模块化混合储能系统及其能量管理策略

针对孤岛直流微网功率缺额补偿和多类型储能介质、多组储能单元间的功率分配问题,设计了一种"储能单元-混合储能模块-混合储能系统"的模块化系统集成架构,并提出相应的全局优化与局部分配相结合的双层能量管理策略。上层优化根据直流母线电压越限情况,快速计算微网的功率缺额;进而考虑各储能模块的最大可支持功率和剩余容量,借助"能者多劳"的原则,寻求运行经济性最佳的模块间功率分配方案。下层分配根据各模块内储能单元的荷电状态分区组合,动态决策储能单元的运行优先级,将上层结果在各单元间进一步细分。算例结果表明,所提策略能够在保证直流微网稳定运行的同时,兼顾储能系统的运行经济性。     

Advancing the state of energy equity metrics

Multiple stakeholders—ranging from regulators and developers to customer and community advocates—have roles to play in the transition to an equitable energy system. Metrics are an emerging area of importance for the operationalization of energy equity as they may guide investment and policy decisions that shape the energy system along this transition. This paper aims to advance energy equity metrics for use in regulation, planning, and operations of the electricity system within the United States. Metrics were surveyed from the literature and distilled to a set that identifies which stakeholders may be associated with which metrics. Established tenets of energy justice—distributive, procedural, recognition, restorative—were also identified for each metric, providing a link between energy equity in study and in practice. This means of organization is intended to enable discussion and collaboration among stakeholders, as the objectives embodied in energy equity metrics are often beyond the control of individual stakeholders. Further stakeholder discussion is necessary to determine which metrics are practicable, who will use them, and how they will be used to support energy equity.     

微电网储能电源的选择及混合应用

储能技术是微电网的重要组成部分,结合我国实际情况阐述了储能技术在微电网中的作用及常用的储能技术原理、应用前景.讨论了适用于微网的储能方式、超级电容器与铅酸蓄电池、锂蓄电池混合应用.随着储能技术朝储能方式混合化、环境友好方向发展,微电网与混合储能技术的有机结合将大大提高系统的能源利用率和经济性,提高系统效率及稳定性.     

储能技术在分布式发电中的应用

简要介绍了分布式发电的发展现状,分析了储能技术在分布式发电中的作用。重点介绍了飞轮储能、超导储能、蓄电池储能和超级电容器储能在其中的应用,分析了各种蓄能系统的优缺点和发展前景。     

Design optimization of hydraulic energy storage and conversion system for wave energy converters

Wave energy collected by the power take-off system of a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) is highly fluctuating due to the wave characteristics. Therefore, an energy storage system is generally needed to absorb the energy fluctuation to provide a smooth electrical energy generation. This paper focuses on the design optimization of a Hydraulic Energy Storage and Conversion (HESC) system for WECs. The structure of the HESC system and the mathematical models of its key components are presented. A case study and design example of a HESC system with appropriate control strategy is provided. The determination of the ratings of the HESC system is also investigated in order to achieve optimal system energy efficiency.     

考虑电动汽车移动储能的微电网调度

将电动汽车电池集成到微电网可以为微电网提供额外的电能存储,其收益取决于市场电力价格、电动汽车充电状态和进站/出站率等因素.假设微电网由热力机组、可再生能源和含储能设施的停车场组成.文章提出了一种考虑电动汽车移动储能特性的能源管理优化模型,模型的目标函数是最小化预期的总运营成本,包括前期市场的能源购销成本、热力机组的启停...     

新能源分布式发电系统储能电池综述

风、光等新能源分布式发电受天气和气候的影响出现间隙性和随机性等使得发电的不稳定缺点正成为阻碍其深度发展的重要障碍。储能技术的发展和应用,打破了风电、光伏发电等的接入和消纳瓶颈问题。介绍了应用于储能系统的主要化学储能电池:铅酸电池、液流电池、钠硫电池和锂电池的技术发展、组成结构和储能原理,详细对比了各种电池的性能及特点,特别对能量密度、功率密度和功率等级进行介绍,这是储能系统电池元件选择的关键,最后对储能电池的应用和发展作了展望。     

孤岛微电网储能单元视在功率均分方案

当孤岛微电网中的分布式储能单元(Distributed Energy Storage Units,DESU)采用传统下垂控制时,会存在功率不均分问题,造成系统之间存在环流,严重时会造成DESU的损坏。针对这个问题,文中提出一种改进型下垂控制。该方案通过平移下垂特性曲线实现了视在功率的均分,并且该方案不需要中央控制器或者通讯线,降低了系统的建设成本。最后,不同工况下的仿真和实验结果验证了所提方案的有效性。     

电力储能技术进展与挑战

电能存储技术是实现需求侧能量高效管理、有效提高可再生能源入网的关键技术。介绍了面向电力储能应用的抽水储能、压缩空气储能和飞轮储能等物理储能技术的发展现状和亟待解决的问题,重点阐述了具有广阔应用前景的电化学储能技术,包括锂离子电池、铅炭电池、液流电池、钠硫电池(ZEBRA电池)和液态金属电池等的工作原理、技术优势及其在电网中的应用和挑战,为电力储能技术的发展提供参考。     

储能技术在电力系统中的应用

储能技术在电力系统中具有削峰填谷、一次调频、提高电网稳定性、改善电能质量、提高电网利用率、提高可再生能源利用率等重要作用.对此,介绍了中国电力系统建设对储能技术的迫切要求,并阐述了电池储能、电磁储能和机械储能等储能技术的发展现状.对电池储能、超级电容器与蓄电池混合储能和飞轮储能在电网中的应用分别作了说明,最后展望了储能技术未来的发展方向.     

Operational optimization of a building-level integrated energy system considering additional potential benefits of energy storage

As a key component of an integrated energy system (IES), energy storage can effectively alleviate the problem of the times between energy production and consumption. Exploiting the benefits of energy storage can improve the competitiveness of multi-energy systems. This paper proposes a method for day-ahead operation optimization of a building-level integrated energy system (BIES) considering additional potential benefits of energy storage. Based on the characteristics of peak-shaving and valley-filling of energy storage, and further consideration of the changes in the system’s load and real-time electricity price, a model of additional potential benefits of energy storage is developed. Aiming at the lowest total operating cost, a bi-level optimal operational model for day-ahead operation of BIES is developed. A case analysis of different dispatch strategies verifies that the addition of the proposed battery scheduling strategy improves economic operation. The results demonstrate that the model can exploit energy storage’s potential, further optimize the power output of BIES and reduce the economic cost.     

适用于抑制电压闪变的储能技术比较

大部分用于改善和提高电能质量的补偿装置都具有抑制电压闪变的功能,但都有一定的局限性.储能技术可以弥补各种补偿装置的局限性,抑制过低电压造成的闪变。通过对各种储能技术的分析,得出飞轮储能及超级电容器是最适合用于抑制电压闪变的储能技术。     

液流储能电池电化学体系的进展

介绍了液流储能电池电化学体系的分类、特点、要求及发展方向.液流储能电化学体系可分为液相和沉积型.液相体系研究更多,较成功的有多硫化钠/溴和全钒体系,且全钒液流电池已开始商业化示范运行.沉积型体系因单液性、无膜或只需普通隔膜的特点,成为液流储能电池的发展方向.     

储能电站综合效益评价体系设计研究

储能是智能电网中不可或缺的关键部分。储能电站及整个储能体系的优化规划和运行,需要对储能进行更深入量化的综合效益分析与评估,而分析和评估的基础在于清晰完整的储能综合效益体系。在深入分析国内外相关研究成果的基础上,形成了一个清晰全面的多维度的储能功能作用与效益综合体系。基于该体系,可实现储能效益的量化评估,为储能的部署和运行提供科学依据。     

Developing a legal framework for energy storage technologies in the U.S: The case of pumped underground storage hydro

The Energy Act of 2020 authorizes $1 billion over five years from 2021 to 2025 to support energy storage development in the United States. In addition, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Orders 841 and 2222 opened the wholesale energy markets for distributed energy resources, including energy storage. The statute and orders pave the way for novel energy storage technologies to participate in electricity markets as the qualifying facilities, thereby expanding opportunities for energy storage development. However, the existing policy, legal, and regulatory regime, including these much-welcomed newcomers, fails to recognize and support the entire spectrum of benefits that some forms of energy storage create. In this paper, we focus on Pumped Underground Storage Hydro (PUSH), a variant of pumped hydro storage (PHS), which currently provides over 90% of the world's energy storage capacity. PUSH operates with the same principle as PHS; however, it is an entirely underground variant of PHS. In addition to becoming competitive in the wholesale electricity market, PUSH facilities can be developed as community infrastructure in the postindustrial landscape, particularly in abandoned underground mines. Given federal energy law and policy development, this paper identifies how communities with abandoned mines, technically feasible for PUSH facilities and operating as municipal-owned utilities or cooperatives, can participate and take advantage of federal legislation. We further look into the implications through the lens of technical, economic, and social aspects of energy justice. We consider energy justice as a conceptual framework that seeks to explain the occurrence of injustice within energy system decisions and outcomes and how policymakers can respond to these injustices. We use it as a conceptual tool for understanding policy formulation and detailing the energy system's missing ethical and justice dimension. We argue that as a technically mature technology, PUSH facilities can act as a potential means to speed up the energy transition in the United States. The federal and state law along with utility market structures are vital in shaping the potential opportunities and barriers for energy storage facilities like PUSH. We show that although it supports PUSH development, there are gaps in the current market structure, specifically in the regulatory framework, when seen through the lens of justice and valuation of just energy services. These gaps limit the realization of utility-scale energy storage technology's potential to fully contribute to a decarbonized energy system that is more resilient and more just than the incumbent system.     

Lacking energy storage,and nuclear contribution,wind, and solar photovoltaic electricity is expensive and scarce

Prices of electricity have skyrocketed phased with the uptake of non-dispatchable wind and solar photovoltaic energy supply, and the closure of combustion fuel plants able to produce electricity on demand. At the same time, blackouts have become more likely, with governments requesting citizens not to use electricity when they need to prevent their occurrence. If we were expecting cheap and abundant renewable energy, it seems something is not right. There are, however, solutions. These are the adoption of other energy sources, not only non-dispatchable wind and solar, but also dispatchable hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass renewable energy, and baseload nuclear energy, plus the development of energy storage, by batteries, pumped hydro, thermal energy storage, and more than that, by hydrogen, to generate enough dispatchable energy to cover the requirements of a growing world.     

Energy requirement for distributed energy resources with battery energy storage for voltage support in three-phase distribution lines

Integration of distributed energy resources (DER) into distribution systems is a new concept for improving system capacity and stability, feeder voltage, and supply quality and reliability. This paper has addressed voltage support in distribution systems by energy injection from a battery storage distributed energy system. An operation strategy for an inverter interface battery energy storage DER has been developed for maximum improvement in feeder voltage with minimum energy injection from the DER. A control strategy has been proposed for inverter based battery storage DER to regulate network voltage effectively, through operating the DER to generate real (P) and reactive (Q) power with Q priority. The implementation of the inverter interface DER with battery energy storage will save fuel cost of DER but be of much higher capital cost than using a rotary generator. The proposed technique has been evaluated by simulation on a three-phase distribution system with time varying loads. Test results indicate that DER operating with Q priority offers the best solution for maximum voltage improvement. The results also confirm that DER injecting P and Q at the ratio of maximum voltage sensitivity of line presents better solution for power loss reduction than the solution offered by the DER operating with Q priority.     

多硫化钠-溴储能电池组

用8节单电池组装了多硫化钠-溴储能电池组,每对电极活性面积144cm。分别采用聚丙烯腈碳毡和泡沫镍为电池正负极材料,Pt/C为正极电催化剂,铂担量为0.8mg/cm2,以Nafion-117膜为隔膜,石墨板为双极板,电池组流体分配管道采用内置Z形设计。电池组工作温度为室温至100℃。电池组各节单电池性能均一,电池在50%充电状态温度为348K时,输出功率为520W(总电压7.224V),即单电池平均输出功率密度达到0.45W/cm2。     

大规模储能系统发展现状及示范应用

随着储能技术的飞速发展,大规模储能系统已经成为保证电力系统可靠供电的一个重要手段。介绍了储能技术的类别及其在电力系统中的作用,并阐述了其在电力系统中的应用研究现状和目前的主要示范应用实例,论述了储能技术未来发展趋势。     

直流系统混合储能与蓄电池单独储能的对比

针对变电站和发电厂直流系统中铅酸蓄电池容量裕度高、输出功率易下降、可靠性低等问题,结合超级电容器比功率大的优点,使用两者组成了一种混合储能直流系统,改进现有的铅酸蓄电池单独储能系统。首先对比分析了超级电容器与铅酸蓄电池的技术参数;然后给出了混合储能直流系统的电路拓扑、工作原理和相关元件数学模型;最后,针对突加负载的工况,分别通过仿真计算和实验研究,对比分析了蓄电池单独储能与混合储能系统的性能。结果表明,混合储能系统能够有效提高直流系统输出功率,减小蓄电池配置容量裕度,增强系统可靠性,具有良好的工程应用价值。