包铝的7075和2024合金在海洋大气环境中的点蚀演化机制

通过带包铝层的7075和2024合金在海洋大气环境中长期现场暴露和室内加速模拟试验,用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、电化学测试系统和扫描Kelvin探针等研究了高强铝合金包铝层中点蚀演化机制。结果表明,在海洋大气环境中暴露20 a后,带包铝7075和2024的点蚀都未穿透表面包铝层;在腐蚀严重的部位,蚀坑底部仍然保留10μm厚的内层包铝。内层包铝含有Al,Zn和Mg元素,外层包铝含有Al和Zn元素。少量Mg元素的存在使得内层包铝在25℃的0.6 mol/L NaCl溶液中腐蚀电位和空气中Kelvin电位都相对外层包铝较正,内层包铝具有较高的耐蚀性。在现场暴露和室内加速模拟试验中,点蚀坑在包铝层中倾向于沿横向扩展而不是向纵深方向发展,最终形成宽而浅的平底状点蚀坑。     

铝基复合材料的腐蚀行为

综述了国内外关于铝基复合材料腐蚀行为的研究现状,对其点蚀、电偶腐蚀、应力文化馆进行了归纳总结,同时就材料加工及热处理对复合材料腐蚀行为的影响进行了概述。     

微晶化对纯铝点蚀行为的影响

通过磁控溅射技术在玻璃基体上制备了晶粒尺寸在400 nm左右微晶铝膜.利用动电位极化曲线及电化学噪声技术研究了微晶铝在酸性氯化钠溶液的腐蚀行为.结果表明,微晶铝自腐蚀电位升高,自腐蚀电流明显减小,维钝电流、点蚀击破电位显著升高;微晶化对纯铝点蚀行为有两方面的影响,一方面点蚀孕育速度增大,另一方面点蚀牛长速度降低,导致微晶化后纯铝的耐点蚀性能增强.     

交流负半周对高纯铝在盐酸溶液中点蚀行为的影响

研究了阴极下限电位和阴极半周时间对高纯铝在２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ溶液中三角波动电位极化初期的伏安特性和表面形貌的影响,随极极下限电位的负移,阳极溶解电流快速减小,腐蚀箔表面蚀坑直么和密度明显降低;但在同一阴极下限电位时,随阴极半周时间的延长,阳极电流则缓慢降低。     

2024铝合金在中国西部盐湖大气环境中的局部腐蚀行为

通过4 a的现场大气暴露实验,利用SEM/EDS,OM,XRD技术和电化学测试技术,研究了包/不包铝的2024铝合金在中国西部盐湖大气环境中的局部腐蚀行为.结果表明,包/不包铝的2024铝合金在盐湖大气环境中发生了严重的点蚀,暴露2 a后,包铝层已被腐蚀穿透;不包铝的2024铝合金最大点蚀深度已达约320μm个别位置发生穿孔.包/不包铝的2024铝合金的主要腐蚀产物都是层状双金属氢氧化物—[Mg_(1-x)Al_x(OH)_2]~(x+)(Cl~-,CO~(2-))_x·mH_2O.电化学测试分析结果表明,随Cl~-浓度的升高,2024铝合金的开路电位不断降低,耐蚀性变差.     

碳钢在点蚀/缝隙腐蚀闭塞区模拟溶液中的腐蚀行为

研究了低碳钢在点蚀孔/缝隙腐蚀闭塞区模拟溶液中的腐蚀 行为.结果表明低碳钢在pH等于2～4的模拟闭塞区溶液中,阴极过程由氢离子的扩散步骤控 制,阴极去极化起着主要作用.当pH值小于2时,阴极过程表现为活化特征.阳极溶解过程遵 循着Bockris机理.碳钢在闭塞区的腐蚀不存在临界pH值和临界Cl-浓度,腐蚀速度(V c)的对数与pH值呈线性关系.闭塞区内溶液pH的微小变化,对腐蚀速度有明显的影响.外部 溶液中的Cl-离子迁入闭塞区后,会促使溶液pH下降.     

反应堆A0纯铝的点蚀模拟

测量A0纯铝在去离子水中的极化曲线用来模拟反应堆池壳的点蚀.研究表明A0纯铝在去离子水中很容易钝化.实验中用美国EG&G普林斯顿应用研究公司生产的273型恒电位/恒电流仪测量模拟孔电位,极化曲线表明模拟腐蚀坑处于钝化状态,即便是氧化膜破裂,腐蚀坑也发展得很慢.用pH计测量孔中pH的变化,并得到其工作曲线,此曲线表明带有氧化膜的点蚀坑坑内存在明显的酸化现象.并对A0铝池壳的服务寿命进行了估计.     

2507双相不锈钢在南海深水环境中的点蚀和缝隙腐蚀行为

通过细菌培养试验、实海浸泡腐蚀试验,研究了2507双相不锈钢在南海深水环境中的点蚀和缝隙腐蚀行为,通过电化学测试、光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪等方法,分析了2507双相不锈钢的电化学特征和微观腐蚀形貌。结果表明：南海深水中无硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)和锰氧化菌(MOB)菌群,1 L南海深水中大约有400个铁氧化菌(IOB);在南海深水环境中浸泡17 d后,2507双相不锈钢开始出现点蚀倾向,这可能与微生物的附着和氯离子的富集有关;浸泡120 d和592 d后,2507双相不锈钢表面有点蚀坑,且随着浸泡时间的延长,蚀坑深度无明显增加;浸泡506 d和592 d后,2507双相不锈钢缝隙区域出现腐蚀坑,其深度约为7μm。     

热处理对铝锂合金在NaCl水溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

对铝锂合金在热轧、固溶淬火后自然时效和不同时间人工时效后测定了在３．５％ＮａＣｌ水溶液中的平均腐蚀速率，观察了腐蚀形成，结果表明，合金的平均腐蚀速率较大，在含Ｃｌ＾－介质中易发生局部腐蚀，透射电镜观察结果表明，延长时效时间，合金昌粒中Ｔ１相增多，δ＇相减少，晶界富铜相增多，无沉淀带加宽，因而加剧了点蚀和沿晶腐蚀。     

铝青铜在不同流速海水泥浆下的冲刷腐蚀行为

通过扫描电镜、电化学阻抗谱和电化学噪声和腐蚀测试,研究了铝青铜在静态海水、2 m/s和4 m/s海水泥浆下的冲刷腐蚀行为。结果表明：在静态海水中,腐蚀前期铝青铜表面以点蚀为主,腐蚀后期铝青铜表面腐蚀产物的积累使腐蚀性粒子传输困难,电化学腐蚀速率逐渐降低;在2 m/s海水冲刷下,铝青铜表面点蚀较严重,腐蚀主要受扩散控制,腐蚀产物的脱落使其腐蚀速率增大;在4 m/s海水冲刷下,腐蚀初期铝青铜表面以点蚀为主,受扩散影响,腐蚀后期,成核生长能量上升,铝青铜的腐蚀速率先降低后保持稳定。     

Corrosion behavior of copper in extremely harsh marine atmosphere in Nansha Islands,China

The corrosion behavior of pure copper exposed to the atmosphere of Nansha Islands for 21 months was studied by mass loss method, composition analysis, morphology observation and electrochemical measurements. The results showed that the average corrosion rate of copper exposed for one year was approximately 7.85 μm/a, implying that Nansha Islands was classified as a corrosion category of CX. The structure and properties of the corrosion product layer generated on the front and back sides of the exposed sample differed significantly. The inner corrosion product layer (Cu₂O) on the front side was relatively thick and dense, whereas the outer product layer (Cu₂Cl(OH)₃) was extremely thin. However, the outer product layer on the back side was thicker than the inner layer. Electrochemical measurements indicated that the protection afforded by the corrosion product layer on the front side was improved gradually, while that on the back side was deteriorated.     

Corrosion behavior of pure aluminum in FeCl_3 solution

1Introduction Some in-situ imaging technologies such as video camera[1,2]and CLSM(confocal laser scanning microscopy)[3]have been used in corrosion studies,but the detailed morphological characteristics of surfaces can not be obtained from these methods b…     

Corrosion behavior of pure aluminum in FeCl3 solution

The corrosion behavior of pure aluminum in FeCl₃ solution was investigated mainly by in-situ AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). The results of combined researches of AFM, SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EDAX(Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-ray) show that in addition to uniform attack, pitting corrosion takes place also on pure aluminum surface in FeCl₃ solution at open-circuit potential, and impurity elements Fe and Cu are found enriched in corrosion product. In-situ AFM was also used to examine the initiation and development of pitting corrosion of pure aluminum induced by potentiodynamic sweep, and the repassivation of an active pit is observed. AFM tip scratching technique was used to produce a physical defect on metal surface, which is traced by in-situ AFM and it is found that the defect is likely to be preferentially attacked and evolve to pitting corrosion.     

2024-T3铝合金在模拟海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为

通过循环盐雾腐蚀实验,模拟2024-T3铝合金在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀过程。采用腐蚀质量损失测试、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)和电化学技术分别对腐蚀117、242、362、487和598 h的2024-T3铝合金试样进行测试分析,得到腐蚀动力学、腐蚀产物和点蚀坑的形貌、腐蚀产物的成分以及表面锈层的电化学特性,研究锈层对2024-T3铝合金大气腐蚀的影响。动力学分析表明,腐蚀过程中2024-T3铝合金的表面形成了具有较好保护性的锈层;电化学测试结果表明,锈层的保护性呈现随腐蚀时间的延长先增强后减弱然后再略增强的变化过程。     

Initial corrosion behavior of pure zinc in simulated tropical marine atmosphere

The initial corrosion behavior of pure zinc in a simulated tropical marine atmosphere was investigated using gravimetric method, scanning electron microscope combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The kinetics of corrosion process is a decelerating process following the empirical equation D=Atⁿ (n<1). The protectiveness of the corrosion product layer could be attributed to the formation of simonkolleite, Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂·H₂O, which could inhibit the rate determining step, namely charge transfer step, of the electrochemical corrosion process. A model of the evolution process of the product layers formed on zinc was proposed. In addition, the regularity of the corrosion rate of zinc as a function of the NaCl deposition rate can be described by a power function.     

热镀锌层在模拟沿海工业大气环境中的腐蚀行为

通过无浸润式干湿交替循环加速腐蚀试验模拟热镀锌层在沿海工业大气环境中的腐蚀过程. 采用腐蚀失重和动态极化曲线,结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和极化曲线分别对腐蚀24,48,96,192,336和672 h的热浸镀锌钢试样进行测试分析. 结果表明,镀锌层的腐蚀动力学变化规律符合经验公式D=Btn,腐蚀速率随时间延长先减小后增大. 腐蚀产物在96 h前均匀致密,腐蚀过程受阴极扩散过程控制,96 h后腐蚀过程受阳极过程控制. 含Cl元素的腐蚀产物NaZn4SO4Cl(OH)6·6H2O和Zn12(OH)15Cl3(SO4)3·5H2O对镀锌层的保护作用比初期产物Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6等保护作用差.     

Atmospheric corrosion behavior of 7A09 aluminum alloy exposed to an industrial environment

The corrosion behavior of 7A09 alloys exposed to an industrial atmosphere for 36 months was studied by weight loss method, morphology observation, electrochemical method, and loss in mechanical properties. Under the condition of exposure to an industrial atmosphere, the 7A09 alloy suffers obvious pitting corrosion and intergranular corrosion (IGC), and a charge transfer process controls the corrosion reaction. The corrosion rate presents a decreasing tendency with exposure time, which is mainly due to the enhancement of the protective ability of the corrosion product layer. The occurrence of IGC of this alloy is mainly caused by the preferential dissolution of the grain boundary precipitates Mg(ZnAlCu)₂ and the precipitate-free zone along grain boundaries, and which leads to the reduction of the mechanical properties. In addition, the morphology and composition of the corrosion product layer were identified, and the corrosion mechanism was also discussed.     

The use of experimental design method for the investigation of pitting potential of aluminum

The dependence of the pitting potential (E_p) of aluminum on chloride concentration, pH and the temperature of the solution was studied by the potentiodynamic method according to a statistical experimental design. The parameters of the statistical E_p model offered on the basis of Box‐Wilson experimental design method were evaluated with the use of the experimental data. Comparison of the predicted values from the model with the observed values showed that the model is a good fit. From the model equation the most noble E_p value of ? 420 mV was obtained when Cl^? ion concentration, temperature and pH of the solution were 57 ppm, 22°C, and 8.3 respectively. Box‐Wilson experimental design technique was proved to be applicable in modelling E_p of aluminum.     

On the pitting corrosion behavior of ultrafine-grained aluminum processed by ECAP: A statistical analysis

The effect of the equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) process on the pitting corrosion behavior of ultrafine-grained aluminum was evaluated based on statistical analysis. The microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior were investigated. ECAP breakdowns/redistributes intermetallic particles, which contributes to a decrease in the local chemical heterogeneity. Higher average pitting potential (E_pit) values were observed after processing, but this improvement was neither significant nor sequential with each ECAP pass. Finally, the statistical analysis of the data and their dispersion did not lead to the conclusion that ECAP improves the corrosion resistance of aluminum, in view of the widely varying E_pit values observed.