辛基羟肟酸与硅酸钠对氟碳铈矿和萤石的浮选效果及量化计算

基于密度泛函理论采用量子化学(DFT/B3LYP)计算,分析了捕收剂辛基羟肟酸(OHA)、抑制剂硅酸钠(SS)与氟碳铈矿、萤石矿物表面暴露金属离子M(Ce³⁺、Ca²⁺)水解组分的作用机理,并通过浮选试验进行验证。结果表明：OHA与Ce(OH)₂⁺反应生成的Ce(OHA)₃络合物结构稳定性最强,SS与Ca²⁺反应生成的Ca(SS)₂络合物结构稳定性最弱。硅酸钠SS优先与萤石表面的Ca²⁺发生反应,OHA优先与氟碳铈矿表面Ce(OH)₂⁺发生反应。在氟碳铈矿和萤石浮选体系中,辛基羟肟酸对氟碳铈矿捕收能力强于萤石,硅酸钠对萤石抑制能力强于氟碳铈矿。     

季铵功能化NH2-MIL-101(Fe)吸附氰化钯性能

制备了一种新型季铵功能化金属有机框架(MOFs)材料Et-N-NH₂-MIL-101(Fe),用于氰化钯的吸附，采用红外光谱、扫描电镜等对其吸附Pd(CN)₄^2-特性进行了表征。吸附热力学表明吸附为放热反应，且能自发进行。Et-N-NH₂-MIL-101(Fe)对Pd(CN)₄^2-的吸附过程符合准二级动力学和Langmuir模型，采用2.0 mol·L^-1KI溶液洗脱Et-N-NH₂-MIL-101(Fe)上吸附的Pd(CN)₄^2-,洗脱率大于97.0%。5次循环后Pd(CN)₄^2-的回收率大于91.0%。研究表明，Et-N-NH₂-MIL-101(Fe)在中性介质中稳定性良好，对Pd(CN)₄^2-具有快速优良的吸附能力。     

空心结构ZnSn(OH)6立方体制备及其可见光催化性能研究

以乙酸锌、锡酸钠、氟化铵为原料,利用NH₄F刻蚀,采用水热法制备了尺寸250 nm的空心结构ZnSn(OH)₆立方体,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、荧光光谱(PL)等来表征ZnSn(OH)₆的晶体结构、形貌和光学性能,研究水热时间对ZnSn(OH)₆形貌的影响,通过降解亚甲基蓝(MB)来探索不同形貌的ZnSn(OH)₆的光催化性能。结果表明,水热2 h制备的ZnSn(OH)₆具有完整的空心结构,且对亚甲基蓝(MB)在可见光下降解效率最优,在降解过程中·O^2-起主要作用,其稳定性良好。说明空心ZnSn(OH)₆立方体光催化材料是一种具有广阔应用前景的可见光催化降解材料。     

超级双相不锈铸钢电化学极化表面腐蚀产物的XPS分析

采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术研究了超级双相不锈铸钢在人工海水中经电化学极化后表面腐蚀产物。结果表明：双相不锈钢在人工海水中极化后的钝化膜表层主要以CrO₃、CrOOH、Cr(OH)₃和Fe(OH)₃等氢氧型化合物为主,内层主要以CrO₃、Cr₂O₃、FeO和Ni₂O₃等氧化物为主,同时膜内层存在Fe、Cr、Ni和Mo单质。MoO₄^2-和NH₄⁺吸附在钝化膜表面,对钝化膜起到保护作用。     

AlLi-LDH中Al-O八面体环吸附锂的机制（英文）

采用共沉淀法合成铝锂层状双氢氧化物(AlLi-LDH)并进行提锂试验。AlLi-LDH的空间群为P32或C2/m,微观形貌呈直径为5～10μm的规则球形。AlLi-LDH吸附Li⁺后,空间群转化为P32。当Li⁺浓度为95.4 mg/L时,1 h后锂吸附量为8.98 mg/g;吸附48 h后,吸附量增加到16.50 mg/g;根据二级吸附模型预测Li⁺吸附总量为17.57 mg/g。当Mg²⁺/Li⁺的质量比为1067时,Mg²⁺/Li⁺分离系数为29536。空间群为P32时,Li-O的相互作用强度变弱,且相互作用属于静电效应。具有P32空间基团的AlLi-LDH更容易吸附和解吸Li⁺。     

电子工业废水中酒石酸铜的配位构型（英文）

采用紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)和液相色谱/质谱(LC-MS)分析酒石酸铜(Cu-TA)配合物的配位结构,并通过密度泛函理论(DFT)计算系统地揭示酒石酸铜在水溶液中的有效配位构型和电子特性。UV-Vis在230和255 nm处的Job图一致显示可能存在[Cu(TA)]和[Cu(TA)₂]^2-。LC-MS结果证实单配位和高配位配合物[Cu₂(TA)₂]⁺、[Cu(TA)₂]⁺和[Cu₂(TA)₃(H₂O)₂(OH)₂]²⁺的存在。DFT计算结果表明,酒石酸(TA)的羧基氧和羟基氧是Cu(Ⅱ)的优选配位位点。[Cu(TA)](酒石酸分子1号碳的羟基氧和3号碳的羟基氧与Cu(Ⅱ)配位)、[Cu(TA)₂]^2-(2个酒石酸分子1号碳的羧基氧和2号碳的羟基氧与Cu(Ⅱ)...     

两种电弧喷涂涂层在中性盐雾环境下的耐蚀性能对比研究

采用电弧喷涂技术在EH36钢表面制备了5083铝合金涂层和Zn15Al涂层，结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电化学测试和腐蚀失重等方法对比研究了两种涂层在中性盐雾环境下的耐蚀性能。结果表明，随着腐蚀的进行，两种涂层的腐蚀速率均逐渐下降，且5083Al合金涂层的腐蚀速率明显低于Zn15Al涂层。形貌观察结果表明，5083铝合金涂层的腐蚀产物呈致密块状，Cl^-无明显渗入；而Zn15Al涂层的腐蚀产物呈疏松的细针状，盐雾腐蚀10 d后有Cl^-沉积在腐蚀产物层中并逐渐渗入至涂层基体。5083铝合金涂层的腐蚀产物主要为Al(OH)₃,Zn15Al涂层腐蚀产物主要由Zn(OH)₂和Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂·H₂O组成。结合溶度积常数Ksp和过饱和度的理论计算，Al(OH)₃沉积所需Al³⁺浓度更低、沉积速度更快，因此5083铝合金涂层更倾向于形成致密的腐蚀产物层...     

锌铝镁镀层中合金相与耐蚀性关系的研究进展

随着材料服役环境的恶化,Zn-Al-Mg (ZAM)镀层因其具有优良的耐蚀性而受到广泛关注。本文从合金元素入手,探讨了其对ZAM中合金相的形成乃至镀层耐蚀性能的影响及作用机制;同时通过对ZAM在大气环境中的腐蚀行为特征的归纳,从腐蚀产物的角度阐述了镀层的腐蚀机理。一般认为,MgZn₂作为阳极优先被腐蚀,从而产生Mg²⁺和Zn²⁺。Mg²⁺可以抑制腐蚀环境pH值的升高,从而防止在高pH值条件下保护性腐蚀产物Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂·H₂O向非保护性腐蚀产物ZnO转变。Zn²⁺的产生更有利于形成保护性腐蚀产物LDH(双层氢氧化物)。但目前的研究仍存在不足,特别是对高铝含量的ZAM镀层中复杂的相结构所带来的腐蚀机理仍不明晰。这些都是未来ZAM镀层的研究重点。     

磁性核壳结构Ce掺杂氧化锆的制备及其As(Ⅲ)吸附性能（英文）

采用溶剂热法和溶胶–凝胶法制备磁性介孔As(Ⅲ)吸附剂Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@Ce-ZrO₂。该核壳结构材料具有高比表面积(168.2 m²/g)和快速磁分离性能(5.37 A·m2/kg)。与Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@ZrO₂相比,Ce掺杂样品的As(Ⅲ)平衡吸附量提高12%-23%(pH3-11),这主要归因于双金属M—O—As配合物的形成。共存的SO₄^2-和PO₄^3-会削弱As(Ⅲ)的吸附,Ca²⁺对除As(Ⅲ)有积极作用,而Cl^-和NO₃^-的影响很小。在初始As(Ⅲ)浓度5mg/L、313K和pH中性条件下,As(Ⅲ)最大吸附容量可达24.52 mg/g。准二级模型对As(Ⅲ)吸附动力学数据的拟合效果良好。此外,吸附...     

萘哌地尔衍生物(BWYJ)对血管平滑肌细胞游离钙浓度的影响

目的: 观察萘哌地尔衍生物(BWYJ) 对家兔血管平滑肌细胞游离钙浓度的影响, 对其血管活性进行机理探讨, 进一步明确其作用机制。方法: 采用钙荧光指示剂Fura-2 /AM 负载的培养家兔胸主动脉平滑肌细胞, 观察该药对NA 、5-HT 和高钾所致的[Ca²⁺] _i 的升高的影响。结果: Fura-2 /AM 负载血管平滑肌细胞的实验中, 静息时各浓度的BWYJ 对[Ca²⁺]_i 无明显影响, 但其对NA 和5-HT 所引起的血管平滑肌[Ca²⁺] _i 增加均有明显的抑制作用, 而不影响高钾所致血管平滑肌[Ca²⁺] _i 的增加。结论: BWYJ 通过阻断细胞膜上的α₁ 受体或5-HT₂A 受体,抑制这些受体中介的钙内流, 从而抑制细胞内Ca²⁺的释放, 使血管平滑肌[Ca²⁺] _i 降低。     

Effect of Caand Mg on corrosion and scaling of galvanized steel pipe in simulated geothermal water

In this paper, the effects of scaling ions (Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) on corrosion and scaling processes of galvanized steel pipe in geothermal water are presented. Spherical corrosion products and needle-shaped scale coexisted on the pipe surface. The concentration of Zn²⁺ and OH⁻ affected the nuclei formation of scale. The corrosion products and scale were identified as Zn(OH)₂, ZnO, CaCO₃ and MgCO₃, respectively. When scale formed on the galvanized steel pipe, the corrosion rate slowed down and the pitting region became smaller.     

锰铁合金渣浸出液制备电子级硫酸锰(英文)

以锰铁合金渣为原料,经研磨、硫酸浸出后,采用中和-水解、氟化沉淀、硫化沉淀和重结晶法去除浸出液中的铁、铝、钙、镁和重金属以及钠、钾等离子以制备电子级硫酸锰。研究反应pH、反应温度和不同添加剂的用量对硫酸锰产品中杂质含量的影响,并得到了较优的温度、pH、沉淀剂的用量等工艺条件。结果表明:在较优工艺条件下,所制备的碳酸锰中,Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+杂质离子的含量小于0.005%,Fe3+、Al3+和重金属离子的含量小于0.001%,Mn2+的含量大于32%,硫酸锰产品的质量满足锂离子电池正极材料的要求。     

Effect of Mg and Co co-doping on electrochemical properties of LiFePO4

LiFePO₄ co-doped with Mg²⁺ and Co⁴⁺ ions was synthesized by a solid state reaction method. The structure and electrochemical properties of the prepared LiFe_0.99Mg_0.005Co_0.005PO₄ were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), galvanostatic charge-discharge experiment and cyclic voltammograms (CV). Specific discharge capacity of LiFePO₄ co-doped with Mg and Co ions reach 147.2 mA·h/g at 0.1C and 133.3 mA·h/g at 1C. The results of CV show that the reversibility of lithium extraction/insertion in LiFePO₄ can be promoted by (Mg²⁺, Co⁴⁺) multiple-ion doping.     

Preparation and property of spinel LiMn2O4 material by co-doping anti-electricity ions

1 Introduction At present, LiCoO2 is almost the only cathode material of Li-ion batteries, which can be used in large-scale commercialization, because such material possesses high specific capacity, ease of preparation, high discharging flat and favorable…     

A first quantitative XPS study of the surface films formed, by exposure to water, on Mg and on the Mg-Al intermetallics: Al3Mg2 and Mg17Al12

An XPS investigation was carried out of the surface films, formed by exposure to ultrapure water, on mechanically ground Mg and the two Mg-Al intermetallic compounds: Al₃Mg₂ and Mg₁₇Al₁₂. The mechanically ground Mg surface had a film of MgO at the Mg metal surface covered by a Mg(OH)₂ layer, formed by the reaction of the MgO with water vapour in the air. Upon immersion in ultrapure water, this film converted to a duplex film with an inner MgO layer next to the Mg metal and an external porous hydroxide layer. For both intermetallics, the XPS data is consistent with (i) preferential dissolution of Mg and (ii) a 10 nm thick film on the surface after immersion in ultrapure water; the film composition on Al₃Mg₂ was AlMg_1.4O_0.2(OH)_5.4 whilst on Mg₁₇Al₁₂ the composition was AlMg_2.5(OH)₈.     

Effect of Mg content on the dimensional stability and tensile properties of heat treated Al-Si-Cu (319) type alloys

The present study was performed on A319.2 aluminum alloy containing 6.2% Si, 3.46% Cu, 0.35% Fe, 0.1% Mg. Small amounts of additives were added to the molten metal as follows: 0.5% Mg, (0.5%Mg + 0.03% Sr), (0.5%Mg + 0.03% Sr + 0.02% TiB₂). The fluidity of the molten metal as a function of temperature in the range 620–740 °C was measured using the Ragone testing technique. Two solution treatments were applied to test bars prepared from these alloy compositions: 6–8 h at 470 °C, and 6–8 h at 505 °C. In both cases, the test bars were quenched in hot water (60 °C), followed by immediate ageing for 5 h at 180 °C. The results reveal that Sr slightly improves the fluidity of the molten metal (～12%) at 720 °C. The addition of Mg leads to a noticeable increase in the alloy length (～2%) when the solution temperature is above 500 °C. At this temperature, incipient melting of Al₅Mg₈Si₆Cu₂ and Al₂Cu phase particles located at the grain boundaries was significant. Ageing at 180 °C contributes significantly to the alloy strength without much change in the dimension. The magnitude of the increase in alloy strength is strongly related to the solution temperature. Solution treatment for 8–10 h at 500 °C may be recommended.     

Phase equilibria in Mg-rich corner of Mg–Ca–RE (RE=Gd,Nd) systems at 400 °C

The phase equilibria in Mg-rich corner of Mg–Ca–Gd and Mg–Ca–Nd ternary systems at 400 °C were determined through the equilibrated alloy method by using XRD, SEM, EPMA and DSC. Partial isothermal sections in Mg-rich corner of Mg–Ca–Gd and Mg–Ca–Nd ternary systems at 400 °C were constructed from 13 alloys. A three-phase region of α–Mg, Mg₄₁RE₅ and Mg₂Ca was determined in both ternary systems. It is formed by a similar ternary eutectic reaction L→α-Mg+Mg₂Ca+Mg₄₁RE₅ at 499.6 °C and 505.6 °C, respectively. It is found that the maximum solubility of Ca in Mg₅Gd is 3.68% (molar fraction) and 3% of Gd can be dissolved in Mg₂Ca in the Mg–Ca–Gd system at 400 °C. While in the Mg–Ca–Nd system the maximum solubility of Ca in Mg₄₁Nd₅ is 3.57% and 1.24% of Nd can be dissolved in Mg₂Ca at 400 °C. Other three-phase equilibria existing in Mg-rich corner of Mg–Ca–Gd system are α-Mg+Mg₅Gd+T and Mg₅Gd+Mg₂Ca+T and the three-phase equilibrium in Mg-rich corner of Mg–Ca–Nd system is Mg₃Nd+Mg₂Ca+ Mg₄₁Nd₅.     

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel by polyhydric alcohol phosphate ester (PAPE) in natural sea water

Abstract

The corrosion inhibition of mild steel by polyhydric alcohol phosphate ester (PAPE) in natural sea water has been investigated by polarisation curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and surface analytical techniques. The results have shown that PAPE acts as a mixed type (anodic and cathodic) negative catalytic effect interface inhibitor and that the adsorption is of the Langmuir type. The inhibitor can adsorb immediately and compactly on the steel surface, the thickness of the film increasing with time. The adsorption behaviour involves the formation of complexes between the R1 functional group of the PAPE molecular structure and metal ions on the steel surface, such as Fe²⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, etc.     

Removal of SO4, uranium and other heavy metal ions from simulated solution by sulfate reducing bacteria

In the case of in-situ leaching of uranium, the primitive geochemical environment for groundwater is changed since leachant is injected into the water bearing uranium deposit. This increases the concentration of SO4^2-, uranium and other heavy metal ions and results in the groundwater contamination. The effects of pH values of the simulated solution on the reduction of SO4^2- and the removal of uranium and other heavy metal ions by sulfate reducing bacteria（SRB） were studied. The results show that, when the pH value of the simulated solution is about 8, the reduction rate of SO4^2- by SRB and the removal rate of uranium, Mn^2＋, Zn^2＋, Pb〉 and Fe^2＋ will reach their highest values. A bioremediation technique for remediation of groundwater in in-situ leaching uranium mine can be developed.     

Cold metal transfer welding–brazing of magnesium to pure copper

Magnesium alloy AZ31B and pure copper T2 were lapped and joined by cold metal transfer (CMT) welding–brazing method by AZ61A magnesium alloy wire with a 1·2 mm diameter. Results indicated that a satisfied Mg/Cu CMT welding–brazing joint was obtained in the stable welding processes with no spatter. The joint was composed of Mg–Mg welding joint formed between the Mg weld metal and the Mg base metal, and Mg–Cu brazing joint formed between the Mg weld metal and the local molten Cu base metal. The microstructure and the intermetallic compound (IMC) distribution were inspected and analysed in detail. The interfacial reaction layers of the brazing joint consisted of Mg₂Cu, Al₆Cu₄Mg₅, MgCu₂ and Mg₁₇Al₁₂ IMCs. The tensile shear strength of the Mg/Cu CMT welding–brazing joint could reach 172·5 N mm^?1. In addition, two different fracture modes were observed: at the fusion zone and at the brazing interface.