AgWC30电接触材料的电弧行为研究

对电弧基本行为的研究一直是电接触材料领域的研究重点,本研究以AgWC30触头为研究对象,借助高速摄像的手段,观测电触头对在不同工作条件下,电弧行为的基本特征和规律,并进行了定量测量研究。结果表明,电弧演化阶段经历起弧、稳定燃烧、迅速熄灭3个过程。起弧阶段存在多点起弧特征,并伴有明显的金属熔滴的喷溅行为,稳定燃烧阶段出现电弧的产生、长大和合并行为,最后电弧迅速熄灭。通过扫描电镜对燃弧后触头表面的形貌分析,判断触头表面存在以WC为骨架覆Ag的大量凸丘,凸丘与熔桥的产生和断裂行为有密切关系,触头分断过程中熔桥和电弧可同时存在,并存在一定的协助作用。     

Cu含量对Ag/LSCO电接触材料物理性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法辅以高能球磨工艺合成Cu粉体改性La_0.5Sr_0.5CoO_3-δ(LSCO)粉体,用粉末冶金工艺结合热挤压技术制备了系列Cu改性Ag/LSCO电接触材料与成品丝,研究了Cu粉体对改性Ag/LSCO材料界面润湿性、物理力学性能等影响规律。结果表明,随着Cu含量的增加,改性Ag/LSCO-x Cu (x=0、1、2、4、6、8)电接触材料的电阻率呈先增加后减小的趋势,与Ag和LSCO基底的润湿角变化趋势相一致,但其密度和硬度性能变化趋势相反;当Cu含量为4%时,Ag和LSCO-4Cu基底的润湿角达最小值55.0°,相应的成品丝(φ2.35 mm)性能最佳：电阻率2.29μ?·cm,硬度(HV_0.3)946.7 MPa,密度9.73 g/cm³,断后延伸率3.9%,为纯Ag/LSCO的3.9倍。     

大变形Ag/Ni20纤维复合电接触材料电弧侵蚀及形貌特征

采用包覆挤压、集束挤压、大变形冷拉拔等大变形技术制备出Ag/Ni20纤维复合电接触材料,研究该材料在直流条件下触点的电弧侵蚀,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)等方法分析电弧侵蚀后触点表面微观结构和元素分布,归纳出大变形Ag/Ni20纤维复合电接触材料具有浆糊状凝固物、珊瑚状结构、骨架结构、孔洞或气孔、裂纹等5种电弧侵蚀形貌特征。     

Cu/TiBN电接触材料的导电性及抗电弧侵蚀机理

采用渗硼烧结法合成了一种新型TiBN粉体材料,它兼有陶瓷性和金属性,电阻率为2.6×10-3Ω·cm。以TiBN和TiN为增强相,采用粉末冶金法制备了Cu/TiBN和Cu/TiN电接触材料,系统的研究了不同含量TiBN和TiN的电接触材料的微观结构和物理性能。结果表明,与TiN相比,TiBN增强相能明显改善Cu基电接触材料的导电性能、抗氧化性能、硬度和抗电弧侵蚀性能。当含量为5wt.%时,Cu/TiBN电接触材料的抗电弧侵蚀能力最好,重量损失仅为1.5mg。电弧侵蚀时,在Cu/TiBN表面生成TixOy、B2O3和N2等产物,这些产物能明显改善Cu/TiBN电接触材料的抗电弧侵蚀能力。新开发的Cu/TiBN电接触材料具有优异的物理性能和抗电弧侵蚀性能,在电接触行业中拥有广阔的应用前景。     

Arc erosion behavior of a nanocomposite W-Cu electrical contact material

The erosion behavior of a nanocomposite W-Cu material under arc breakdown was investigated. The arc erosion rates of the material were determined, and the eroded surfaces and arc erosion mechanisms were studied by scanning electron microscopy. It is concluded that the nanocomposite W-Cu electrical contact material shows a characteristic of spreading arcs. The arc breakdown of a commercially used W-Cu alloy was limited in a few areas, and its average arc erosion rate is twice as large as that of the former. Furthermore, it is also proved that the arc extinction ability and arc stability of the nanocomposite W-Cu material are excellent, and melting is the major failure modality in the make-and-break operation of arcs.     

Ag/LaNixCo1-xO3触点材料的制备及电接触性能研究

本文运用溶胶-凝胶燃烧法合成了双钙钛矿型LaNixCo1-xO3(LNCO)纳米材料,利用粉末冶金和热挤压技术制备了相应的Ag/LNCO触点材料及元件样品。重点考察了不同Ni、Co含量对Ag/LNCO触点材料微观结构、物相组成、物理性能、力学性能及电寿命服役能力的影响,对其电弧侵蚀失效行为进行了研究,并与SnO2粉体增强Ag基触点材料进行对比。结果表明:溶胶凝胶法合成的LNCO纳米颗粒粒径为20-30 nm,经粉末冶金工艺制备的Ag/LaNi0.5Co0.5O3触点材料电学性能和电寿命都优于Ag/SnO2触点材料,其电阻率低至2.10 μΩ?cm,电寿命性能达到51287次。表明Ag/LaNi0.5Co0.5O3触点材料性能较佳,是一种可以取代Ag/CdO的新型触点材料。     

不同SnO2含量的AgSnO2触头材料电弧侵蚀行为研究

采用粉末冶金法制备了不同SnO2含量的AgSnO2触头材料,研究了SnO2含量对AgSnO2触头材料电弧侵蚀行为的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征了AgSnO2触头材料电弧侵蚀形貌,对影响AgSnO2触头材料电弧侵蚀的因素进行了分析。结果表明：在电弧侵蚀过程中侵蚀优先发生在SnO2区域。随SnO2含量增多,燃弧时间依次增加,侵蚀面积逐渐减小,侵蚀坑变深,金属喷溅增强。     

掺杂对WCu电触头材料电弧特性的影响

利用粉末冶金技术制备出分别掺杂0.3%B、2.0%Nb和1.5%Ce (质量分数)的WCu电触头材料,采用高速摄影技术和抗电弧烧蚀实验探讨不同掺杂元素对钨铜电触头材料电弧特性的影响.结果表明:真空击穿时,WCu电触头材料的电弧演化过程可以分为起弧、稳定燃烧和灭弧3个阶段;掺杂0.3%B、2.0%Nb和1.5%Ce的WCu电触头材料的电弧寿命比未掺杂的长,截流值小;等离子云体积大,颜色浅,在样品表面燃烧区域大,电弧分散,燃弧能量分散;电弧燃烧稳定,无放射状光芒.含有掺杂元素的WCu电触头材料的抗电弧烧蚀性能均得到明显改善;其中最明显的为WCu-B电触头材料,其抗烧蚀性能提高了近30%.     

电接触强化对Ni/Cu复合镀层组织与性能的影响

利用电刷镀在铸铁表面制备了厚度在1 mm左右的Ni/Cu复合镀层,并对镀层进行了电接触强化试验。利用场发射电镜(FESEM)、维氏硬度计分析了电接触强化对镀层组织性能的影响。试验结果表明,电接触强化改善了镀层表面和内部质量,减少了镀层内部裂纹、孔洞等缺陷。同时,电接触强化使镀层和基体之间产生了部分镶嵌熔融。电接触强化改变了Ni层与Cu层的组织结构,使镀层组织更加致密紧实,Cu层和Ni层之间发生了塑性变形,产生了一定的镶嵌。强化后镀层表面及截面硬度都有所提升。镀层与基体之间形成的硬化层硬度远大于基体硬度,电接触强化提高了镀层与基体之间的结合力。     

Influence of graphite content on sliding wear characteristics of CNTs-Ag-G electrical contact materials

CNTs-Ag-G electrical contact composite material was prepared by means of powder metallurgical method. The influence of the graphite content on sliding wear characteristics of electrical contact levels was examined. In experiments, CNTs content was retained as 1% (mass fraction), and graphite was added at content levels of 8%, 10%, 13%, 15% and 18%, respectively. The results indicate that with the increase of graphite content, the contact resistance of electrical contacts is enhanced to a certain level then remains constant. Friction coefficient decreases gradually with the increase of graphite content. Wear mass loss decreases to the minimum value then increases. With the small content of graphite, the adhesive wear is hindered, which leads to the decrease of wear mass loss, while excessive graphite brings much more worn debris, resulting in the increase of mass loss. It is concluded that wear mass loss reaches the minimum value when the graphite mass fraction is about 13%. Compared with conventional Ag-G contact material, the wear mass loss of CNTs-Ag-G composite is much less due to the obvious increase of hardness and electrical conductivity, decline of friction surface temperature and inhibition of adhesive wear between composites and slip rings.     

热压法制备Ag-TiB_2触头材料的组织及性能研究

采用热压法制备了不同TiB_2粒度增强的Ag-4%TiB_2(质里分数)触头材料,研升了TiB_2粒度大小对Ag-4%TiB2触头材料组织及性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜对Ag-4%TiB_2触头材料的组织和电弧侵蚀后的形貌进行了表征,对致密度、硬度及导电率进行了测量。结果表明:热压法有助于提高Ag-4%TiB_2触头材料的致密度。随着TiB_2粒径的减小,硬度先增大后减小,导电率不断增大。细小弥散分布的TiB_2颗粒有助于改善耐电弧侵蚀性,侵蚀面积较大,蚀坑浅,燃弧时间短。     

环保型氧化物增强银基电接触功能复合材料研究进展

围绕研制开发具有与AgCdO性能相媲美的银基电接触材柞,报道柚近3年来传统Ag/SnO2、Ag/ZnO、Ag/CuO三种银基电接触材柞体系的研究现状,主要论述国内外研究恘者从掺杂改性、制备方法、材柞模拟仿真、第一性原理计算等方面开展的大柎优化研究;梳理柚目前制备银基电接触材柞体系的常规制备技术及其工作原理;简述柚当前部...     

制备工艺对Ag/Co3O4电接触材料物理性能的影响

以水热法合成的Co3O4空心球粉体和化学银粉为原料,运用粉末冶金技术调控不同成型压力、烧结制度等工艺参数制备Ag/Co3O4电接触材料;采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、金相显微镜等对其形貌、物相及金相组织进行了表征;对比分析压制烧结条件对电阻率、硬度和密度(致密度)等物理性能的影响。结果表明,100℃水热反应13 h合成的Co3O4为粒径2.2 mm的空心微球粉体。1000 MPa、850℃保温6 h初压初烧后,进一步经复压复烧(1000 MPa、800℃保温6 h)处理,得到的Ag/Co3O4材料物理性能得到提高,其电阻率低至2.78 mΩ.cm,硬度(HV0.5)高至71.7,密度为9.22 g/cm³(致密度95.6%),表明复压复烧工艺有助于实现Co3O4颗粒增强相在银基体上的均匀弥散分布,降低Ag/Co3O4材料的孔隙率,提高其致密度,改善其综合物理性能。     

SnO2含量对AgCuOSnO2电接触性能的影响

采用反应合成法制备了不同SnO2含量的AgCuOSnO2电接触材料。本文采用FQR-7501型涡流电导率仪测量抛光AgCuOSnO2的电导率。用扫描电镜(SEM)观察和研究了AgCuOSnO2电接触表面侵蚀形貌。JF04C直流数字电阻测试仪用于进行10000点测试。结果表明,AgCuO(10)SnO2(5)和AgCuO(10)SnO2(8)电触头材料在U=12V和I=15A时的接触电阻小于1.3mΩ,波动最小;当I=10A时,AgCuO(10)SnO2（x,x=2,5,8）的焊接力小于8cN,AgCuO(10)SnO2(5)电触头的焊接力较小当电流增大时稳定;当AgCuOSnO2电触头材料发生电弧烧蚀时,材料从阳极向阴极转移。随着SnO2含量的增加,材料传输过程中的损耗得到抑制和降低。所转移的电触头表面存在较少的气孔和微裂纹,表面形貌较为平坦。     

Ag包覆Ni复合纳米粉体的制备及其导电性能

用化学镀法,以葡萄糖为还原剂,制备了Ag包覆Ni复合纳米粉体,并用制备的复合纳米粉作为导电相配制了导电浆料。用XRD、TEM和电阻率测定等手段研究了粉体的相结构、形貌、粒度和导电性能。结果表明,制备的Ag包覆Ni复合纳米颗粒具有壳/核结构,核为纳米Ni,壳为Ag,复合纳米颗粒粒度分布为20~100 nm,Ag层的厚度约为4 nm。Ag包覆Ni复合纳米粉导电浆料在1.33 Pa的真空下,采用200℃/60 min的烧结工艺,可制得电阻率为(1.26~2.83)×10-4Ω·cm的导电膜,其导电性能优于纳米Ni粉、纳米Cu粉和纳米Ag-Cu合金粉导电浆料。     

Ag/La2NiO4复合触点材料的制备与性能

利用传统的陶瓷制备工艺制成La2NiO4类金属导电陶瓷,将其与银粉混合制成Ag/La2NiO4复合触点材料,该材料具有电阻率较小,加工性好等特点.X射线衍射分析发现La2NiO4陶瓷在电弧烧蚀作用下相结构不发生变化,具有高的化学稳定性.模拟电寿命实验测得触点材料转移和烧蚀量小,表面抗烧蚀性好.与通用的Ag/CdO和Ag/SnO2触点材料比较,Ag/La2NiO4性能较佳,是一种可以取代Ag/CdO的新型触点材料.     

Arc erosion of AgSnO<Subscript>2</Subscript> electrical contacts at different stages of a break operation

Arc erosion studies are conducted on AgSnO2 contact materials at different stages in the break operation. A resistive load arrangement is used with up to 42 V DC at 24 A and a constant contact opening velocity. The arc current is terminated at different stages as the arc is drawn between the contacts enabling a study of the arcing phenomena up to that point. Surface profiling of the contacts is conducted to determine the extent of erosion at the different stages as the arc is drawn. Spectral analysis is also conducted on the arc and then related to the extent of erosion. The results show that particular features occur at different stages as the arc is drawn. As the arc is initially established, it goes through an "Arc Generation" regime where the arc roots are small and immobile on both the anode and the cathode. Material transfer occurs mainly from anode to cathode. The spectral analysis indicates that Sn and O species dominate the arc followed by the Ag species. As the arc is drawn further and enters the "Arc Degeneration" regime, the anode undergoes significantly larger erosion than the cathode. Also, both contacts indicate that multiple arc roots have formed, which are highly mobile in the later stages of the discharge. The spectral analysis indicates that Ag and N species are in high concentrations compared to other species. The mechanisms of erosion and deposition are discussed in relation to the species within the arc discharge. For the complete break operation, it is found that the anode undergoes major erosion, and it is thought that the gaseous ions species do not dominate the arc under these conditions of short arcs and voltage <42 V to cause cathode erosion.     

Ag/Ni20纤维复合材料触点制备过程中的塑性变形

以大变形Ag/Ni20纤维复合材料触点为实验样品,以扫描电镜等为分析手段,根据触点内部纤维组织的变形和分布情况,通过建立5区域应力应变模型,研究大变形金属纤维复合材料触点制备中的塑性问题。结果表明,触点在制备过程中存在压缩和拉伸两种变形,位于钉头与钉角处的第3区和钉头表面的第1区应力应变最集中,为拉伸变形,平均变形量在80%,是裂纹容易产生的地方。材料塑性应满足这两个区域的塑性拉伸变形要求,才能制备出高质量的触点     

Ag-MAX电触头材料的研究现状及发展趋势

电触头材料是继电器、电路开关、仪器仪表等电气设备中极为重要的组成部分,承担接通、断开电路及负载电流的任务,电触头材料的性能、质量好坏将直接影响仪器的寿命及使用可靠性。对近年来逐渐得到关注的Ag-MAX电触头材料进行简要介绍,讨论了Ag-MAX电触头材料的种类、制备工艺及相关性能,对Ag-MAX电触头材料的未来发展进行展望。     

石墨烯含量对多层石墨烯/银复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了多层石墨烯/银电接触复合材料,并系统研究了多层石墨烯含量对多层石墨烯/银复合材料微观组织、导电率、硬度及电弧侵蚀的影响。结果表明,复合材料密度随多层石墨烯含量的增加而减小。多层石墨烯含量为0.5%的石墨烯/银复合材料具有最佳的导电率,为84.5% IACS。当多层石墨烯含量高于2.0%以后,复合材料硬度降低幅度明显增大。多层石墨烯含量为1.5%的多层石墨烯/银电接触复合材料表现出最优异的抗电弧侵蚀性能。