节能无线传感网络系统设计

Wireless sensor networks have already enabled numerous embedded wireless applications such as military, environmental monitoring, intelligent building, etc. Because micro-sensor nodes are supposed to operate for months or even years with very limited battery power source, it is a challenge for researchers to obtain long operating hour without scarifying original system performances. In this paper, the energy consumption sources of the wireless sensor networks are firstly analyzed, with the digital processing and radio transceiver units being emphasized. Then, we introduce the design scheme of our energy-aware wireless sensor network (GAINS). In GAINS, techniques to conserve the energy are exploited including the energy optimization node, software and energy-efficient communication protocol. The design architecture of our ultra low power wireless sensor network (WO-LPP) is specially presented.     

一种输出功率分级的无线传感网络数据收集机制

The data gathering manner of wireless sensor networks, in which data is forwarded towards the sink node, would cause the nodes near the sink node to transmit more data than those far from it. Most data gathering mechanisms now do not do well in balancing the energy consumption among nodes with different distances to the sink, thus they can hardly avoid the problem that nodes near the sink consume energy more quickly, which may cause the network rupture from the sink node. This paper presents a data gathering mechanism called PODA, which grades the output power of nodes according to their distances from the sink node. PODA balances energy consumption by setting the nodes near the sink with lower output power and the nodes far from the sink with higher output power. Simulation results show that the PODA mechanism can achieve even energy consumption in the entire network, improve energy efficiency and prolong the network lifetime.     

有源传感网络中目标跟踪的传感器调度方法

Wireless sensor network (WSN) of active sensors suffers from serious inter-sensor interference (ISI) and imposes new design and implementation challenges. In this paper, based on the ultrasonic sensor network, two time-division based distributed sensor scheduling schemes are proposed to deal with ISI by scheduling sensors periodically and adaptively respectively. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used as the tracking algorithm in distributed manner. Simulation results show that the adaptive sensor scheduling scheme can achieve superior tracking accuracy with faster tracking convergence speed.     

无线传感网络中使用动态代理的节点收敛算法

This paper proposes fault tolerant algorithms for routing mobile agents in a single channel wireless sensor network which cover every node in the network. These algorithms use local knowledge (assume no knowledge of global deployment or topology, etc). We propose the algorithms and show mathematical analysis to support our claims. The paper ends with simulation studies and discussion of results.     

无线传感网络中安全密钥管理机制

Recent advancements in wireless communication and microchip techniques have accelerated the development of wireless sensor networks (WSN). Key management in WSN is a critical and challenging problem because of the inner characteristics of sensor networks: deployed in hostile environments, limited resource and ad hoc nature. This paper investigates the constraints and special requirements of key management in sensor network environment, and some basic evaluation metrics are introduced. The key pre-distribution scheme is thought as the most suitable solution for key management problem in wireless sensor networks. It can be classified into four classes: pure probabilistic key predistribution, polynomial-based, Blom′s matrix-based, and deterministic key predistribution schemes. In each class of methods, the related research papers are discussed based on the basic evaluation metrics. Finally, the possible research directions in key management are discussed.     

无线传感网络中的目标分类融合

In wireless sensor networks, target classification differs from that in centralized sensing systems because of the distributed detection, wireless communication and limited resources. We study the classification problem of moving vehicles in wireless sensor networks using acoustic signals emitted from vehicles. Three algorithms including wavelet decomposition, weighted k-nearest-neighbor andDempster-Shafer theory are combined in this paper. Finally, we use real world experimental data to validate the classification methods. The result shows that wavelet based feature extraction method can extract stable features from acoustic signals. By fusion with Dempster's rule, the classification performance is improved.     

距离交会算法在无线传感网络节点定位中的应用

Knowing the locations of nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is essential for many applications. Nodes in a WSN can have multiple capabilities and exploiting one or more of the capabilities can help to solve the localization problem. In this paper, we assume that each node in a WSN has the capability of distance measurement and present a location computation technique called linear intersection for node localization. We also propose an applied localization model using linear intersection and do some concerned experiments to estimate the location computation algorithm.     

On localization with robust power control for safety critical wireless sensor networks

A hybrid methodology is proposed for use in low power, safety critical wireless sensor network applications, where quality-of-service orientated transceiver output power control is required to operate in parallel with radio frequency-based localization. The practical implementation is framed in an experimental procedure designed to track a moving agent in a realistic indoor environment. An adaptive time synchronized approach is employed to ensure the positioning technique can operate effectively in the presence of dataloss and where the transmitter output power of the mobile agent is varying due to power control. A deterministic multilateration-based positioning approach is adopted and accuracy is improved by filtering signal strength measurements overtime to account for multipath fading. The location estimate is arrived at by employing least-squares estimation. Power control is implemented at two separate levels in the network topology. First, power control is applied to the uplink between the tracking reference nodes and the centralized access point. A number of algorithms are implemented highlighting the advantage associated with using additional feedback bandwidth, where available, and also the need for effective time delay compensation. The second layer of power control is implemented on the uplink between the mobile agent and the access point and here quantifiable improvements in quality of service and energy efficiency are observed. The hybrid paradigm is extensively tested experimentally on a fully compliant 802.15.4 testbed, where mobility is considered in the problem formulation using a team of fully autonomous robots.     

Energy-efficient multipath routing in wireless sensor network considering wireless interference

Due to the energy and resource constraints of a wireless sensor node in a wireless sensor network (WSN), design of energy-efficient multipath routing protocols is a crucial concern for WSN applications. To provide high-quality monitoring information, many WSN applications require high-rate data transmission. Multipath routing protocols are often used to increase the network transmission rate and throughput. Although large-scale WSN can be supported by high bandwidth backbone network, the WSN remains the bottleneck due to resource constraints of wireless sensors and the effects of wireless interference. In this paper, we propose a multipath energy-efficient routing protocol for WSN that considers wireless interference. In the proposed routing protocol, nodes in the interference zone of the discovered path are marked and not allowed to take part in the subsequent routing process. In this way, the quality of wireless communication is improved because the effects of wireless interference can be reduced as much as possible. The network load is distributed on multiple paths instead of concentrating on only one path, and node energy cost is more balanced for the entire wireless network. The routing protocol is simulated in NS2 software. Simulation result shows that the proposed routing protocol achieves lower energy cost and longer network lifetime than that in the literature.     

一个无线传感网络时间同步模拟器

Time synchronization is a critical middleware service of wireless sensor networks. Researchers have already proposed some time synchronization algorithms. However, due to the demands for various synchronization precision, existing time synchronization algorithms often need to be adapted. So it is necessary to evaluate these adapted algorithms before use. Software simulation is a valid and quick way to do it. In this paper, we present a time synchronization simulator, Simsync, for wireless sensor networks. We decompose the packet delay into 6 delay components and model them separately. The frequency of crystal oscillator is modeled as Gaussian. To testify its effectiveness, we simulate the reference broadcast synchronization algorithm (RBS) and the timing-sync synchronization algorithm (TPSN) on Simsync. Simulated results are also presented and analyzed.     

基于无线传感网络的停车引导系统设计

为了提高停车效率,以Jennic公司的无线低功耗嵌入式处理器JN5148为核心,设计了一套基于无线传感网络的停车引导系统。设计了一种低功耗的传感器节点电路,并对JenNet协议栈进行了应用。该系统已经应用于停车场中,实践证明该方法能代替有线线圈,实现引导功能;同时,该系统采用无线通信,小巧,方便安装。     

一种基于无线传感器网络的密钥管理方案

本文提出了一种无线传感器网络中的密钥管理方案,该方案支持密钥建立和更新等过程,并采用邻近节点概率否决投票的方法由基站撤消受节点的密钥集。同时,考虑到传感器节点资源有限的特点,方案中相关的协议和算法都比较简单,并完全避开了代价昂贵的公钥运算,从而使得方案的计算、存储和通信开销都比较小,执行效率大大提高。     

无线传感器网络的网络管理

无线传感器网络是由许多能量和处理能力有限的传感器节点组成.传感器网络主要用来监测环境、建筑和结构和动物习性的监测.网络管理是任何网络,包括传感器网络的重要功能.而由于无线传感器网络的特点,对其管理要比传统网络都要困难,而其中网络管理的最主要方面是网络拓扑结构的管理.开发节能并且能够维护网络连接的拓扑的算法是非常必要的.本文介绍了网络管理的基本知识,以及如何应用在无线传感器网络中.文中主要描述了网络的拓扑结构,并且对现在主要的网络拓扑结构算法进行描述和比较.     

基于NETCONF的WSN网络管理系统设计

无线传感器网络的网络管理是个崭新的研究领域。无线传感器网络自身的特点决定了其管理系统与传统的计算机网络管理系统有根本区别。但是,到目前为止,有关无线传感器网络管理系统的研究还较少。本文总结了相关研究,并基于NETCONF协议设计了WSN网络管理系统,包括信息模型、节点代理和WSN-NETCONF协议,为无线传感器网络管理系统的实现奠定了基础。     

无线传感器网络管理技术

无线传感器网络是一个资源受限、应用相关的任务型网络,与现有的计算机网络有显著差异。现有的网络管理不再适用于无线传感器网络,面临着诸多新的挑战。首先简要介绍了无线传感器网络管理的技术背景,并结合无线传感器网络自身的特点,给出了相应的无线传感器网络的管理技术应具备的特征等。然后提出了一个通用的无线传感器网络管理框架,并对其中的各管理内容及研究进展进行了详细论述。最后探讨了无线传感器网络管理领域面临的公开难题,并针对目前发展现状提出了今后的研究方向。     

无线传感器网络动态对密钥管理方案研究

由于无线传感器网络长期暴露在外以及无线信道的开放性,信息安全成为无限传感器网络的一大挑战。提出了一种新的对密钥管理方案,主要解决随机密钥管理方案的连通图复杂性和离散性以及提高其安全性。     

簇状树形无线传感器网络系统级设计分析

簇状树形网络在无线传感器网络应用中大量存在,对此种网络的协议进行系统级建模可以有效地提高设计的灵活性,可以针对不同的应用进行快速配置.针对一种工业无线传感器网络协议,提出了一种典型的簇状树形网络的系统级建模方法,并在系统的可靠性、低功耗、时延等不同的方面进行了设计评估.实际工厂的部署和实验表明,采用系统级分析,可以快速高效地对系统的参数进行调整,达到网络设计的需求.     

无线传感器网络管理综述

作为一种新兴的网络范型,无线传感器网络为我们提供了一种新的监测和控制模型。由于传感器网络自身特性,给网络管理带来许多挑战,传统的网络管理不再适用于无线传感器网络。目前对于传感器网络管理的研究,尚无一个统一的管理标准。文中总结了当前所提出的一些管理系统和框架,并阐述了对IPv6的支持及基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络管理。     

基于磁场传感器和ARM的智能停车场管理系统

针对传统停车场管理系统寻找空车位时间较长、车位利用率较低等问题,将磁场传感器和ARM引入智能停车场管理系统中.以HMC5983磁场传感器为核心设计了车位信息采集模块,以ARM芯片为核心设计了主控模块,以CCD相机为核心设计了车牌信息采集模块,并对其进行软件开发,设计出了易于查看的空余车位显示模块,并最终实现ARM控制.系统测试表明:HMC5983磁场传感器能够实时采集停车场的车位信息,并通过空余车位显示模块显示出来,为入场车辆提供了直观的停车指导,同时采用ARM芯片提高了系统的安全性.本系统适用于各类大中型平面停车场,实现了停车场系统的智能化管理.     

无线传感器网络洪泛路由算法的研究

简要介绍了无线传感器网络的特点以及目前无线传感器网络中的路由算法,在洪泛算法的基础上给出了一种基于矩形域的路由算法。新思想有效地避免了洪泛传播的无方向性、盲目性,降低了网络中节点的能耗,从而节省了节点的资源,延长了网络的生存时间。新算法有效降低了路由开销,而且实现简单。仿真结果表明新算法具有良好的路由性能。