Preparation and coagulation performance of hybrid coagulant polyacrylamide–polymeric aluminum ferric chloride

In this study, we synthesized a novel hybrid coagulant, polyacrylamide (PAM)–polymeric aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC), by the polymerization of acrylamide monomer with the redox system (NH₄)₂S₂O₈–NaHSO₃. The factors affecting the PAM–PAFC hybrid coagulant were investigated in an orthogonal experiment. The maximum intrinsic viscosity was observed at an initiator mass fraction of 0.5%, a polymerization temperature of 50 °C, a monomer mass fraction of 20%, and a polymerization time of 4 h, which were the optimum synthesis parameters. The spatial network structure of the PAM–PAFC hybrid coagulant was graphically determined by scanning electron microscopy. Hybrid PAM–PAFC was adopted to treat the kaolin–humic acid suspension and the synthetic dye wastewater. The effect of the coagulant dosage and pH on the coagulant experiments were examined. The coagulant experiment on the kaolin–humic acid suspension showed that the optimum treatment efficiency was achieved at a coagulants dosage of 0.6 mg/L, at which level the turbidity reductions with the inorganic PAFC coagulant, PAM–PAFC composite, and PAM–PAFC hybrid were 95.30%, 95.84%, and 98.38%, respectively. Treatment with the PAM–PAFC hybrid coagulant was also effective in removing Congo Red and Direct Fast Turquoise Blue GL; the color‐removal efficiencies for these dyes were higher than 93% and 94%, respectively. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46355.     

污水处理厂出水的聚硅硫酸铝铁混凝除磷研究

研究新型混凝剂聚硅硫酸铝铁(PSFA)对城市污水处理厂出水中磷的混凝去除效果,考察了混凝剂投加量、原水pH、与聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)复配等因素对混凝除磷效果的影响,同时进行了聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)和Al2(SO4)3混凝除磷效果的比较试验。结果表明,PSFA可有效降低城市污水处理厂出水TP含量,当投加量为36mg·L-1时,可以使出水TP的质量浓度从1.51mg·L-1下降到0.32mg·L-1,出水达到上海市地方标准DB31/199-2009规定的TP排放一级标准;PSFA混凝除磷适宜pH为6～10;PAM可以有效提高PSFA混凝除浊和除磷效果,减少混凝剂投加量;PSFA比PAC、PFS、Al2(SO4)3具有更好的混凝除磷效果,具有很好的应用前景。     

大淑村选煤厂煤泥水沉降试验研究

通过分析大淑村选煤厂煤泥水性质,说明选煤厂溢流水含有大量极细粒黏土矿物,导致煤泥水沉降效果差,介耗增加,选煤生产无法正常运行。针对以上问题,选煤厂选用聚合氯化铝（PAC）为凝聚剂,聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）为絮凝剂,研究了药剂对煤泥水沉降效果的影响,确定了凝聚剂和絮凝剂的添加方式和最佳用量,并选用聚合氯化铝铁（PAFC）代替PAC进行对照试验,验证PAC和PAM药剂组合的沉降效果。结果表明：随着凝聚剂用量的增加,煤泥水澄清效果逐渐变好,煤泥压缩效果变差;随着絮凝剂用量的增加,煤泥水沉降速度增加,煤泥压缩效果先增加后降低。PAC＋PAM是大淑村选煤厂的最佳药剂组合,PAM用量为500～700g／t,PAC用量为25～30kg／t时,煤泥水沉降效果最好。试验对改进大淑村选煤厂煤泥水沉降效果具有一定的指导意义。     

低温低浊河网水的有机高分子助凝处理研究

用不同特征黏度的聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDM)与聚合氯化铝(PAC)、两种市售无机复合聚铝分别复合,用以改进无机混凝剂对低温低浊微污染河网水的混凝脱浊效果。考察了无机混凝剂的种类及其与PDM的复合配比对低温低浊微污染河网水脱浊效果的影响。结果表明,对温度为7～10℃,浊度为4.5～8NTU的低温低浊河网水,在与实际生产相近的混凝搅拌强度下,要达到2NTU左右的出水余浊标准,PAC、复合聚铝1、复合聚铝2分别需4.0、3.5、2.8mg/L的投加量。而用特征黏度分别为0.52、1.47、2.46 dL/g的PDM配制的、无机复合聚铝与PDM复合质量比为20:1、10:1、5:1的复合混凝剂PAC/PDM、复合聚铝1/PDM、复合聚铝2/PDM,比单独使用同种无机混凝剂,分别约能减少10%～25%、8.6%～28.6%、7.1%～28.6%的无机药剂投加量,无机复合聚铝与PDM复合比例越低、PDM特征黏度越高,复合混凝剂脱浊效果越好。因此,PDM对低温低浊河网水具有明显的强化混凝脱浊效果。     

无机盐对PAC/PDM黏度行为和混凝性能的影响

该文考察了无机盐对聚合氯化铝(PAC)/聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDM)复合混凝剂黏度行为和混凝性的影响,进一步考察了两种影响的关联性。用乌氏黏度计测定了无机盐对PAC/PDM比浓黏度的影响,同时采用混凝烧杯考察了无机盐对PAC/PDM混凝脱浊效果的影响。结果表明,不同无机盐对复合混凝剂黏度行为有不同影响,影响强度顺序依次为AlCl3>MgCl2>NaCl,Na2SO4和Na3PO4使复合混凝剂产生白色沉淀;由混凝实验可知:对于复合混凝剂的混凝脱浊效果,AlCl3能使其明显提高,MgCl2和NaCl对其无明显影响,Na2SO4使其效果明显变差,Na3PO4使其效果先变差后变好。由此可见,在实验范围内,无机盐对复合混凝剂黏度行为的影响与其对复合混凝剂混凝性能的影响无显著关联性。     

CPAM的制备及其对环境激素DMP的去除

引言混凝沉降法作为提高水质处理效率的一种经济、简便的方法备受关注,而混凝处理过程中,混凝剂的种类、性质是混凝处理效果好坏的关键因素。其中有机高分子混凝剂更是成为近年来的研究热点[1-4]。聚丙烯酰胺作为一种高效的有机高分子混凝剂,具有正电荷密度高、相对分子质     

造纸黑液混凝处理中助凝剂的替代性研究

造纸黑液的处理常采用聚合氯化铝（PAC）作混凝剂、聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）作助凝剂。但是PAM价格很高,本文目的在于寻求一种PAM替代物。通过混凝实验比较,采用粉煤灰或高岭土作为助凝剂可以与PAM作为助凝剂达到相当的污染物去除效果。采用粉煤灰或高岭土作为助凝剂可以大大降低生产运行成本。     

光引发合成聚丙烯酰胺中的助剂影响及条件优化

采用光引发聚合技术合成聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）,探讨了助剂对聚合反应的影响。在添加助剂实验中,分别选用尿素、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、Tween80作为助剂,研究了其用量（相对于AM单体质量）对PAM分子量及溶解性能的影响,从而确定了最佳合成助剂是尿素。同时通过四因素三水平正交实验研究了单体质量分数（w）、尿素用量、引发时间及引发剂用量对产物性能的影响规律,通过对合成产物固含量、特性粘数等性能的测试,确定了最佳合成条件：w（AM）为20%,尿素用量为6%,引发剂用量为20μL,引发时间为90min。     

聚合氯化铝的混凝除磷性能研究

通过混凝除磷实验考察了聚合氯化铝 ( PAC)除磷的作用特征 ,探讨了除磷率随混凝 p H、PAC投加量等参数的变化规律 ,并采用酸溶一步法利用二种铝质固体废料制取了聚合氯化铝。实验表明 :PAC除磷效果与混凝时的 p H密切相关 ,在 p H为 5 .0～ 8.2的条件下除磷效果最佳 ,所制的 PAC的除磷效果与用 Al Cl3 · 6H2 O制成的 PAC的相当。     

Synthesis of starch-based flocculant by multi-component grafting copolymerization and its application in oily wastewater treatment

The grafting copolymerization of methacryloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC), acrylamide (AM) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) on starch was initiated by KMnO₄, HIO₄ and H₂SO₄ composite system. The modification of starch was combined its best attributes with those of inorganic and organic polymers and therefore enhanced the flocculation effect when it was used as flocculants by increasing the charge neutralization, adsorption bridging and aggregation ability. The main influence factors on oil removal ratio were investigated through orthogonal experimental design, and the optimal preparation conditions were obtained. The grafted copolymer was characterized through a series of physicochemical techniques (i.e., SEC-MALS, ¹³C MAS NMR, ²⁷Al NMR, FTIR, SEM, and TGA and XRD), which indicated the PAC, PAM and PDMC were successfully grafted on the starch.     

环保型絮凝剂处理自来水的实验研究

用天然高分子多糖（CTS）、聚合氯化铝（PAC）和助凝剂（改性物质P）等制备出一种环保型自来水复合絮凝剂,与传统的自来水絮凝剂PAC相比,这种絮凝剂使自来水的出水浊度、铝离子质量浓度和絮凝剂的药剂成本等分别下降了4．14％,40．3％和6．4％,具有明显的经济和环境效益。     

新水溶液均相法制备两性聚丙烯酰胺的研究

采用氧化还原引发体系与AIBA为复合分段引发剂,在绝热水溶液体系中进行丙烯酸钠／丙烯酰胺／丙烯酰氧基乙基三甲基氯化铵自由基共聚合。研究了聚合温度、氧化还原引发体系用量、AIBA用量、单体浓度、共聚单体中DAC、AM含量,复合分散剂用量及其HLB值等对聚合反应单体转化率和聚合物特性黏度的影响。聚合物特性黏度随引发剂用量和单体浓度的增大而增大的实验结果证实了该两性聚丙烯酰胺水溶液均相制备过程中凝胶效应的存在。     

复合聚铝处理秋季长江水脱浊研究

通过混凝烧杯实验,探讨了特征黏度系列化的聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDM)与液体聚合氯化铝(PAC)复合得到的稳定型复合混凝剂用于对秋季微污染长江水强化混凝处理效果。结果表明,对温度为16～18℃,浊度为70 NTU左右的秋季长江水,沉淀池出水在达到6 NTU的南京某水厂现行浊度标准的情况下,PAC需1.66mg/L的投加量,质量配比分别为20∶1、10∶1、5∶1的PAC(以Al2O3计)/PDM复合混凝剂所需投加量随特征黏度变化为1.38～1.26、1.19～1.14、1.16～1.13 mg/L,相对于PAC可减少投加量16.87%～24.10%、28.31%～31.32%、30.12%～31.93%。复合混凝剂还提高了絮体密实度与沉淀性能。由此可见,PDM明显改善了PAC的混凝脱浊效果,PAC/PDM复合比例越低,PDM特征黏度越高,脱浊效果与沉淀性能越好。考虑未来社会对水质的要求,若使沉淀池出水达到2 NTU左右,则PAC需3.35 mg/L左右的投加量,而复合比例分别为20∶1、10∶1、5∶1的复合混凝剂仍能比单独使用PAC减少19.10%～30.45%的投加量。     

Pretreatment of papermaking‐reconstituted tobacco slice wastewater by coagulation–flocculation

A study using coagulation–flocculation method for the treatment of papermaking‐reconstituted tobacco slice wastewater had been carried out. Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and polyferric sulfate (PFS) as coagulants, and four kinds of polyacrylamides (PAMs) as flocculants, were employed during the coagulation–flocculation process. The effects of three factors, that is, the dosage of coagulants, the dosage of flocculants and pH on the treatment efficiency of the process were evaluated. The results showed that the efficiencies of PAC and PFS on the reduction of COD, ammonia nitrogen (NH₃‐N) and total suspended solids (TSS) in the treated effluents were equivalent; however, the efficiency of PAC on the color reduction was much higher than that of PFS. In the presence of PAC, a cationic polyacrylamide with very high molecular weight and low charge density (i.e., PAM4) was found to give the highest coagulation–flocculation efficiency. At the optimal conditions, that is, pH of 6.5, PAC dosage of 500 mg/L, and PAM4 dosage of 5 mg/L, the reductions of COD, NH₃‐N, color, and TSS in the process were found to be 70.8, 84.8, 72.3, and 98.5%, respectively. The study also showed that the PAC‐PAM4 scheme can remove the most of aluminum from the raw water. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1092‐1097, 2013     

微波辅助法合成高分子量聚丙烯酰胺

以丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,水为溶剂,过硫酸铵(APS)和偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐(AIBA)为复合引发体系,采用微波辅助法制备聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)。研究了微波辐照功率、辐照时间、单体浓度、引发剂用量对聚丙烯酰胺分子量和单体残留率的影响,采用红外光谱(FT-IR)表征了聚合物产物结构,最后考察了剪切作用对PAM性能的影响。结果表明:采用微波辅助法制备的PAM反应时间短、能耗低、分子量高、单体残留率低;当微波功率为100 W,辐照时间为8 min,单体浓度为25%,引发剂用量为0.05%时产物分子量可达1050×104,并且单体残余量低;PAM的降解随着剪切时间的延长和剪切速度的加快而加快。     

Chemical modification of cashew gum with acrylamide using an ultrasound‐assisted method

A flocculant based on cashew gum (CG) grafted with polyacrylamide (PAM) was synthesized using potassium persulfate as the chemical initiator and ultrasound energy. The intrinsic viscosity, hydrodynamic radius, and grafting efficiency of the grafted copolymers (CG‐g‐PAM) were investigated at different monomer and initiator concentrations. The CG‐g‐PAM copolymers were evaluated in kaolin suspension and river water by using jar test procedure comparatively to a commercial flocculant (Flonex‐9045). Ultrasonication resulted in reduced reaction time and high grafting efficiency. The reaction gel point was reached within 10 min and the grafting efficiency was dependent on the acrylamide concentration. The grafted copolymer CG‐g‐PAM‐15²⁸⁵ obtained with 0.285 mmol of initiator showed higher hydrodynamic radius, with flocculation efficacy of 96% comparable with the flocculant Flonex‐9045. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43634.     

Enhanced Coagulation/Flocculation by Combining Diatomite with Synthetic Polymers for Oily Wastewater Treatment

The objectives are to evaluate the feasibility of treating oily wastewater using synthetic polymers (polyaluminum chloride (PAC), polyferric sulfate (PFS), and polyacrylamide (PAM)) combined with natural diatomite and to refine the operating parameters using diatomite as an adsorbent and a coagulant aid. The enhanced coagulation/flocculation by combining PAC with diatomite was investigated through mechanism analysis compared to the combination of PFS/PAM with diatomite, respectively. The effects of coagulant dose, initial pH, and settling time on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity were studied using PAC-diatomite in comparison with using PAC only. The enhanced coagulation/flocculation of diatomite with PAC was better than that with PFS/PAM in terms of COD/turbidity removal and floc settling characteristics, considering costs. The PAC-diatomite system reduced more than 70% of COD and 90% of turbidity over a wide pH range (7–10) within 20 min, with the optimum dose of PAC 50 mg/l and diatomite 1250 mg/l. The added diatomite effectively saved over 85% of PAC dose and simultaneously increased over 50% of COD removal efficiency. This study provided a novel and economical approach for diatomite utilization in the treatment of oily wastewater, satisfying the demands of reuse or reinjection into the ground.     

表面光催化引发合成阳离子聚丙烯酰胺及其表征

以纳米二氧化钛(Nano-TiO2)和尿素分别作为引发剂和增溶剂,采用表面光催化引发AM和DMC单体共聚,合成具有较高特性粘度和良好溶解度的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺P(AM-DMC),引发速度快、聚合效率高.通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、扫描电镜和差热-热重分析表征了聚合物的性质.优化实验研究了单因素对产物特性的影响,结果表明:...     

表面电位对煤泥水混凝过程的作用及影响

试验研究了无机凝聚剂CaCl2和聚合氯化铝(简称PAC)对煤泥水中煤泥表面ζ电位的影响,结果表明PAC更能降低煤泥表面的ζ电位;将两种药剂分别与聚丙烯酰胺(简称PAM)联合用于煤泥沉降试验,发现PAC与PAM联合应用时,煤泥沉降效果最佳。     

响应面法优化制备PAC-PDMDAAC杂化絮凝剂及其表征

以硅烷偶联剂KH570为改性剂,以过硫酸铵为引发剂,合成了聚合氯化铝-聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PAC-PDMDAAC）杂化絮凝剂。采用响应面分析法通过建立特征黏度与各因素之间的Box-Behnken数学模型,对杂化PAC-PDMDAAC的制备工艺进行优化,最优制备条件为：DMDAAC质量分数为33%,引发剂质量分数为0.6%,反应温度为64℃,反应时间为3 h。电导测试、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）及热重分析（TGA）结果表明PAC-PDMDAAC杂化产物的有机-无机组分间以共价键形式键合,性质稳定;扫描电镜（SEM）照片显示其结构疏松,粒度较大,更易发挥吸附架桥作用。