退火对Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe-Si新锆合金薄板带材组织性能的影响

针对锆合金带材冲压成形时易破裂的问题，研究了再结晶退火对Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe-Si新锆合金薄板带材组织性能的影响。结果表明，随着退火温度的升高，新锆合金薄板带材的最大减薄率减小;第二相颗粒弥散分布于新锆合金晶粒内部及晶界，其形貌基本为球状，尺寸较大第二相为Zr(NbFe)₂，较小为β-Nb;新锆合金带材具有■两类织构，其中■取向的晶粒与形变基体的取向差为30°/<0001>。随着再结晶退火温度的升高，第二相颗粒产生的钉扎作用不能阻碍锆合金重合点阵∑13晶界的快速迁移，导致■取向的再结晶晶粒择优长大，吞并形变基体，小角度晶界占比降低，大角度晶界占比升高，造成再结晶织构由■转变为■，改善晶粒变形的均匀性，提高带材冲压时塑性变形的均匀程度，因此再结晶退火有利于改善新锆合金薄板带材的冲压成形性能。     

变形-热处理流程对6082铝合金组织的影响

为了探明不同变形和热处理流程对6082铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响规律,开展了6082铝合金的常规成形、退火-成形以及固溶-成形3种实验,并对微观组织和力学性能进行了表征。结果表明,退火和固溶处理可以减少挤压态试样中小角度晶界的比例,并有效地弱化其单一的强S织构。在400℃/0.1 s~(-1)变形时,退火-成形和固溶-成形工艺可以有效避免常规成形出现异常晶粒长大的现象;在500℃/0.1 s~(-1)变形时,退火-成形和固溶-成形工艺下试样的平均晶粒尺寸比常规成形试样的平均晶粒尺寸有所增加。工艺实验结果表明,采用固溶-成形工艺,6082铝合金锻件的抗拉强度可达到276.0 MPa,略低于常规成形锻件的283.6 MPa,但可以显著减少锻件粗晶,为高质量6082铝合金锻件的生产提供了一种新的路线。     

退火温度对新型锆合金薄板带材析出相和织构的影响

采用扫描电镜和超高分辨透射电镜,对具有良好冲制性能的新型锆合金薄板成品带材进行含晶粒、第二相粒子等在内的显微组织研究,并探索真空退火处理条件下温度对带材显微组织的影响。结果显示:新型锆合金薄板成品带材晶粒平均尺寸2.17 μm,存在{0001}<1010>和{0001}<1120>两种织构,大部分晶粒<1120>平行带材RD方向,较少晶粒<1010>平行带材RD方向;第二相粒子分布在晶粒内部及晶界,平均尺寸114 nm,尺寸较大的为不规则椭圆形的Zr-Nb-Fe相,尺寸较小的为圆形的β-Nb相;热处理退火温度降低,带材晶粒尺寸减小,第二相粒子细小弥散分布;新型锆合金薄板成品带材良好冲制性能主要源于轧制积累应变诱发再结晶过程进行充分,导致晶粒细小及孪晶发生破碎;相对轧制变形,退火对带材冲制性能影响不显著。     

形变退火后铁素体不锈钢的晶界组成及腐蚀特性

采用电子背散射和SEM技术研究了经85％冷轧的铁索体不锈钢在1000℃退火过程中晶粒组织、取向织构和晶界取向差的变化规律以及晶界的腐蚀特性.结果表明,退火初期晶粒长大不显著;当退火时间达到2h时,晶粒长大,平均晶粒尺寸达到65 μm,同时晶粒的{100} 织构明显增强,由此导致的小角度晶界比例提高.晶界腐蚀实验表明,小角度晶界具有较高的晶界腐蚀抗力.     

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 研究了冷轧00Crl2Ti汽车用铁素体不锈钢的试验钢板的再结晶晶粒显微织构、晶界角度分布和晶粒尺寸及其与力学性能的关系,采用两种不同保温时间的工艺退火试制出退火样,将退火样品首先经线切割、研磨和抛光制备成金相试样,然后,在光学显微镜观察两种退火工艺下的晶粒大小;同时采取EBSD技术扫描获取晶粒取向与亚结构分布图。试验结果表明：两种退火工艺钢板再结晶晶粒的显微织构、晶界角度分布和晶粒尺寸上存在着差异,这种差异印证出两种退火工艺钢板力学性能的差别。此外,利用EBSD还对两种退火工艺的再结晶程度作了分析。     

铜合金表面织构冷压成形实验研究

研究了一种高效低成本的表面织构加工方法——表面织构冷压成形工艺,并验证了其制备功能性表面织构的可行性.将铜合金在不同温度下退火制备不同晶粒尺寸的试样,通过自行开发的表面织构冷压成形系统,对铜合金进行圆形凹坑表面织构冷压成形实验.使用超景深三维显微镜对织构形貌进行分析,并研究了不同载荷、晶粒尺寸对单点表面织构冷压成形结果...     

再结晶退火工艺对Ni5W合金长带织构的影响

采用中频感应熔炼方法制备Ni-5at%W合金锭,经锻造和热轧后,再冷轧到50 m长,厚度为60 μm的带材。随后在800~1200 ℃进行再结晶退火处理。在兼顾“高织构”和“浅晶界”要求下,得出1100 ℃/0.5 h是Ni5W合金基带最佳的退火工艺。根据X射线衍射(XRD)和电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)结果,在1100 ℃/0.5 h时该Ni5W合金基带的再结晶立方织构含量达到98.9%(≤10°),且晶粒尺寸均匀。退火后的Ni5W合金基带扫描半高宽(FWHM)值和孪晶界含量接近德国Dresden公司商业化Ni5W合金基带的水平     

银铜箔轧制用银铜板的退火组织与性能

采用光学显微镜、电子背散射衍射技术、维氏硬度计和电化学工作站等研究了轧制银铜板在退火过程中的组织、织构演变规律及其对维氏硬度、耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:轧制银铜板退火时,晶粒形态由轧态的长条状演变为等轴晶组织,且平均晶粒尺寸增大,织构类型由铜型织构、黄铜型织构、S织构和R织构等形变织构演变为立方织构和{025}<001>等退火织构;随退火温度的升高,银铜板维氏硬度减小,银铜板小角度晶界含量降低,∑3晶界含量升高,耐腐蚀性能先减弱后增强。银铜板在300 ℃保温10 min时,立方织构含量最多,硬度为60 HV0.3,耐腐蚀性能较好。     

退火时间对双向温轧中碳马氏体钢组织演变的影响

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)研究了退火时间对双向温轧中碳马氏体钢组织演变的影响规律。结果表明,轧前回火马氏体分解成铁素体和渗碳体颗粒,轧制过程中铁素体发生动态回复和动态再结晶,获得了在铁素体基体上渗碳体颗粒弥散分布的复相组织。轧后铁素体晶粒尺寸为3.14μm,小角度晶界约占49.3%,650℃退火保温1 h,铁素体发生再结晶,平均晶粒尺寸为2.87μm,小角度晶界所占比例减小到46.5%。随着退火时间的延长,平均铁素体晶粒尺寸增加,小角度晶界所占比例逐渐减小。     

不同初始状态中碳钢双向温轧组织的退火稳定性

通过扫描电镜(SEM)和电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)研究了不同初始组织对中碳钢双向温轧退火后的组织演变以及稳定性变化的影响规律。结果表明,轧后铁素体-珠光体钢的平均晶粒尺寸为1.11μm,小角度晶界占比81%;而马氏体钢平均晶粒尺寸为0.99μm,小角度晶界占比65.3%。随退火时间的延长,铁素体晶粒发生回复再结晶后,铁素体-珠光体钢发生二次再结晶,平均晶粒尺寸不断增大,小角度晶界占比逐渐减小最终趋于平稳,退火8 h后分别为1.89μm和54.9%;而马氏体钢仅发生晶粒的均匀长大,晶粒尺寸稍有增加,小角度晶界比例降低较少,保温8 h后分别为1.43μm和58.1%。因此,马氏体钢轧后显微组织的退火稳定性要高于铁素体-珠光体钢。     

轧制工艺对N36锆合金带材微观结构的影响

利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)等方法,对不同轧制工艺制备的N36锆合金带材中的第二相、晶粒尺寸和微观织构进行了研究。结果表明,锆合金带材中织构主要以{0001}$\bar{1}2\bar{1}0$和{0001}$01\bar{1}0$两类基面织构为主,第二相粒子主要为HCP型Zr(Nb, Fe)₂粒子。在热轧总变形量一致的情况下,热轧工艺道次变形量的变化对最终带材的晶粒尺寸和微观织构影响不大,但是对第二相粒子的尺寸有很大影响。热轧过程第一道次变形量越大,最终带材中第二相粒子尺寸越小。在热轧过程中,换向轧制会影响最终带材的织构组成,也会促进锆晶粒的[0001]轴平行于带材的ND方向;同时在带材的轧面(RD-TD 面)上,晶粒的取向性减弱,晶粒取向更加随机。终轧过程中的变形量增大,会使最终带材的晶粒尺寸减小,再结晶程度提高,使得最终带材中{0001}$\bar{1}2\bar{1}0$织构增强,而{0001}$01\bar{1}0$织构减弱。     

Effect of heavy cryo-rolling on the evolution of microstructure and texture during annealing of equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy

The effect of cryo-rolling on the evolution of microstructure and texture during annealing was investigated in equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy. For this purpose the alloy was cold- and cryo-rolled to 90% reduction in thickness followed by annealing at temperatures ranging from 700 °C to 1200 °C. The two alloys showed the development of predominantly brass type deformation texture consistent with profuse nano-twin formation reported in this alloy. The cryo-rolled material showed significantly finer grain size after different annealing treatments as compared to the cold-rolled alloy. This could be attributed to finer microstructure in the cryo-rolled material providing greater number of available sites for nucleation. The recrystallization texture of cold- and cryo-rolled materials showed the presence of similar texture components indicating that cryo-rolling had limited effect on the formation of annealing texture. The volume fractions of different texture components did not reveal significant dependence on the annealing temperature. The evolution of texture could be explained on the basis of absence of strong preferential nucleation and growth during annealing.     

Observations on the effect of a magnetic field on the annealing texture and microstructure evolution in zirconium

The effect of a magnetic field on the development of texture and microstructure in cold-rolled (80%) commercially pure zirconium (Zr701) was investigated. The specifically oriented sheet specimens were annealed at 550 °C for 15, 30 and 45 min and at 700 °C for 60, 90 and 180 min in a magnetic field of 19 T and 17 T, respectively. X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction measurements were used to characterize the crystallographic texture and the grain microstructure. The results revealed that the magnetic annealing promotes grain growth in the investigated material. This becomes apparent from the faster development of specific “grain growth” texture components and the bigger mean grain size after magnetic annealing. Magnetic annealing at 700 °C resulted in asymmetry of the two major texture components that constantly increased with annealing time. This effect is attributed to a magnetic driving force for grain growth arising from the anisotropic magnetic susceptibility of zirconium.     

AZ31镁合金薄板经不同累积应变的连续弯曲变形后的显微组织与成形性能

对AZ31镁合金板材进行不同累积应变的连续弯曲变形及退火处理,随后对显微组织与力学性能的变化进行了研究。结果表明:经不同累积应变的连续弯曲变形后,镁合金板材的显微组织中没有发现孪晶,退火后,板材表层的晶粒异常长大,粗晶层的厚度随着累积应变的增加而增加,并且镁合金板材的织构朝RD方向偏转,偏转角度随累积应变的增加而增大;与原始板材相比,连续弯曲变形及退火处理使镁合金板材呈现出较好的室温成形性能(杯突值由2.3 mm提高到4.9 mm,提高了~113%),这主要归因于基面织构的改善使镁合金板材的r值减小与n值增大。     

Correlation between interfacial segregation and surface-energy-induced selective grain growth in 3% silicon–iron alloy

Effects of final reduction and interfacial segregation of sulfur on surface-energy-induced selective grain growth have been investigated in 3% silicon–iron alloy strips with various bulk content of sulfur. Interfacial segregation kinetics of sulfur varies with annealing atmosphere: a convex profile under vacuum or hydrogen and a gradual increase under argon. This is because the segregated sulfur evaporates or gasifies to hydrogen sulfide during final vacuum or hydrogen annealing, resulting in a sulfur-depleted zone just below the strip surface. The surface-energy-induced selective growth of a grain at time t is determined by the concentration of segregated sulfur. The selective growth rate depends on the combined effect of the segregated sulfur and the final reduction that determines the average grain size. For obtaining (110)[001] Goss texture, the final reduction should, therefore, be controlled, depending on the bulk content of sulfur which influences directly the segregation kinetics of sulfur and thus the texture development.     

Preparation of AZ31 magnesium alloy strips using vertical twin-roll caster

A newly developed technology for manufacturing magnesium alloy strip,vertical twin-roll strip casting,has been described.This manufacturing process is easy to be facilitated in an economical way to manufacture wrought magnesium alloy strips. As an example,AZ31 magnesium alloy was used to investigate the appropriate manufacturing conditions for vertical twin-roll strip casting by varying the temperatures of the molten materials and rolling speeds.The effects of manufacturing conditions on forming quality were clarified in terms of roll speeds and casting temperature.In addition,microscopic observation and X-ray diffraction of the as-cast strips were performed.It has been determined that AZ31 alloy strip of 1-3 mm in thickness can be produced at a speed of 30 m/min by a vertical twin-roll caster.The microstructure of as-cast strip only containsα-phase(Mg)and no other phase,and the twin-roll casting process can effectively refine the grain size.The fine equiaxed grain of as-cast strips is beneficial to the plastic deformation of the strips,and it is also suitable for direct cold-rolling with a maximum cold-rolling reduction of 40%.     

Recrystallization and Grain Growth in Iodide Zirconium

A systematic investigation has been made of the plastic deformation, recrystallization, and grain growth characteristics of swaged crystal bar zirconium. It was observed that zirconium can be cold worked and annealed for fabrication processes without difficulty, but that severe reductions produce a well defined fiber texture which is not removed by recrystallization. Deformation and growth processes affecting the microstructure are discussed in detail. The activation energy for recrystallization was found to vary with the degree of deformation, while a unique activation energy for grain growth was not obtained. Abnormal grain coarsening was observed after annealing severely worked material at 750°C.     

Microstructure formation mechanism and properties of a Mg-3Sn-1Mn (wt%) magnesium alloy processed by a novel semisolid continuous shearing and rolling process

A novel semisolid Continuous Shearing and Rolling (CSR) process for producing a Mg-3Sn-1Mn (wt%) alloy strip is developed, and the microstructure formation mechanism and properties of the Mg-3Sn-1Mn (wt%) alloy processed by this process are investigated. At a casting temperature of 690°C and a roll speed of 0.052 m·s^?1, a Mg-3Sn-1Mn (wt%) alloy strip with a cross section size of 4×160 mm was produced by the proposed process. Under strong cooling and shearing actions, eruptive nucleation, direct globular grain growth and dendrite arm breakage took place during the process, which caused formations of fine spherical grains. The grain size and roundness of the Mg-3Sn-1Mn (wt%) alloy strip increased with increasing increments of the casting temperature. In this perspective, roll speed obviously affects grain shape. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the Mg-3Sn-1Mn (wt%) alloy strip reached 205.93 MPa and 7.2%.     

再结晶退火4J6合金薄带的微观组织特征

对变形量为40%,厚度为1.8mm的冷轧4J6合金薄带施以不同温度相同保温时间的退火处理,采用金相组织观察,电子背散射衍射(EBSD)实验手段,研究了不同温度退火条件下,冷轧4J6合金薄带的显微组织和主要织构的演变规律以及晶界的取向差分布特征。结果表明,随着退火温度的增加,小角晶界的取向差逐渐减小,晶界的取向差主要分布在55°～60°之间;高斯织构及黄铜织构所占比例逐渐减小,<110>//RD织构逐渐增加。