Design and applications of two-port SAW resonators on YZ-lithium niobate

The fundamental design criteria for two-port SAW resonators are discussed. The distributed reflective arrays are modeled as lossy repetitively mismatched transmission lines with impedance mismatch ε and expressions for the reflection magnitude and phase are given. An experimental technique is described to directly determine both ε and the proper placement of the input/output transducers. Experimental two-port resonator filters have been realized having Q's of 2000-5000, 5-7 dB insertion loss, and ∼35-dB sidelobe suppression. By electrically cascading three resonators, sidelobe suppression of ∼80 dB has been achieved. Resonator structures have been developed in which continuous frequency tuning up to 0.18 percent has been obtained by electronic means.     

Sidelobe Suppression in Low and High Time-Bandwidth Products of Linear FM Pulse Compression Filters

The peak sidelobe suppression of unweighed linear FM surface acoustic wave filters limits the dynamic range of pulse compression systems. Using a discrete inverse Fourier transform "sampling technique" and complex Fresnel integral algorithms, this paper extends previous results of other authors from a time-bandwidth product of 50 up to the high value of 720. In the present work, the weighting is applied in the frequency domain, employing an external Hamming weighting function. The output waveforms are determined for different sampling rates. The results show that a peak sidelobe suppression of -38 dB from the main Iobe is achieved for high time-bandwidth product (TB = 720) at a sampling rate of 512 with broadening in the main lobe, while it is -41 dB for a low time-bandwidth product of TB = 50. Also, the paper contains charts showing the sidelobe suppression of unweighed and Hamming externally weighted linear FM pulse compression filters at different values of time-bandwidth products TB (50,100,250,370,510,720) with different central frequencies, dispersion times, and bandwidths B. The skirt steepness, sidelobe ripple rejection, Gibbs ripples of the wave spectrum, reduction of the insertion loss, and suppression of Fresnel ripples are also compared.     

Electrically cascaded surface-acoustic-wave resonator filters

Three nearly identical surface-acoustic-wave resonator filters at ? 35 MHz have been fabricated with aluminium metallisation on yz LiNbO3 substrates. The filters are electrically cascaded to yield a combined frequency response that exhibits 80 dB sidelobe suppression, Q ? 3000, no spurious responses in the range 1?500 MHz and an insertion loss in a 50 ? system of only 13 dB.     

Fine tuning of surface-acoustic-wave resonator filters with metallisation thickness

Two-port surface-acoustic-wave resonator filters with Q factors in excess of 3000 and a sidelobe suppression of 30 dB have been fabricated from yz LiNbO3 with aluminium metallisation. The dispersion of the centre frequency with aluminium thickness has been found to be 70?10 kHz/?m at 35 MHz. The ability to fine tune with metal thickness has been used to compensate inherent substrate inhomogeneities and to fabricate a high-Q factor flat-top filter.     

ARROW-type vertical coupler filter: design and fabrication

Vertical coupler filters (VCF) exhibiting narrow bandwidth and low sidelobe levels have been designed and demonstrated. Narrow bandwidth filter response is achieved due to the strong asymmetry between the waveguides of the filter and the nondispersive characteristics of the anitresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) structure. An ARROW-type VCF with a conventional parallel coupled directional coupler configuration with a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 1.36 nm and a maximum sidelobe level of -8.5 dB was fabricated using a compound glass consisting of SiO₂ and SiO₂-Ta₂O₅ . The filter sidelobe levels were then further suppressed by using an X-crossing arrangement to provide coupling strength apodization along the device. The sidelobe levels of this modified X-crossing filter were suppressed to below -23 dB and the measured FWHM was 3.9 nm. The central wavelength of the reported filters are in the 1.55 μm region. The measured results are in good agreement with theoretical results from an analysis procedure that combines the coupled mode theory with the finite difference complex mode solver     

Polarization independent, integrated optical, acoustically tunablewavelength filters/switches with tapered acoustical directional coupler

Enhanced sidelobe suppression of the filter characteristics of tunable acousto-optical mode converters in LiNbO₃ has been achieved using for the first time tapered acoustical directional couplers. A sidelobe suppression of more than 15.5 dB could be demonstrated in a single stage device. By combining the mode converter with two integrated optical polarization splitters a polarization independent filter/wavelength selective switch has been fabricated with less than 3 dB intrinsic insertion loss, a polarization dependence of less than 1 dB, and a sidelobe suppression exceeding 14 dB     

Taylor四相码频域旁瓣抑制数字滤波器的设计

本文分析了Taylor四相码信号的频谱结构,采用频域数字处理方法,研究了四相编码长码雷达信号距离旁瓣频域抑制滤波技术,提出一种适用于各种码长信号的旁瓣抑制滤波器(SSF)频域设计方法.并以127位Taylor四相码为例,对SSF处理的性能进行仿真分析和实验测试.当fd=0时,仿真与实测结果的主副比分别达到51dB和43dB.这表明采用这种方法所设计的T硝lor四相码信号SSF可以应用于现代雷达系统.     

失配滤波器在数字脉压旁瓣抑制技术中的应用

通过使用加权迭代最小二乘法来设计失配滤波器，用于数字脉压旁瓣抑制技术中，并通过优化权系数，可以使得输出信号的旁瓣电平压得很低。份真结果表明，通过迭代，选择适当的权系数使得失配滤波器的输出具有较低的旁瓣电平，且峰值旁瓣电平比未优化前降低了6dB。     

Chebyshev optimization of sparse FIR filters using linearprogramming with an application to beamforming

Sparse FIR filter design, where some tap weights are zero, is of interest as a means of reducing the expense or enhancing the performance of a filter, as a result of fewer or more efficiently placed multipliers. We show that for certain classes of filters with moderately wide passbands, it is possible to increase the stopband suppression by up to 20 dB without increasing the number of multipliers, simply by increasing the number of delay elements, zeroing the appropriate taps, and optimizing the other taps using linear programming. Another use for sparse FIR filters is for the case where multipliers have failed. Graceful degradation can be achieved in some types of FIR filters by optimally adjusting the functional elements to compensate for the failed multipliers. This approach can also be used to minimize the peak sidelobe level for beamformers that may have failed elements. For the beamforming cases considered, the peak sidelobe level was decreased by as much as 5 dB     

Design of high-performance all-fiber spectral filter with weightedcoupling

Narrow-band and low-sidelobe all-fiber spectral filters are achievable with directional couplers constructed with W-index and step-index fibers. The sidelobe levels can be reduced significantly by properly weighting the coupling strength along the device. We provide numerical simulations in which the different weighting functions are obtained via a variable intercore separation. With a Gaussian function weighting, -38 dB transfer response sidelobes have been obtained, which is more than 29 dB reduction over the uniform coupling case. Some design rules for obtaining filters with desired bandwidths and coupling lengths are also given. These results can be very useful in the design of high-performance all-fiber filters for wavelength multiplexing     

SAW 15位m序列相位编码信号的最小峰值旁瓣滤波器

本文介绍用线性规划方法求解[4,3,0]反馈连接的、起始状态为1001的15位m序列相位编码信号的最小峰值旁瓣滤波器(LP滤波器)的计算结果。长度为15的LP滤波器的峰值旁瓣电平降到－21.47dB,比匹配滤波器改善7.49dB,当滤波器的长度增加时,LP滤波器可把峰值旁瓣抑制到更低电平。并介绍用声表面波(SAW)技术制作15位m序列相位编码信号(起始状态为1001)的LP滤波器,实验结果,其峰值旁瓣电平为－19dB,与理论值相差2.47dB。     

m序列相位编码信号的最小峰值旁瓣滤波器

m序列相位编码信号最小峰值旁瓣滤波器(LP滤波器)的冲激响应序列可以通过解线性规划问题求得。对于15位和31位全部m序列的计算结果表明,LP滤波器对峰值旁瓣有较大的抑制。对[4,3,0]反馈连接的起始状态为1001的15位码,它的长度为15的LP滤波器的峰值旁瓣电平降到—21.47dB,比用匹配滤波器改善7.49dB;对[5,3,2,1,0]反馈连接的起始状态为11101的31位码,它的长度为31的LP滤波器的峰值旁瓣电平降到—23.80dB,比用匹配滤波器改善6.01dB。当滤波器的长度增加时,LP滤波器可把峰值旁瓣抑制到更低电平。     

二相编码雷达信号的旁瓣抑制和扩展多普勒容限研究

着重研究二相编码长码长雷达信号的距离旁瓣抑制加权处理问题,阐述了一种从频域结构分析入手、运用于各种码长信号的设计最小峰值旁瓣滤波器的方法,并给出了190位码的计算机模拟结果。针对相位编码信号的多普勒频移灵敏问题,提出了频率分集处理和非相干型旁瓣抑制滤波器相结合的方法,以改善多普勒性能。模拟结果表明,频域分析法结合非相干加权方式设计出的最小峰值旁瓣滤波器,较好地满足了现代雷达系统的要求。     

线性伸缩波形的雷达距离模糊特性及旁瓣抑制

该文提出了任意信号的时域线性伸缩表达式,给出了一类新的雷达波形,并对这类波形的压缩形式(匹配滤波输出)在时域进行旁瓣抑制数字滤波。仿真结果表明,这类波形的距离模糊函数的峰值旁瓣电平可达-18~-20 dB,而4dB主瓣宽度仅为相同参数的线性调频(LFM)压缩信号主瓣宽度的54%~70%;对这类波形的匹配滤波输出用该文改进的数字旁瓣抑制滤波器滤波后,其峰值旁瓣电平可低达-50dB,且主瓣宽度仅为单位采样符号长度。     

Efficient sidelobe suppression by source power apodisation in fibreoptic microwave filters composed of linearly chirped fibre grating bylaser array

First results are provided on efficiently apodised RF filters based on linearly chirped fibre gratings fed by laser arrays yielding sidelobe reductions of 10-20 dB as compared to uniform (unapodised) filters     

基于波导缝隙阵列的新型太赫兹频率扫描天线

为缩短太赫兹系统成像时间,该文提出将频率扫描天线应用于太赫兹成像系统中,并设计了一种基于波导缝隙阵列的太赫兹频率扫描天线。该文采用泰勒综合法降低副瓣电平,通过软件仿真结合功率传输法设计最优的缝隙分布。太赫兹波导缝隙阵列天线具有加工简单、成本低的优势,通过太赫兹准光测试系统对天线性能进行测试,实测天线扫描角度可达40°,增益约为15 dB,副瓣电平抑制优于–20 dB。测试结果表明太赫兹波导缝隙天线具有扫描角度大和副瓣低的优良特性,在太赫兹成像和目标探测等领域有巨大的应用价值。      

A 500-stage CCD transversal-filter for spectral analysis

The operation and design of 500-stage charge-coupled device (CCD) transversal filters are described. The filters have been mask programmed for implementing two spectral analysis techniques: 1) bandpass filtering and 2) Fourier analysis using the chirp z transform (CZT) algorithm. The bandpass filter has a measured fractional 3 dB bandwidth of 0.0108 and 38 dB sidelobe rejection. The dynamic range is 75 dB with less than 45 dB total harmonic distortion. A sliding transform is defined which is useful for calculations of the power spectral density and is shown to be particularly advantageous in a CCD-CZT implementation. Using the sliding transform, a 500-point spectrum is calculated using CCD's with resolutions which can be varied from 1-200 Hz. The dynamic range of the power spectral output was measured to be 80 dB. A discussion is given of the performance limitation of a general CCD filter due to the inherent characteristics of the device. The results are evaluated for the 500-stage devices described above and indicate that sample rates from 25 Hz to 10 MHz are possible with a dynamic range approaching 100 dB while retaining high linearity.     

A multielement high power monopulse feed with low sidelobe and high aperture efficiency

A multielement high power monopulse feed was investigated for excitation of a phased array. This feed has the advantages of high antenna efficiency, effective independent sidelobe control for the sum and difference patterns, and high power handling capability. A 32-element device has been designed which yields theoretical sidelobe levels less than -31 dB for both the sum and difference patterns over the 2800 to 3200 MHz frequency band. The aperture efficiency is 69.5 percent which includes 0.1 dB spillover loss and 1.40 dB tapering loss. The difference slope efficiency defined as the actual slope gain over the maximum possible value is 50 percent at midband. An experimental feed was constructed to verify the predicted performance characteristics. Measured data on both the radiation patterns and the antenna gain agreed very Well with the analytical results. The measured sidelobe level is below -30 dB for all sum and difference beams over the 2800 to 3200 MHz. In addition, this feed can be designed for low power intensity at the feed aperture so that very high power operation can be attained.     

恒增益处理损失的最佳编码旁瓣抑制滤波器

雷达距离/时间旁瓣抑制滤波器的设计通常以旁瓣电平最低为设计目标,未考虑增益处理损失的控制,在某些情况下会导致输出信噪比损失过大,影响弱信号的检测.本文研究增益处理损失任意给定条件下的旁瓣抑制滤波器的设计,并以巴克码为例具体设计了恒增益处理损失的最佳积累旁瓣电平滤波器和最佳峰值旁瓣电平滤波器.     

相位编码旁瓣抑制及其在MSK扩频中的应用

与相位编码信号一样,MSK扩频信号在采用匹配滤波处理时,也存在旁瓣较高的现象,影响弱目标检测。相位编码信号通常使用迭代加权最小二乘算法来降低旁瓣,将该算法应用于MSK扩频信号的旁瓣抑制,可显著提高主副比。仿真结果表明,主副比改善了10dB以上,而信噪比损失仅约1dB。