冷轧变形量对Al-Mg-Si合金织构的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜分析了不同冷轧变形量对Al-Mg-Si合金显微组织和微观织构的影响。结果表明:随着变形量的增加,再结晶织构Cube{001}<100>会经由Goss{011}<100>逐渐演变为以Copper{112}<111>和S{123}<634>为主要取向的形变织构,而Goss{011}<100>的体积分数表现为先增大后减小的趋势;合金形变带织构主要由强度较高的Copper{112}<111>织构和强度较弱的Cube{001}<100>织构组成;当变形量小于20%时,晶粒主要取向为{001}、{012},变形量大于40%时,{011}、{112}、{123}成为主要的晶粒取向。     

Hi-B钢CSP热轧板的晶粒取向特征

借助金相显微镜和EBSD技术观察了紧凑式带钢(CSP)工艺生产的热轧Hi-B钢板的显微组织和晶粒取向分布情况,分析了晶粒取向的演变过程。结果表明:与传统厚板坯工艺生产的Hi-B钢相比,CSP工艺生产的Hi-B钢热轧组织更加细小均匀,在压下量不足的情况下可以在热轧板表层产生少量较为严格的取向Goss晶粒;CSP工艺生产的Hi-B钢热轧板织构强度比用传统厚板坯生产的热轧板织构强度高,表层以{110}面织构为主,同时含有少量Goss织构、黄铜织构和铜型织构等。较高取向度的Goss晶粒与黄铜晶粒和铜型晶粒相邻。中心层主要为轧制变形晶粒,织构组分聚集在α取向线上,其中{112}110织构组分强度最高。     

Cu-0.35Cr-0.15Zr合金板带的织构和性能研究

采用晶体取向分布函数(ODF)研究了不同形变热处理制度下Cu-0.35Cr-0.15Zr(质量分数,下同)合金板带织构的演变规律,对各取向的体积分数进行了分析和计算,检测了不同状态材料在0°,45°和90°方向上的力学和物理性能.研究结果表明:在该合金冷轧板中主要有以{113}<332>取向为主的Copper织构、Brass取向、S取向和Goss取向,且随着冷变量的增加.Copper取向逐渐向Brass取向转变:时效态的带材中织构较弱,以Brass取向为主,S取向次之,Copper取向最弱,没有发现Copper织构的{113}<332>取向;时效态试样经过冷变形后,带材中又出现了{113}<332>取向,并且体积分数达60%以上.当带材中主要为Copper织构时.在0°→90°方向上合金的抗拉强度和延伸率逐渐升高,导电率逐渐降低;当Copper取向和Brass取向体积分数相当时,在0°→90°方向上,合金强度、延伸率和导电率的差别较小.     

Fe-3%Si-0.09%Nb取向硅钢热轧和常化过程组织及织构的演变

采用OM、EBSD技术研究了Fe-3%Si-0.09%Nb取向硅钢热轧和常化过程中组织及织构的演变。结果表明,热轧板沿厚度方向组织不均匀,而沿轧制方向表层及中心层晶粒尺寸分布相对均匀,次表层不均匀;常化板不同厚度处各层晶粒均发生了再结晶,晶粒分布均匀,且均有所长大,沿厚度方向组织不均匀性明显。热轧板表层以Goss织构、黄铜织构和铜型织构为主,Goss织构沿厚度方向取向密度逐渐减弱。常化板继承了热轧板织构组分,但织构锋锐度有所降低。Goss织构在热轧板表层具有最大取向密度f(g)=6.8290,而常化板则在次表层,f(g)=4.0477。     

常化处理对薄规格取向硅钢织构的影响

利用EBSD和XRD技术对比分析了常化和不常化2种工艺对薄规格取向硅钢组织及织构的影响.结果表明,2种工艺条件下的初次再结晶和二次再结晶织构存在着明显的差异.经过常化处理的样品初次再结晶组织中{411}148和{111}112织构组分比不常化样品的低,但Goss织构组分比不常化样品的高;常化处理的样品二次再结晶织构多为锋锐的Goss织构,磁性能优异,而不常化处理的样品二次再结晶织构多为Brass织构和偏Goss织构.此外,经过常化处理样品的初次再结晶组织中Goss取向晶粒周围分布的20°~45°大角度晶界所占比例高于不常化处理样品.2种样品初次再结晶后的平均晶粒尺寸差别并不明显,均为20μm,而且整体晶粒尺寸分布也相近.常化处理对最终磁性能有决定性影响,主要体现在提高冷轧前Goss取向“种子”的比例以及优化再结晶组织中Goss取向晶粒周围的织构环境.     

CGO硅钢各阶段织构遗传继承性的EBSD分析

利用EBSD技术对CGO硅钢热轧、中间退火、脱碳退火及二次再结晶退火组织及织构进行分析,研究了CGO硅钢各阶段加工制备过程中高斯{110}001晶粒的形状、尺寸及分布特点,分析了高斯取向晶粒在各工序过程中的遗传继承性特点。结果表明,CGO硅钢热轧板的次表层存在Goss取向晶粒,历经一次冷轧及中间退火后Goss取向晶粒基本消失,一次再结晶之后Goss织构仍不是主要织构,主要织构为{111}110和{111}112,说明Goss取向晶粒在二次再结晶退火前数量及尺寸上并不占优势,二次再结晶过程中Goss取向晶粒异常长大形成锋锐Goss织构。{111}110和{111}112织构组分的强度在一次冷轧中不断增加,{111}112织构组分的强度在二次冷轧后达到最大而{111}110织构组分是在初次再结晶后变强。     

轧制方向对Fe-3％Si合金织构演变规律的影响

形成锋锐的Goss织构是取向硅钢获得优异磁性能的关键, 初始样品表层中较强的Goss织构对最终的强Goss织构起重要作用. 本文通过改变硅钢冷轧方向获得不同的初始织构及初始组织, 考察热轧板表层及中心层不同的组织及织构的进一步变化对一次冷轧、中间退火、二次冷轧及脱碳退火、二次再结晶退火后的织构及组织变化规律的影响. 探讨了这些特殊方式制备的样品中Goss织构的形成条件. 结果表明, 强烈的初始组织及织构的差异随轧制及退火次数的增多逐渐消失; 最终二次再结晶都可顺利进行, Goss织构及磁性能差异并不大. 虽然初始样品中Goss织构的强弱差异很大, 但因各阶段都可以形成较强的 {111}<112>织构, 弥补了初始样品中Goss织构过弱的不足, 因此轧制方向及初始组织都对最终的织构影响不大. 研究还证实了立方织构的遗传性; 横向轧制是消除稳定的{112}<110>轧制织构的有效方法.     

含铜低温取向硅钢轧制过程中的组织及织构演变

采用Zeiss光学显微镜及X射线衍射仪对含铜低温取向硅钢生产过程中热轧、一次冷轧、脱碳退火和二次冷轧阶段的显微组织与织构的演变规律进行了研究。结果表明:热轧试样的组织与织构在厚度方向上呈现明显的梯度变化,试样的表层和过渡层发生再结晶,过渡层存在较强的Goss织构,中心层存在以{001}<110>为主的强α织构。一次冷轧后试样组织被轧制成沿轧向分布的纤维状组织,织构以强α和弱γ织构为主。脱碳退火后试样发生再结晶,晶粒平均尺寸为15.69 μm,总体织构强度有所减弱,但Goss织构强度升高。二次冷轧后组织由等轴晶粒变为纺锤状组织,织构以弱α和强γ织构为主,其中{111}<112>强度最高。     

冷轧压下率影响工业纯铝板退火织构变化的EBSD研究

采用电子背散射衍射分析方法,研究了34.7%和79.2%两种压下率对1060(L2)冷轧工业纯铝板退火期间织构演变过程的影响。结果表明,两种试验板冷轧织构均由β取向线的S、Brass和Copper织构组成,它们的体积分数随压下率降低而减小;两种试验板退火织构主要呈现为Cube织构组分增强和β取向线织构组分减弱的演变规律,且变化趋势随压下率增大而加强;在压下率为34.7%所对应的试验板中,Goss及其附近取向的晶粒主要发生了回复和被吞噬的现象,最终退火组织中取向差为60°的大角度晶粒数量较多。     

Cu-3.6%Al_2O_3铜合金细丝加工过程中组织结构演变规律

通过TEM和EBSD等技术,研究Cu-3.6%Al_2O_3(体积分数)弥散强化铜合金细丝冷拉拔变形过程的显微组织和力学性能的演变规律。研究结果表明:Cu-3.6%Al_2O_3(体积分数)弥散铜合金基体内分布着大量的纳米级γ-Al_2O_3弥散强化相,形貌以近球状为主,还有少量尺寸为100~200 nm的呈棒状的γ-Al_2O_3粒子。在冷拉拔变形过程中,晶粒沿着拉拔方向拉长,硬度增加。随着拉伸的进行,合金的变形织构也在发生转变,当冷拉拔变形率达88%时,发生立方织构(Cube)和铜型织构(Copper)向黄铜织构(Brass)、高斯织构(Goss)和剪切织构(S)的转变;合金的显微组织为由位错缠结形成的带状组织和位错胞结构。     

Evolution of Annealing Twins and Recrystallization Texture in Thin-Walled Copper Tube During Heat Treatment

Thin-walled copper tubes are usually produced by multi-pass float-plug drawing deformation. In general, the annealing treatment subsequently is necessary to release the stored energy and adjusts the microstructure. In this study, an investigation on the evolution of annealing twins as well as textures in the thin-walled (Ф6 mm×0.3 mm) copper tube underwent holding time-free heat treatment was reported. Electron backscattered diffraction analysis reveals that a large number of Σ3 boundaries (60° 〈111〉 twin relationship) are produced at the early stage of heat treatment, which is due to the lower boundary energy. With the recrystallization proceeding, the migration rate of grain boundaries decreases on account of the grain growth; meanwhile, the unique Σ9 boundaries (38.9° 〈110〉 relationship) are formed due to the interaction of the Σ3 boundaries. As a result, the number fractions of Σ3 boundaries and high-angle grain boundaries decrease rapidly. During the grain growth stage, a strong recrystallization texture was formed due to the fact that the grains of Goss orientation have a growth advantage over the others. As a result, the initial copper texture was transferred into the Goss texture in domination.     

退火过程中无取向电工钢的晶粒长大行为及磁性能演变

对Fe-3%Si无取向电工钢冷轧板进行不同时间的退火处理,利用光学显微镜、EBSD等研究了退火过程的晶粒长大行为及其对磁性能的影响。结果表明,随着退火时间的增加,退火板中Goss以及γ织构晶粒占比降低,{114}<841>以及{001}<120>织构晶粒占比增大。在退火时间低于20 s时,退火织构以强γ和Goss织构为主。退火时间为60 s时,{001}<120>织构晶粒长大速率急剧增大,平均晶粒尺寸达到约105 μm。退火时间达到240 s时,退火织构以强{001}<120>以及{114}<841>织构为主。退火时间为30～60 s时轧向及横向磁感值迅速增大,60 s时轧向磁感达到最大值1.74 T,120 s时横向磁感达到最大值1.67 T,之后随着退火时间增加而轻微降低,并分别稳定在1.72 T和1.66 T左右。退火板45°方向磁感值先升高后降低,20 s时达到最大值1.67 T。各方向的铁损值均随退火时间的增加而降低,且磁各向异性逐渐减小。     

Texture Evolution in an Al-Cu-Mg Alloy During Hot Rolling

The texture evolution in the intermediate (the 1/4 thickness) layer of hot-rolled Al-Cu-Mg alloy sheets was investigated by the x-ray diffraction technique, electron backscattered diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy observation. The results showed that a texture transition from the shear texture {001}<110> to the β-fiber textures occurred as the rolling temperature increased to 420 °C. The shear strain caused by friction resulted in this strong shear texture formation at the low rolling temperature. As the rolling temperature increased, the plane strain substituting the shear strain dominated in the intermediate layer, giving rise to a significant increase in the β-fiber textures. Increasing the rolling temperature was found to preferentially activate the non-octahedral {112}<110> slip system, thereby benefiting the development of strong Brass. At the low rolling reduction of 74%, the textures with low intensity tended to converge on the α-fiber, containing Goss, Brass, P and L components. As the rolling reduction increased to 90%, the textures were strengthened and gradually flew toward the β-fiber, containing Brass, Copper and S components. The S and Copper bands were found to be the preferential sites for the development of recrystallizing Cube grains during hot rolling.     

Effect of Asymmetric Hot Rolling on the Texture Evolution of Fe–3%Si Steel

In Fe–3%Si steel, the hot rolling process affects not only the hot rolling texture but also the primary recrystallization texture. Here, the effect of asymmetric hot rolling was studied by comparing the difference in the texture evolved between asymmetric and symmetric hot rolling. The effect of asymmetric hot rolling on the texture of primary recrystallized Fe–3%Si steel was also studied. The symmetric hot rolling of Fe–3%Si steel produces a rotated cube texture at the center but Goss and copper textures near the surface. Asymmetric hot rolling tends to produce Goss and copper textures even at the center like the texture near the surface. After primary recrystallization, the dominant texture at the center changes from {001} <210> to {111} <112> and the new texture has a higher fraction of the grains which make the low energy boundary with Goss grains than that of symmetric hot rolling.     

Microstructure and texture evolution of 6016 aluminum alloy during hot compressing deformation

Microstructure and texture in 6016 aluminum alloy during hot compression were researched with a uni- axial compression experiment. Through the electron back- scattered diffraction （EBSD） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis technology, it is shown that the subgrain nucle- ation and recrystallization occur in 6016 aluminum alloy during hot compressing, and strong rolling textures such as （110） fiber texture, Brass, S, and Goss form. With the deformation passes increasing, （110） fiber texture, Brass and S are enhanced. In the heat preservation stage after deformation, recrystallization continues until heat preser- vation for 60 s, and a duplex microstructure of deformation and recrystallization grains is built. At the beginning of heat preservation, recrystallization grains with the Goss texture and random orientation are formed in original grains with S or Brass texture, which makes the volume fraction of S and Brass texture decrease. Then, the complex grain growth process makes the volume fraction of Brass, S, and Goss texture increase, while that of random orien- tation decrease.     

2195铝锂合金板材高速拉伸力学特性和变形机理研究

为探究新淬火态2195铝锂合金高应变速率拉伸的力学性能和变形机理,采用分离式Hopkinson拉杆装置进行高应变速率拉伸实验,应变速率范围为1000 s-1~4500 s-1,并通过EBSD技术分析不同应变速率拉伸下合金的织构类型和微观组织演变规律。结果表明：随应变速率的增大,合金的强度和延伸率同步上升。当应变速率达到4200 s-1时,抗拉强度和延伸率分别达到398 MPa和63%,相比较于准静态拉伸,延伸率显著提高。由EBSD结果分析可知,随应变速率的增大,小角度晶界占比上升、KAM均值增大,Goss织构和S织构强度和体积分数上升。同时发现高应变速率拉伸下不仅软取向晶粒的塑性变形更加充分,而且可以启动更多的硬取向晶粒协调变形,进而揭示了高应变速率拉伸下的变形机理。     

柱状晶对Fe-3%Si电工钢再结晶织构演变规律的影响

在对长轴分别平行于板法向(ND)、轧向(RD)、横向(TD)的柱状晶样品冷轧组织及织构演变规律分析的基础上,利用XRD与EBSD技术,对不同退火温度下各样品再结晶织构的形成规律进行分析.结果表明,柱状晶样品再结晶织构的演变,一方面体现了初始取向晶粒的"遗传性",即立方织构与Goss织构的形成;另一方面又展示了柱状晶样品不同于单晶及多晶的"特殊性",即{113}织构的形成、Goss晶粒大大超过立方晶粒的生长能力及TD样品中{110}〈110〉取向晶粒的消失.退火温度的变化在不同样品中可造成立方织构的增强或减弱,这取决于再结晶时的形核及长大环境,分析认为TD样品低温时形成最强的立方织构与其在冷轧过程中最强的晶界阻力有关.综合考虑各再结晶织构的转变规律,其形成与定向形核及定向长大均相关.研究还证实,3种柱状晶样品中等压下量冷轧并退火后都可抑制γ线织构的形成.