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陶瓷膜分离技术是目前国际上最新型的膜分离技术之一,可应用于生物发酵等工业过程中.通常这样的工业过程中涉及到搅拌都会产生泡沫,但是泡沫的产生对生产有不利影响,需要用到消泡剂消除泡沫.文章旨在研究消泡剂是否对陶瓷膜造成污染,消泡剂对陶瓷膜的污染机理,并寻求解决膜污染的清洗方案.实验结果表明,消泡剂在40℃下对陶瓷膜过滤造成了污染,聚醚消泡剂中PPG-4000污染最严重,有机硅消泡剂中道康宁1410污染最严重.使用0.5%D3-Ultra10碱性清洗剂和0.2%D3-Ultra75酸性清洗剂对污染后的陶瓷膜进行碱洗酸洗,能使膜通量得到很好的恢复. 相似文献
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混凝-陶瓷膜微滤处理阴极电泳漆废水研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出用混凝与陶瓷膜微滤组合工艺处理阴极电泳漆废水的方法,研究了pH值对CODCr去除率的影响,操作压差、膜面流速对膜通量的影响,得到了适宜的操作条件和有效的膜清洗方法.结果表明:料液pH值为6.7时,混凝过程对CODCr去除率的贡献约63%,之后的微滤使废水中CODCr的去除率增加到85%.采用平均孔径为0.2μm的氧化锆膜,在膜面流速4.2 m/s,压差0.10 MPa,温度30℃,膜稳定通量约250 L/(m2.h),渗透液可作为涂装车间循环冲洗水用.混凝作为前处理过程有助于提高膜的渗透通量,降低膜污染,改善出水水质. 相似文献
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面向中药复杂体系的陶瓷膜污染机理研究思路与方法 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
针对制约陶瓷膜精制中药技术的膜污染关键问题,依据现代分离科学基本原理,建立可科学表征中药水提液复杂体系的物理化学特征的标准技术规范,以具有代表性的中药及其复方为实验体系,采集膜过程相关参数,建立膜污染基础数据库,综合运用模式识别、人工智能、支持向量机等方法进行数据挖掘、知识发现.应用中药制剂学、物理化学、计算机化学、化学工程学,跨学科交叉研究中药水提液膜污染的规律,为类似复杂体系的膜污染机理与防治提供了一种全新的研究模式.用测试集进行预测,6种中药水提液膜污染度实际值、拟合值的均方误差为0.6%,所得模型拟合精度高,可满足拟合要求. 相似文献
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对于一体式陶瓷膜生物反应器,选择6种有代表性构型的多通道陶瓷膜进行了通量和运行稳定性方面的比较.结果表明:在纯水体系中,随着构型中渗透侧、原料侧面积比的增大,通量也增大;通道直径为4 mm的膜管由于易造成通道堵塞而不适合用于过滤活性污泥混合液;在相同的通量下运行,与产水通道相邻的渗透通道数量越多,其承担的工作负荷就越分散,该构型在运行中也就更有利于TMP(跨膜压差)的长期稳定;外膜的存在对于一体式陶瓷膜生物反应器的稳定运行是有意义的,有利于渗透通量的提高.综合考虑渗透通量以及过滤活性污泥体系的稳定性,4号构型的膜管较适合应用于一体式陶瓷膜生物反应器. 相似文献
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研究了陶瓷膜微滤Ti O2-PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)悬浆液体系,分析了微滤过程的膜阻力Rm、滤饼层阻力Rc和孔阻力Ri,并考察了反冲、湍流促进器的强化作用和相应的有效清洗方法.研究结果表明,微滤Ti O2悬浆液总阻力以膜自身阻力Rm为主,其次为滤饼层阻力Rc,反冲和湍流促进器均能显著降低微滤阻力,采用物理机械法和0.1 mol/L的HNO3溶液化学法均能有效实现膜清洗;微滤PAM水溶液及PAM-Ti O2悬浆液体系的总阻力以孔阻力Ri为主,其次为凝胶层阻力Rc,湍流促进器可有效降低微滤阻力,采用0.1 mol/L的HNO3溶液、0.1mol/L的NaOH溶液和质量分数1%H2O2溶液的组合清洗工艺,可使膜通量恢复率达到96.5%. 相似文献
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通过对不同孔径的ZrO2陶瓷膜在微滤过程中的阻力分布、高分子去除率、物理化学参数变化等的测定,分析污染物的存在状态或位置以及形成规律,探索无机陶瓷膜微滤中药药酒的污染机制.同时采用超声物理手段强化膜过程,寻求有效的膜污染防治手段.结果发现:对于本实验体系中药“三两半药酒”,膜孔径为0.2μm的ZrO2膜的污染度略低于0.05 μm孔径膜.两种孔径膜管的最主要污染源均表现在堵孔层,差异最大的是吸附阻力,孔径为0.05 μm的ZrO2膜的吸附阻力约为0.2μm孔径膜的两倍.膜对三两半药酒中蛋白质和淀粉的去除作用较显著.微滤后的药酒呈透明浅棕黄色,口感更香醇清爽,微滤前后的药效未见明显变化.经孔径为0.2μm的ZrO2陶瓷膜微滤后药酒的浊度变化最大,由49.0 NTU降至2.83 NTU,但药液的pH、电导率、黏度在微滤前后波动较小.超声强化对孔径为0.2 μm的ZrO2陶瓷膜通量提高率达36.3%. 相似文献
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N. Das S. Bandyopadhyay D. Chattopadhyay H. S. Maiti 《Journal of Materials Science》1996,31(19):5221-5225
Alumina membrane filters in the form of thin (0.3–0.8 mm) discs of 25–30 mm diameter suitable for microfiltration application, have been fabricated by the tape-casting technique. Their pore size could be varied in the range 0.1–0.7 m and porosity in the range 25%–55% through optimization of experimental parameters. The most important factor which determines the pore size, is the initial particle size of ceramic powders used for this purpose. Temperature of firing, and also the soaking time are crucial parameters which determine the porosity. Water permeability under suction conditions varies in the range 110–900 lm–2h–1 depending on porosity, pore size and thickness of the membrane. Most of these membranes, particularly those with pore sizes less than 0.5 m, are found to be suitable for complete removal of bacteria from water and are also reusable after cleaning by acid or heat sterilization. 相似文献
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《Advanced Powder Technology》2006,17(2):189-206
The effects of particle size on the cake properties and the performance of cross-flow microfiltration are studied. A particulate sample with a wide size distribution range from submicron to micron is used in experiments. The probabilities of particle deposition are analyzed based on a force analysis. Since themajor forces in determining the particle deposition and packing in the filter cake are different for submicron and micron particles, the particle size plays an important role in the filtration performance. Cake properties, such as mass, porosity and average specific filtration resistance of the cake, are calculated theoretically and compared with experimental data. Except for the overestimation of the mean particle size for about 1 μm, the calculated results of the pseudo-steady filtration rate and cake properties under various operating conditions agree fairly well with the experimental data. 相似文献
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管式陶瓷微滤膜的制备研究 总被引:16,自引:2,他引:16
以陶瓷微滤膜的工业化生产为目标,详细研究了原料的分散、分级和粉碎过程,采用陶瓷作粘结剂,成功地制备出孔径在0.8μm以上的管式微滤膜并实现其工业化生产.本工作所生产的管式陶瓷微滤膜具有良好的强度、化学稳定性和渗透性能,其纯水通量为10-2L/m2·h·Pa,细菌截留率在99.999%以上,可以用于工业微滤过程. 相似文献
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硅藻土梯度陶瓷微滤膜的饮用水净化 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
研究了硅藻土梯度陶瓷微滤膜对自来水的净化性能。结果表明,平均孔径为0.15μm的梯度陶瓷膜,可100%滤除水中的大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金葡萄球菌和霉菌等致病病菌以及铁锈、红虫和各种悬浮微粒。通过简单的机械清刷,通量可完全恢复,无膜的深层污染和孔隙堵塞,可有效地防止净水的再次污染,一个10英寸(1英寸=25.4mm)的标准滤芯可净化普通自来水50m^3以上。 相似文献
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Ilyes Jedidi Sami Saïdi Sabeur Khemakhem Andr Larbot Najwa Elloumi-Ammar Amine Fourati Aboulhassan Charfi Abdelhamid Ben Salah Raja Ben Amar 《Journal of hazardous materials》2009,172(1):152-158
This work aims to develop a new mineral porous tubular membrane based on mineral coal fly ash. Finely ground mineral coal powder was calcinated at 700 °C for about 3 h. The elaboration of the mesoporous layer was performed by the slip-casting method using a suspension made of the mixture of fly-ash powder, water and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The obtained membrane was submitted to a thermal treatment which consists in drying at room temperature for 24 h then a sintering at 800 °C. SEM photographs indicated that the membrane surface was homogeneous and did not present any macrodefects (cracks, etc…). The average pore diameter of the active layer was 0.25 μm and the thickness was around 20 μm. The membrane permeability was 475 l/h m2 bar.This membrane was applied to the treatment of the dying effluents generated by the washing baths in the textile industry. The performances in term of permeate flux and efficiency were determined and compared to those obtained using a commercial alumina microfiltration membrane. Almost the same stabilised permeate flux was obtained (about 100 l h−1 m−2). The quality of permeate was almost the same with the two membranes: the COD and color removal was 75% and 90% respectively. 相似文献