽下运行中存在的问题,认为蒸汽压力偏低是影响粗苯生产的主要原因。在实际生产中,通过采取提高管式炉炉膛温度、提高洗苯富油的循环量、合理控制脱苯塔的回流比及提高贫油的再生量等调节措施,使粗苯产量、质量均达到要求。     

浅谈粗苯洗油

论述了粗苯洗油的质量要求,分析了粗苯洗油变坏的原因,指出了处理变坏洗油的办法。     

Effect of air oxidation on coal hydrogenation

Japanese Taiheiyo coal (75.9%C) was oxidized with air at 250 °C for 3–40 h and at 300 °C for 3–10 h. The weight decreased from 16.3 to 46.5% at 250 °C and from 21.7 to 41.3% at 300 °C. Carbon loss and yield of NaOH soluble were obtained. The resultant oxidation products were hydrogenated at 370 °C for 1 h under 10 MPa hydrogen pressure using red mud with sulphur as catalyst and wash oil as solvent. Conversion to pyridine, benzene and n-hexane soluble fraction shows a minimum for the coal oxidized 10 h at 250 °C and for the coal oxidized for 3 h at 300 °C. Initial oxidation makes a network structure which contributes to a reduction in conversion, but in later stages of oxidation, splitting of bridge linkages and/or ring opening of aromatic structures, contribute to increases in conversion.     

Investigating the process of heavy crude oil steam cracking over disperse catalysts. I: Selection of optimal steam cracking conditions without catalyst

The process of heavy crude oil steam cracking using semi-flow (with respect to water) and steadystate regimes at 425°C without catalyst is investigated. It is established that in the case of a semi-flow regime, water acts predominantly as a physical agent facilitating the distillation of hydrocarbon fractions and thus preventing their transformation into petroleum coke. A reduction in coke yield is observed for a steady-state regime in comparison to a semi-flow regime; the introduction of water results in enhanced conversion of the high-boiling fraction and an increased yield of light fractions in the composition of liquid products. Based on the obtained data, it is concluded that water plays a positive role during the conversion of heavy crude oil, and that the steam cracking process is promising for production of lighter synthetic and/or semi-synthetic oils.     

提高轻苯产率和降低洗油消耗的措施

通过对粗苯装置设备的改造和优化操作,既解决了设备能力与生产负荷不匹配的问题,又提高了轻苯收率和降低了洗油消耗。     

影响粗苯产量的因素

对焦化企业粗苯产量的影响因素进行全面的分析,对洗苯温度、洗油质量、过热蒸汽、富油温度、粗苯温度等主要影响因素做了详细分析与总结,并得出以下结论：洗苯效率随着入塔煤气温度的升高而增加,煤气最佳温度为20～25℃;确保洗油质量的措施是控制再生器的排渣次数和排渣温度,每周排渣3次,排渣温度190℃为佳;蒸馏塔顶温度为94～96℃、蒸汽温度为340℃以上,富油温度为180～190℃;冷却后的粗苯温度在25-30℃之间时,粗苯产量为最佳。