Design and power analysis of 4 × 4 semiconductor ROM array with row decoder and column decoder at 32, 22 and 16 nm channel length of MOS transistor

Microsystem Technologies - In this work, the design and power consumption analysis of NOR based 4 × 4 semiconductor read-only-memory (ROM) array has been presented. In this...     

A full linear 3 × 3 color correction between images

Journal of Real-Time Image Processing - This work presents a novel color correction algorithm between images (or image regions) depicting the same environment. Color transfer is achieved by a...     

Sports analytics — Evaluation of basketball players and team performance

Given the recent trend in Data Science (DS) and Sports Analytics, an opportunity has arisen for utilizing Machine Learning (ML) and Data Mining (DM) techniques in sports. This paper reviews background and advanced basketball metrics used in National Basketball Association (NBA) and Euroleague games. The purpose of this paper is to benchmark existing performance analytics used in the literature for evaluating teams and players. Basketball is a sport that requires full set enumeration of parameters in order to understand the game in depth and analyze the strategy and decisions by minimizing unpredictability. This research provides valuable information for team and player performance basketball analytics to be used for better understanding of the game. Furthermore, these analytics can be used for team composition, athlete career improvement and assessing how this could be materialized for future predictions. Hence, critical analysis of these metrics are valuable tools for domain experts and decision makers to understand the strengths and weaknesses in the game, to better evaluate opponent teams, to see how to optimize performance indicators, to use them for team and player forecasting and finally to make better choices for team composition.     

Phase diagrams for liquid–liquid and liquid–solid equilibrium of the ternary poly ethylene glycol di-methyl ether 2000 + tri-sodium phosphate + water system at different temperatures and ambient pressure

Complete phase diagrams for the poly ethylene glycol di-methyl ether 2000 (PEGDME₂₀₀₀)+Na₃PO₄+H₂O system at T$T$ = (298.15, 308.15 and 318.15) K were determined. Liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) for the aqueous PEGDME₂₀₀₀+Na₃PO₄ system were determined experimentally at T$T$ = (298.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15) K. The effects of temperature on the binodals and tie-lines of the investigated aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) were also studied. Furthermore, the modified local composition segment-based NRTL and Wilson models and also osmotic virial equation were used for the correlation and prediction of the liquid–liquid phase behavior of the studied system.     

Phase transformations and phase equilibria in the La-Ni and La-Ni-Fe systems. Part 2: Isothermal sections at 750, 600 and 500 °C

The ternary phase diagram La-Ni-Fe was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Three isothermal sections, at 750, 600 and 500 °C were constructed covering the whole concentration range. In addition, vertical sections at 15 and 35 at.% La were evaluated based on the abovementioned methods and DTA analysis. Among binary compounds, LaNi₅, La₅Ni₁₉ and La₂Ni₇ have the widest homogeneity regions. The LaNi₅ phase dissolves 19.9, 19.6 and 19.4 at.% Fe at 750, 600 and 500 °C, respectively. The solubility of Fe in La₅Ni₁₉ is 14.5, 12.1 and 8.9 at.% at 750, 600 and 500 °C, respectively. For the La₂Ni₇ phase, the Fe-solubility was found to be 13.9, 11.3 and 10.1 at.% at 750, 600 and 500 °C, respectively. The homogeneity regions of the remaining phases are much smaller. The character of phase equilibria at 750 °C in the Ni-rich region is similar to those at solidus temperature. The character of the phase equilibria at 600 and 500 °C, however, differs from those at higher temperatures. In particular, the equilibrium (γFe,Ni) + La₅Ni₁₉ which is present in the La-Ni-Fe system at solidus temperature and 750 °C, is absent at 600 and 500 °C. Instead, the alternative equilibrium LaNi₅ + La₂Ni₇ is present at 600 °C. Furthermore, the equilibrium La₂Ni₇ + La₂Ni₃ which is present at solidus temperature, is replaced by the alternative equilibrium (αFe) + La₇Ni₁₆ at lower temperatures.     

Phase-equilibria investigation of the Dy-Mo-Si ternary system at 1173 K (900 °C)

The phase equilibria of the Dy-Mo-Si ternary system at 1173 K (900 °C) was experimentally determined in the entire concentration range by using x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that there are 13 single-phase regions, 24 two-phase regions, and 12 three-phase regions in the studied isothermal section. Nine binary compounds, i.e., α-MoSi₂, Mo₅Si₃, Mo₃Si, α-DySi₂, β-DySi_1.67, Dy₃Si₄, DySi, Dy₅Si₄, and Dy₅Si₃ and one ternary compound Dy₂Mo₃Si₄ were confirmed to exist at this temperature. The highest solubilities of Dy in Mo₃Si and Mo in β-DySi_1.67 are both determined to be less than 1 at.%. While the solubilities of Dy in (Mo), Mo₅Si₃, and α-MoSi₂ and Mo in (α-Dy), α-DySi₂, Dy₃Si₄, DySi, Dy₅Si₄, and Dy₅Si₃ and Si in (α-Dy) and (Mo) are about 1–6.8 at.%. Combining both DSC analysis and XRPD results, it is concluded that the polymorphic transformation of α-DySi₂↔β-DySi₂ does not occur in the range of 573 K (300 °C) to 1323 K (1050 °C). DySi₂ phase exists as α-DySi₂ within the temperature range. β-DySi₂ is a metastable phase that exists in higher temperatures.     

Evolution of structure,stability, and nonlinear optical properties of the heterodinuclear CNLin (n = 1–10) clusters

The lowest-energy structures and stabilities of the heterodinuclear clusters, CNLi_n (n = 1–10) and relevant CNLi_n⁺ (n = 1–10) cations, are studied using the density functional theory with the 6-311 + G(3df) basis set. The CNLi₆ and CNLi₅⁺ clusters are the first three-dimensional ones in the CNLi_n^0/+ series, respectively, and the CN group always caps the Li_n^0/+ moiety in the CNLi_n^0/+ (n = 1–9) configurations. The CN triple bond is found to be completely cleaved in the CNLi₁₀^0/+ clusters where the C and N atoms are bridged by two Li atoms. The CNLi_n (n = 2–10) clusters are hyperlithiated molecules with delocalized valence electrons and consequently possess low VIP values of 3.780–5.674 eV. Especially, the CNLi₈ and CNLi₁₀ molecules exhibit lower VIPs than that of Cs atom and can be regarded as heterobinuclear superalkali species. Furthermore, these two superalkali clusters show extraordinarily large first hyperpolarizabilities of 19,423 and 42,658 au, respectively. For the CNLi_n⁺ cationic species, the evolution of the energetic and electronic properties with the cluster size shows a special stability for CNLi₂⁺.     

A 0.6 V 117 nW high performance energy efficient system-on-chip (SoC) CMOS temperature sensor in 0.18 µm CMOS for aerospace applications

This research article presents and describes a novel design with improved performance low power consumption threshold voltage based CMOS thermal sensor for aerospace applications. The proposed temperature sensor utilizes the change in behavior of threshold voltage of MOSFET with variation in temperature. The challenge while designing the temperature sensor was to achieve the linearize output voltage with respect to change in temperature. Process corner analysis has been done to check the robustness of the circuit while performance analysis and sensitivity of the temperature sensor have been verified in the occurrence of parasitic. The proposed temperature sensor is featured with low power consumption, less power supply voltage utilization, high performance and sensitivity with inaccuracy as low as possible. The presented temperature sensor utilizes an active area of 18 µm × 9.85 µm with 117 nW power consumption. An improved linear performance with an inaccuracy of merely − 0.01 to + 0.47 °C over a wide temperature range of − 20 to + 120 °C is presented here. The sensitivity of proposed temperature sensor is found to be as high as 0.77 mV/°C. The proposed temperature sensor is realized and tested in Cadence virtuoso mixed signal design atmosphere using 0.18 µm CMOS technology and further investigated with support of tool from Mentor graphics. The engaged area of pad-limited chip is measured to be 0.96 mm².

     

Liquid–liquid equilibrium of potassium/sodium carbonate + 2-propanol/ethanol + water aqueous two-phase systems and correlation at 298.15 K

Binodal data for 2-propanol + potassium/sodium carbonate + water systems and ethanol + sodium carbonate + water system were experimentally determined at 298.15 K, and the phase diagram was plotted. Three empirical equations were used to correlate binodal data. Base on the proposed equation with highest accuracy and lever rule, the phase equilibrium compositions for 2-propanol + potassium/sodium carbonate + water system were directly calculated by MATLAB. The Othmer–Tobias equation and the Bancroft equation were used to correlate tie-line data. The results indicate that the calculation method and corresponding tie-line data are reliable. The effect of salts on phase-separation was discussed. Salting-out coefficient and effective excluded volume of potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate in 2-propanol–water component solvent were calculated to evaluate the salting-out ability of salts. An effective excluded volume of sodium carbonate in ethanol/2-propanol–water component solvents was used to evaluate the phase-separation ability of investigated alcohols. Based on the experimental and calculated results, it can be concluded that sodium carbonate shows a higher salting-out ability than potassium carbonate and 2-propanol is easier to be excluded to the alcohol-rich phase than ethanol.     

Identifying plant species using mid-wave infrared (2.5–6 μm) and thermal infrared (8–14 μm) emissivity spectra

Plant species discrimination using remote sensing is generally limited by the similarity of their reflectance spectra in the visible, NIR and SWIR domains. Laboratory measured emissivity spectra in the mid infrared (MIR; 2.5 μm–6 μm) and the thermal infrared (TIR; 8 μm–14 μm) domain of different plant species, however, reveal significant differences. It is anticipated that with the advances in airborne and space borne hyperspectral thermal sensors, differentiation between plant species may improve. The laboratory emissivity spectra of thirteen common broad leaved species, comprising 3024 spectral bands in the MIR and TIR, were analyzed. For each wavelength the differences between the species were tested for significance using the one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the post-hoc Tukey HSD test. The emissivity spectra of the analyzed species were found to be statistically different at various wavebands. Subsequently, six spectral bands were selected (based on the histogram of separable pairs of species for each waveband) to quantify the separability between each species pair based on the Jefferies Matusita (JM) distance. Out of 78 combinations, 76 pairs had a significantly different JM distance. This means that careful selection of hyperspectral bands in the MIR and TIR (2.5 μm–14 μm) results in reliable species discrimination.     

Phase relationship in the system MgO-V2O3 between 1661 and 1873 K at PO2=(3.55±0.2)×10-6 and (3.55±0.3)×10-5 Pa

The composition ranges of the phases in the pseudo binary system MgO-V₂O₃ were studied between 1661 and 1873 K and at controlled oxygen partial pressures of (3.55 ± 0.2) × 10^-6 and (3.55 ± 0.3) × 10^-5 Pa. The phase relationship was determined by equilibrating MgO-V₂O₃ pellets in a CO-CO₂ mixture followed by quenching and electron-probe microanalysis. To ensure sufficient quenching, a new setup was designed and developed, so that the equilibrated samples can be quenched in oil directly under the same atmosphere inside the experimental setup. Three different phases were found in the samples, namely MgO, MgO-V₂O₃ spinel and V₂O₃. The phase boundaries were determined with good reproducibility. The solubility of V₂O₃ in the MgO phase increased with temperature and was significantly higher than literature data. The spinel as well as the V₂O₃ composition range were found to change only a little with temperature in the investigated temperature range. Decreased oxygen potential led to a slight increase of the V₂O₃ content in the spinel phase and V₂O₃ phase. Furthermore, decreased oxygen potential resulted in a significant increase of the solubility of V₂O₃ in the MgO phase at the higher temperatures, especially at 1873 K.     

A CMOS temperature sensor and auto-zeroing circuit with inaccuracy of −1/+0.7 °C between −30 to 150 °C

An energy efficient complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) temperature sensor and signal conditioning circuit with auto zeroing technique has been enunciated in this paper. In the present study, a novel CMOS temperature sensor based on sub-threshold MOS operation has been presented, which is designed for Aerospace applications. The proposed sensor does not use bipolar junction transistor (BJT) for sensing; instead it utilizes the temperature dependency of the threshold voltage of MOSFET. The proposed temperature sensor is designed to sense −30 to 150 °C and its sensitivity is 1.4 mV/°C while the power consumption is 60 nW. The accuracy of sensor is mainly limited by offset and flicker noise (1/f) noise, which is cancel by the autozeroing circuit with the help of switch capacitor circuit. The sensor circuit is designed with biasing sub circuit for controlling the curvature correction. The proposed temperature sensor and signal conditioning are simulated in a Cadence Analog Design Environment with UMC90 nm library. The simulation result shows an inaccuracy of −1/+0.7 °C.

     

Progress in context-aware recommender systems — An overview

Recommender Systems are the set of tools and techniques to provide useful recommendations and suggestions to the users to help them in the decision-making process for choosing the right products or services. The recommender systems tailored to leverage contextual information (such as location, time, companion or such) in the recommendation process are called context-aware recommender systems. This paper presents a review on the continual development of context-aware recommender systems by analyzing different kinds of contexts without limiting to any specific application domain. First, an in-depth analysis is conducted on different recommendation algorithms used in context-aware recommender systems. Then this information is used to find out that how these techniques deals with the curse of dimensionality, which is an inherent issue in such systems. Since contexts are primarily based on users’ activity patterns that leads to the development of personalized recommendation services for the users. Thus, this paper also presents a review on how this contextual information is represented (either explicitly or implicitly) in the recommendation process. We also presented a list of datasets and evaluation metrics used in the setting of CARS. We tried to highlight that how algorithmic approaches used in CARS differ from those of conventional RS. In that, we presented what modification or additions are being applied on the top of conventional recommendation approaches to produce context-aware recommendations. Finally, the outstanding challenges and research opportunities are presented in front of the research community for analysis     

Linear σ-hole⋯CO⋯σ-hole intermolecular interactions between carbon monoxide and dihalogen molecules XY (X,Y = Cl,Br)

Carbon monoxide can interact with two dihalogen molecules XY (X, Y = Cl, Br) in the form of X(Y)⋯COX(Y)⋯CO⋯X(Y)X(Y) trimeric complex, and their nature and characteristics were investigated at MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level without and with counterpoise method, together with single point calculations at CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ level. The optimized geometries, stretching modes and interaction energies of a series of X(Y)⋯COX(Y)⋯CO⋯X(Y)X(Y) trimeric complexes were obtained and discussed. The cooperativity in these complexes was evaluated. EDA analyses reveal that the electrostatic interaction is the dominant net driving force in each trimer, but the contributions of other interactions like exchange, dispersion and polarization interactions are also important. QTAIM and NCI analyses confirm the existence of attractive halogen-bonding interactions. Additionally, EDDMF analysis was employed for the component dimers of these trimers, which indicates that the formation of halogen-bonding interactions is closely related to the charge shift and the rearrangement of electronic density in the formation of these complexes. The results would provide valuable insight into for these linear halogen bonds.     

LCV模型在医学图像分割中的应用

针对C-V模型不能充分利用图像局部区域灰度变化信息从而导致难以准确分割灰度不均物体等缺陷,提出一种基于局部区域的C-V(LCV)模型。利用计算局部窗函数内的加权灰度均值来取代全局均值,并加入约束水平集函数为符号距离函数的能量项,从而避免水平集函数的重新初始化。对医学图像的分割结果证明LCV模型在分割灰度不均物体方面优于C-V模型,其分割效率高于LBF模型。     

Surge arresters’ circuit models review and their application to a Hellenic 150 kV transmission line

Metal oxide surge arresters are used to protect medium and high voltage systems and equipment against lightning and switching overvoltages. Measurements of the residual voltage of the metal oxide surge arresters indicate dynamic characteristics with the residual voltage to increase as the current front time descends and the residual voltage to reach its maximum, before the arrester current reaches its peak. Thus, the metal oxide surge arresters cannot be modeled by only a non-linear resistance, since its response depends on the magnitude and the rate of rise of the surge pulse. Several frequent dependent models have been proposed, in order to simulate this dynamic frequency-dependent behavior. This study constitutes a review of the most important models, which are tested using PSCAD. The residual voltage of each model, implying 5 kA, 10 kA and 20 kA 8/20 μs impulse current, is compared with the manufacturers’ datasheet. The models are also used to study the lightning performance of a Hellenic 150 kV transmission line with the arresters implemented on every one, two or three towers, calculating their failure probability. The results show that all models function with a satisfactory accuracy and the differences among the models arise in the difficulties of the parameters’ estimation.     

Area-Delay-Energy aware SRAM memory cell and M × N parallel read/write memory array design for quantum dot cellular automata

Quantum dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is an emerging nanotechnology, potentially suitable to replace the popular technologies like Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The evolution of QCA has become prominent due to high operating frequency, nanoscale device and zero current low power nanotechnology. However, the Area-Delay-Energy aware QCA logic circuit design remains a prime concern in this post CMOS technology. In this work the primary attention is given to build efficient QCA circuits. The motivation of this work is to propose Efficient VLSI design in terms of Area, Delay, Power and PDP (Power delay product). Different methodologies are reported to design a combinational and sequential circuit in QCA technology. An extensive focus is given in designing of 3 different QCA based Area-Delay-Energy aware SRAM memory cells, parallel read/write M × N SRAM memory array and peripherals like decoder and multiplexer. Since appropriate signal distribution network (SDN) is an essential aspect to deign QCA circuit, it has also been reported a delay aware signal distribution methodology applicable for any type of QCA logic circuit design. The significant results of this research finding are expressed in terms of Area-Delay-Energy dissipation tradeoff. When compared with respective to the state of art, the performance metric of proposed QCA based memory cells are excelled, on an average 40% reduction in area, 33% and 22% drop in delay and energy dissipation respectively are achieved for proposed three different memory cell design.     

A Parallel Implementation of Buchberger's Algorithm overZpforp ≤ 31991

Gröbner bases of ideals of polynomials are known to have many applications. They have been applied to problems in commutative algebra, statistics, graph theory, robotics and differential equations. Their use as a research tool, however, is limited by their computational complexity. These two facts have inspired numerous attempts to parallelize Buchberger's algorithm to compute them.In this paper, we describe a parallel implementation developed on the Cray T3D using the extensions to C provided by ac. The program is based on the publicly available package Macaulay which computes Gröbner bases of homogeneous ideals overZ_pfor primesp ≤  31991. The efficiency is nearly 100% on up to 16 processors for moderately sized problems. Above 16 processors, the efficiency drops.