采用熟化-浸出-萃取法从黄磷电炉电尘浆中提取镓

在硫酸、盐酸直接浸出镓实验的基础上,进行硫酸直接浸出镓的动力学模拟,研究一种利用浓硫酸恒温熟化预处理、以磷酸三丁酯（TBP）为萃取剂从黄磷电炉电尘浆中提取镓的方法。研究结果表明：镓浸出过程符合表面化学反应控制;提取镓的适宜实验条件是：当反应体系中硫酸浓度为6．5mol／L,液固比为3：2,200℃恒温熟化2．5h,然后于90℃水浴中搅拌浸出1．5h,镓的浸出率为90％左右;以TBP为萃取剂在6．0mol／LHCI体系中萃取镓,萃取率达99％;以1mol／LNaCl为反萃剂,在有机相与水相的体积比为2：1的条件下,反萃率在98％以上;经过进一步浓缩、纯化,可以获得含镓4．5g／L的富集物。     

硼铁矿中硼镁铁的硫酸法共浸出研究

提出一种采用硫酸酸浸硼铁矿使其中的硼、镁和铁元素共同浸出的方法．硫酸酸浸硼铁矿时,主要是与矿物中的硼镁石[Mg（BO2）（OH）]、磁铁矿[Fe3O4]、蛇纹石[Mg3Si2O5（OH）4]反应．通过热力学分析,验证采用硫酸共溶硼铁矿中的硼、镁和铁元素的可行性,并考察硫酸浓度、液固比、酸浸时间和酸浸温度对酸浸的影响,确定硫酸酸浸硼铁矿的最佳工艺条件：硫酸的质量分数30％,液固比（质量比）8：1,浸出温度90℃,浸出时间120min,搅拌速度大约100r／min．在最佳浸出条件下,硼铁矿中的硼、镁和铁元素的浸出率分别达到99．0％,91．0％,92．9％以上,达到了硼铁矿中硼、镁和铁元素共浸出的目的．     

H_2SO_4-NaCl体系下硫精矿中铜的浸出

某硫精矿直接采用浮选或硫酸浸出均无法回收其中的铜,导致铜资源浪费,且影响精矿的再利用。采用NaCl为助浸剂,H2SO4浸出该硫精矿中的铜。探讨了助浸剂的种类、NaCl浓度、H2SO4体积分数、固液比、浸出温度、浸出时间等因素对铜浸出的影响。试验表明,在H2SO4体积分数为5%、NaCl浓度为0.5 mol/L、浸出温度为85℃、固液比为1∶3(g/g)时,8 h内铜的浸出率可达84.02%。动力学研究表明,在H2SO4-NaCl浸出体系下硫精矿中铜的浸出受固膜扩散控制,可以通过增加温度提高浸出剂在矿物颗粒表面的扩散速率,从而提高铜的浸出率。     

石硫合剂(LSSS)浸金的研究

对某金矿进行了LSSS法添加NaCl在常温下的浸取条件研究，当LSSS中的L／S在3：1时，[NH3]=0．5-0．8mol／L，[NaCl]=0．8mol／L，温度在25℃，浸取时间为3h，浸出率可达到94％以上，从而实现了在常温下低[NH3]浸取金的目标，并且降低了生产成本。     

电解浸出软锰矿的研究

采用电解法浸出软锰矿,考察硫酸铁用量、硫酸用量、浸出时间、电流密度、液固比、反应温度和搅拌速率对锰浸出率的影响。结果表明,在铁锰物质的量之比为1:2,硫酸物质的量浓度为0.1 mol/L,浸出时间为2 h,电流密度为400 A/m2,液固比为7:1,反应温度为80℃,搅拌速率为300 r/min的优化工艺条件下,锰的浸出率达95%以上。     

废旧印刷线路板两步浸出有价金属

为回收废旧印刷线路板中的有价金属,采用两步浸出的方法对其进行处理.先用双氧水-硫酸浸出贱金属,再用王水浸出贱金属浸出渣中的金.10 g废旧印刷线路板贱金属最佳浸出条件为双氧水20 mL,固液比1:5,硫酸浓度5 mol/L,反应温度60℃,反应时间90 min,原料溶损率达90.0%;金最佳浸出条件为反应温度40℃,反应时间30 min,浸出率达97.5%,研究证明两步浸出法能有效处理废旧印刷线路板,金溶出过程受扩散控制。     

高压酸浸蛇纹石中镁和镍的动力学研究

本文对内蒙古蛇纹石矿石进行了硫酸浸出试验,并研究了不同浸出工艺参数对金属浸出效率的影响.在H2SO4浓度为5 mol/L、液固比为4 mL/g、浸出温度为100℃的条件下,Mg、Fe、Al、Ni、Co的浸出率分别达到93.98％、60.09％、82.08％、90.58％、94.06％,表明硫酸浸出能有效地从蛇纹石中回收...     

电镀污泥中铜的浸出工艺及其动力学

以硫酸为浸出剂,对某表面处理工业园电镀废水处理污泥中的铜做了浸出试验研究.将污泥干燥、研磨,X射线衍射和X射线能谱仪分析表明污泥中含铜19.03%.采用单因素优化试验探讨了固液比、反应时间、浸出温度、硫酸质量分数、搅拌速度对铜浸出率的影响.结果表明:当硫酸质量分数为20%,固液比为1∶10,搅拌速率为700r/min时,在20℃下反应40min,铜的浸出率可达97%以上;根据未反应核收缩模型,对硫酸浸铜过程的动力学机理进行了研究,结果表明:硫酸浸铜过程的控制步骤为固体膜扩散控制,其反应级数为0.828 2,浸出活化能为11.809kJ/mol.研究为含铜电镀污泥安全处置提供理论依据.     

酸浸提取铟的工艺研究

通过比较不同的浸出剂浸出锑化铟时铟的浸出率,找出合适的浸出剂,并对锑化铟的浸渍工艺进行优化。考察了HNO3浓度、液固比、浸渍时间及浸渍温度4个因素对铟的浸出率的影响。结果表明:锑化铟酸浸提取铟的最佳工艺条件为:HNO3浓度8mol/L,液固比3.5∶1,浸渍时间20min,浸渍温度25℃。在此工艺条件下,铟的浸出率能达到99.5%以上。     

高硅硫铁矿烧渣浸出过程动力学机理

研究了高硅硫铁矿烧渣在硫酸浸出过程中的动力学机理,考察了液固比和温度对Fe浸出速率的影响。实验结果表明：在液固比λ≥4．7时,增大λ,浸出率下降;硫酸浓度的反应级数为1．22;温度对Fe浸出速率的影响较大,提高温度有利于Fe的浸出;浸出1h后浸出率能够很好地满足产物层扩散控制收缩核模型,即1＋2（1－x)-3(1-x)^2/3=kt;表现活化能为55．469kJ/mol。此外,通过化学分析和EPMA分析,进一步证明了反应被产物层所控制。     

Techniques of copper recovery from Mexican copper oxide ore

Mexican copper ore is a mixed ore containing mainly copper oxide and some copper sulfide that responds well to flotation. The joint techniques of flotation and leaching were studied. The results indicate that an ore containing 19.01% copper could be obtained at a recovery ratio of 35.02% by using sodium sulfide and butyl xanthate flotation. Over 83.33% of the copper oxide can be recovered from the tailings by leaching in suitable conditions, such as 1 h stirring at a temperature around 25 ℃ with a mixing speed of 500 r/min, an H2SO4 concentration of 1.0 mol/L and a mass ratio of the ore-slurry-liquid to solid (mL/mS) of 3. The overall yield of refined ore after flotation and leaching is over 89.18% of the copper, which is much better than sole flotation or leaching. A copper product containing more than 99.9% copper was obtained by using the process: flotation-agitation leaching-solvent extraction-electro-winning.     

NH_3-(NH_4)_2SO_4体系浸析PCB污泥中铜的研究

利用NH3-(NH4)2SO4体系,对印刷电路板(printed circuit boards,PCB)生产过程中产生大量的含铜污泥中的铜进行浸析。对PCB污泥中重金属的质量分数进行了测定,其中铜在污泥中的质量分数为33.500%,其余金属质量分数较小。重点探讨了氨-硫酸铵浓度及pH、浸析时间、液固比、温度等条件对浸析率的影响。NH3-(NH4)2SO4体系对PCB污泥中铜浸析的最优条件为氨、硫酸铵浓度分别为3.0mol/L和1.5mol/L,液固比为20mL/g,浸析时间为180min,浸析温度为25℃。在最优条件下进行了浸析应用试验,结果表明铜的浸析率可达到97.5%,此方法的相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为0.63%。     

Dissolution kinetics of malachite in ammonia/ammonium sulphate solution

The dissolution kinetics of malachite was investigated in ammonia/ammonium sulphate solution. The effects of ammonia and ammonium sulphate concentration, pH, leaching time, reaction temperature, and particle size were determined. The results show that the optimum leaching conditions for malachite ore with a copper extraction more than 96.8% are ammonia/ammonium concentration 3.0 mol/L NH₄OH + 1.5 mol/L (NH₄)₂SO₄, liquid-to-solid ratio 25:1 mL/g, leaching time 120 min, stirring speed 500 r/min, reaction temperature 25 °C and particle size finer than 0.045 mm. The dissolution process of malachite with an activation energy of 26.75 kJ/mol is controlled by the interface transfer and diffusion across the product layer. A semi-empirical rate equation is obtained to describe the leaching process and the reaction orders with respect to concentration of ammonia and ammonium sulphate are 2.983 0 and 0.941 1, respectively.     

Extracting gold from pyrite roster cinder by ultra-fine-grinding and resin-in-pulp

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Electro-oxidation process for molybdenum concentrates

1　INTRODUCTIONRecovery of valuable metals, such as molyb denum, rhenium, and so on, from molybdeniteconstitutes a key issue in the field of chemical engi neering and metallurgy[1 7], which contains 2 mainaspects: one is the high efficiency and short flowclean production technics; the other is the compre hensive recovery of a variety of valuable metals.The traditional roasting processes present seriousproblem of SO2 pollution in fume, especially inmost of s…     

二氧化硫液相浸取低品位软锰矿的动力学

研究了液相中二氧化硫对低品位软锰矿的浸出行为。考察了液相搅拌转速、温度、二氧化硫浓度及pH对锰浸出率的影响,研究了软锰矿粒径及表面元素相对含量随锰浸出率的变化,并对其浸出的动力学模型进行了分析。实验结果表明,搅拌转速为400r/min时可消除外扩散对锰浸出率的影响。锰浸出率随温度、二氧化硫浓度的升高而增大,随pH的增大而减小。当锰浸出率为80%时,软锰矿粒径减小约20%,表面锰含量减小73%,硅元素含量增大18%。动力学研究结果表明,软锰矿的浸出过程为扩散-化学反应混合控制过程,反应的活化能为36.85KJ/mol,二氧化硫浓度、氢离子反应级数分别为1.5595和0.5884。     

采用酸浸法从废旧锂离子电池中回收金属钴

分别采用盐酸-30%过氧化氢、硫酸-30%过氧化氢和硝酸-30%过氧化氢为浸取液,回收锂离子电池正极材料中的金属钴,研究了浓度、温度、30%过氧化氢的量、反应时间、固-液比等对钴浸取率的影响.经响应面分析实验结果表明,盐酸-30%过氧化氢最适宜做浸取液,最佳工艺条件为:盐酸浓度为4.0 mol/L,盐酸-30%过氧化氢...     

Molybdenum removal from copper ore concentrate by sodium hypochlorite leaching

The removal of molybdenum from a copper ore concentrate by sodium hypochlorite leaching was investigated. The results show that leaching time, liquid to solid ratio, leaching ternperature, agitation speed, and sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide concentrations all have a significant effect on the removal of molybdenum. The optimum process operating parameters were found to be: time, 4 h: sodium hydroxide concentration, 10%; sodium hypochlorite concentration, 8%; liquid to solid ratio, 10:1; temperature, 50℃; and,agitation speed, 500 r/min. Under these conditions the extraction of molybdenum is greater than 99.9% and the extraction of copper is less than 0.01%. A shrinking particle model could be used to describe the leaching process. The apparent activation energy of the dissolution reaction was found to be approximately 8.8 kJ/mol.     

Leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system

The leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system was studied. The effects of ore particle size,reaction temperature and the sum concentration of ammonium ion and ammonia on the leaching efficiency of zinc were examined.The leaching kinetics of low-grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system follows the kinetic law of shrinking-core model. The results show that diffusion through the inert particle pores is the leaching kinetics rate controlling step. The calculated apparent activation energy of the process is about 7.057kJ/mol. The leaching efficiency of zinc is 92.1% under the conditions of ore particle size of 69μm, holding at 80℃ for 60min, sum ammonia concentration of 7.5mol/L, the molar ratio of ammonium to ammonia being 2:1, and the ratio (g/mL) of solid to liquid being 1:10.