基于改进型Weibull密度分布的H.264视频率失真模型研究

通过对视频信源的统计分析,本文提出一种改进型Weibull密度分布,并据此密度分布建立一个新的率失真模型。文章通过使用Weibull概率密度函数,逼近实际DCT系数分布,并通过编码熵理论和失真分析,将模型表示成为两个关于视频编码量化步长的函数,即码率量化(R-Q)模型和失真量化(D-Q)模型,进而估计编码码率和量化失真。仿真结果表明,该密度分布比Cauchy密度分布更逼近于实际视频序列的DCT系数统计特性,并且该模型较基于Cauchy密度分布的率失真模型能够更为精确地估计实际编码码率和失真性能。      

微孔分布范围对穿孔板吸声性能的影响

根据渗入工艺加工微穿孔板吸声结构产生的微孔不规则分布的特点,研究了微孔不同分布范围的穿孔板的吸声特性。研究发现,随着微孔分布范围的逐渐缩小,穿孔板的共振频率逐渐向低频方向移动。随着穿孔分布范围的变化,微穿孔板的表面法向声阻变化不大,表面法向声抗相对较大。利用穿孔板理论对微孔不同分布范围的穿孔板的吸声特性进行模拟,发现穿孔板理论仅适用于微孔分布范围较大的穿孔板。通过分析穿孔板阻抗的作用,使其在微孔分布范围较小的情况下,也能模拟穿孔板的吸声性能。     

基于战术通信网的无线参数分发研究

随着战术通信网的不断发展,网络规模越来越大,分布地域越来越广,传统的网络开通方式是采用人工方式进行离线参数分发,但是面临分发耗时长、容易出错、效率低下的问题。为解决此问题,建立了一种无线参数分发通信模型,提出了无线参数分发算法,采用QoS优先级、zip压缩和动态传输速率技术。该算法具有较好的操作系统适应性,理论上能支持多种频谱的电台。在模拟环境通过实验验证了该算法的可行性,具有很高的分发成功率和很短的分发时间,为战术通信网参数分发提供了一种解决方案。     

Modeling and harmonic suppression for power distribution systems

Expansion of voltage distortions along power distribution systems, which is referred to as the harmonic propagation, is pointed out. This is caused by the LC resonances between the distribution line inductances and the power capacitors. This paper presents a modeling and harmonic suppression procedure for power distribution systems. In our proposal, the power distribution system is analyzed based on the modal analysis and it is represented by a reduced-order model. For the harmonic suppression, a series active filter is used and its controller is designed based on the reduced-order model so as to cancel the dominant LC resonances in the power distribution system. Some significant characteristics are verified by experiments using a single-phase power distribution system.     

A new empirical distribution for the uncertainty analysis of the top event of a fault tree

A new empirical statistical distribution is reported, which describes the probability distribution of the unavailability Q_TOP for the top event of a fault tree. The distribution can be fitted using linear regression analysis. Investigations into the fit of the new distribution are reported, and as specific examples, two fault trees described in Reactor Safety Study are studied. The proposed distribution fits very well in both the cases, as shown by the χ² test. For comparison, Johnson's S_L and S_B distributions, the log-normal distribution and the hybrid log-normal distribution are fitted to the same fault trees using the exact regression analysis method. Johnson's S_B distribution cannot be fitted in the case of one of the fault trees as the necessary iterative process does not converge. For the other fault tree, the S_B distribution fits very well. Johnson's S_L distribution, the log-normal distribution and the hybrid log-normal distribution do not fit as well as the distribution proposed here and the χ² test failed. Also, Johnson's distributions require the use of either an approximate method, involving a number of trials and errors, or non-linear regression analysis for fitting. The proposed distribution can, on the other hand, be fitted exactly using linear regression analysis and is, therefore, no more difficult to fit than the log-normal distribution. It is therefore concluded that the proposed distribution is most suited to describe the probability distribution of the unavailability for the top event of fault tree. Its suitability as a substitute for Johnson's distributions is also investigated. As specific examples, two statistical distributions in a text-book, for which fitting of Johnson's distributions has been suggested, are studied. The proposed distribution fits very well, as shown by the χ² test. The proposed distribution is thus a good substitute for Johnson's S_B distribution.     

Discrete-time, discrete-frequency, time-frequency analysis

A formulation of a discrete-time, discrete-frequency Wigner distribution for analysis of discrete-time, periodic signals is given using an approach involving group representation theory. This approach is motivated by a well-known connection between group theory and the continuous Wigner distribution. The advantage of this approach is that the resulting discrete distribution satisfies mathematical properties analogous to those satisfied by the continuous distribution. After outlining the relationship between group representation theory and time-frequency analysis, we derive the discrete distribution and exhibit many of its mathematical properties. These include time and frequency marginals, the Weyl correspondence, and covariance. In particular, the interpretation of covariance for the discrete distribution is shown to be different than that for the continuous distribution. Finally, we note some unusual features of this discrete distribution, which are a consequence of the group-theoretic derivation     

On-Chip Power Distribution Grids With Multiple Supply Voltages for High-Performance Integrated Circuits

On-chip power distribution grids with multiple supply voltages are discussed in this paper. Two types of interdigitated and paired power distribution grids with multiple supply voltages and multiple grounds are presented. Analytic models are also developed to estimate the loop inductance in four types of proposed power delivery schemes. Two proposed schemes, fully and pseudo-interdigitated power delivery, reduce power supply voltage drops as compared to conventional interdigitated power distribution systems with dual supplies and a single ground by, on average, 15.3% and 0.3%, respectively. The performance of the proposed on-chip power distribution grids is compared to a reference power distribution grid with a single supply and a single ground. The voltage drop in fully interdigitated and fully paired power distribution grids with multiple supplies and multiple grounds is reduced, on average, by 2.7% and 2.3%, respectively, as compared to the voltage drop of an interdigitated power distribution grid with a single supply and a single ground. The proposed power distribution grids are a better alternative to a single supply voltage and a single ground power distribution system. On-chip resonances in power distribution grids with decoupling capacitors are intuitively explained in this paper, and circuit design implications are provided. It is also noted that fully interdigitated and fully paired power distribution grids with multiple supply voltages and multiple grounds are recommended to decouple power supply voltages.     

配电网重要客户停电损失及补救措施

配电网的重要客户是国民经济的重要支柱,也是电网企业的用电大户,而且配电网总体停电损失中的大部分是配电网重要客户的停电损失。本文介绍了估算配电网内各重要客户停电损失值的估算方法,即建立基于配电网重要客户的负荷模型、建立配电网系统模型以及建立配电网重要客户的停电费用损失的模型,并在此基础上提出针对配电网重要客户停电的补救措施。     

A multiscale model for MPEG-4 varied bit rate video traffic

This paper studies modeling approach of MPEG-4 VBR video traffic based on multifractal multiplicative model. Multiscale analysis reveals that the multiplier distribution is different in style on different time scales. Based on statistical characteristics of the multipliers, a composite modeling approach is proposed: Gaussian distribution is used to fit multiplier distribution at large time scales, a new statistical distribution-Symmetric Pareto distribution to fit multiplier distribution at small time scales and a linear model to model frame traffic. Simulations are performed to validate the good effect of this approach.     

Performance analysis of a duplex multicast switch

A multicast switching architecture called a duplex multicast switch is proposed, and several switch control algorithms are developed. A duplex multicast switch, with two point-to-point routing nets, has potential to provide significantly better performance than a simplex multicast switch by reducing the output loadings of routing nets. To fully realize its potential, two call distribution algorithms, cluster distribution and spread distribution, are developed. Cluster distribution is partitioned into partial search cluster distribution and exhaustive search cluster distribution based on search policies, and the performance of the three algorithms is analyzed by the arrival modulation technique. The results show that a spread distribution eliminates most slot contention blocking and achieves near-optimal performance     

On efficacy of Rayleigh‐inverse Gaussian distribution over K‐distribution for wireless fading channels

For studying performance characteristics of radio channels, the knowledge about the probability density function (pdf) of fading–shadowing effects is essential. K‐distribution corresponding to Rayleigh–gamma distribution (RGD) is widely used to approximate a more realistic Rayleigh–lognormal distribution (RLD) which does not have a closed form expression. A new composite Rayleigh‐inverse Gaussian distribution (RIGD), an alternative to K‐distribution, is analyzed with regards to its suitability and effectiveness in radio channels. Detailed investigations are made to study the performance characteristics of RIGD and K‐distribution (RGD) in terms of Kullback–Leibler (KL) measure of divergence. Based on these investigations, it is found that RIGD is better suited for capturing fading–shadowing aspects of radio channels instead of K‐distribution. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A modification of Bayesian approach in nuclear plant data analysis

A deficiency in the previously used two-stage Bayes method is revealed, and a shortcoming is demonstrated when a posterior distribution is used updatingly as the prior distribution to calculate a new posterior distribution after obtaining new test data. The example of a conjugated Beta-binomial is discussed and it is proved that the variance of the new posterior distribution obtained may decrease remarkably with increase in the updating test data. However, the test data are not in accord with the small variance. Finally, a modified Bayesian method is proposed to remedy the above deficiency.     

基于空间分布熵的随机辐射源布局优化

针对微波凝视关联成像中,随机辐射源布局优化以随机辐射场矩阵的有效秩最大化为准则时面临目标函数计算复杂、效率太低的问题,提出了一种基于空间分布熵的布局优化方法。首先,构建了一种以空间分布熵来定量表征随机辐射源布局随机性的方法,并通过仿真分析验证了随机辐射源的空间分布熵与随机辐射场矩阵的有效秩之间的总体正相关性;然后,采用遗传算法以空间分布熵最大化为准则对随机辐射源布局进行了优化;最后,通过成像仿真验证了随机辐射源布局优化能有效提高微波凝视关联成像性能。     

Assessing the inverse Gaussian distribution assumption

Two easily applied goodness-of-fit tests for the inverse Gaussian distribution are discussed. One of these tests is the familiar Kolmogorov-Smirnov one-sample test that is applied when the form of a probability distribution is completely specified. When the parameters of the distribution are unknown, as is more typical, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test cannot be directly applied. In this instance, a transformation that uses a distributional result relating the Student-t distribution to the inverse Gaussian distribution allows the Lilliefors test of normality to be adapted to test the inverse Gaussian distribution assumption     

硅片缺陷粒径分布参数的提取方法

利用电学测量方法,给出了在集成电路制造过程中,影响光刻工艺的各种颗粒尘埃(缺陷)的粒径分布参数提取方法.首先基于双桥微电子测试结构,通过具体制造工艺得到数据,然后处理得到故障的粒径分布.再利用缺陷与故障之间的关系,进一步推导出缺陷粒径分布的参数.结果表明该方法适合于不同的缺陷粒径分布模型,而且得到的参数可以用于集成电路成品率预测.     

LT码中高效联合度分布的设计

度分布是影响数字喷泉码性能的关键因素。传统的经典度分布如理想孤子分布、鲁棒孤子分布、二进制指数分布等,由于其明显的性能缺陷,已不能满足日益增长的多媒体业务的需求。为了设计一种性能优良的度分布,提出了两种新的联合度分布设计方案。首先,将泊松分布和滑动-鲁棒孤子分布相结合,构成一个比例系数的联合度分布;然后,将泊松分布、理想孤子分布、滑动-鲁棒孤子分布这三种度分布相结合,构成两个比例系数的联合度分布;最后,通过仿真查找的方法确定两种方案中的比例系数的最优值。仿真结果表明,提出的两种新方案和已知的经典度分布、单比例系数的联合度分布相比较,在译码成功率、误码率等性能指标上都有大幅提升。     

A resolution comparison of several time-frequency representations

Two signal components are considered resolved in a time-frequency representation when two distinct peaks can be observed. The time-frequency resolution limit of two Gaussian components, alike except for their time and frequency centers, is determined for the Wigner distribution, the pseudo-Wigner distribution, the smoother Wigner distribution, the squared magnitude of the short-time Fourier transform, and the Choi-Williams distribution. The relative performance of the various distributions depends on the signal. The pseudo-Wigner distribution is best for signals of this class with only one frequency component at any one time, the Choi-Williams distribution is most attractive for signals in which all components have constant frequency content, and the matched filter short-time Fourier transform is best for signal components with significant frequency modulation. A relationship between the short-time Fourier transform and the cross-Wigner distribution is used to argue that, with a properly chosen window, the short-time Fourier transform of the cross-Wigner distribution must provide better signal component separation that the Wigner distribution     

Lognormal Sum Approximation with a Variant of Type IV Pearson Distribution

In this paper, a variant of the Type IV Pearson distribution is proposed to approximate the distribution of the sum of lognormal random variables. Numerical and computer simulations show that independent of the statistical characteristics of the lognormal sum distribution, the Type IV Pearson variant outperforms the standard Type IV Pearson distribution and the normal variant distribution in accurately approximating the lognormal sum distribution for a whole probability range.     

A simple procedure for Bayesian estimation of the Weibull distribution

Practical use of Bayesian estimation procedures is often associated with difficulties related to elicitation of prior information, and its formalization into the respective prior distribution. The two-parameter Weibull distribution is a particularly difficult case, because it requires a two-dimensional joint prior distribution of the Weibull parameters. The novelty of the procedure suggested here is that the prior information can be presented in the form of the interval assessment of the reliability function (as opposed to that on the Weibull parameters), which is generally easier to obtain. Based on this prior information, the procedure allows constructing the continuous joint prior distribution of Weibull parameters as well as the posterior estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the estimated reliability function (or the CDF) at any given value of the exposure variable. A numeric example is discussed as an illustration. We additionally elaborate on a new parametric form of the prior distribution for the scale parameter of the exponential distribution. This distribution is not a Gamma (as might intuitively be expected); its mode is available in a closed form, and the mean is obtainable through a series approximation.     

串联系统的备件配置方法

针对非指数分布串联系统的备件配置问题,首先根据指数分布的良好特性,建立指数分布串联系统的备件需求预测和配置模型;然后根据期望累积失效相等的原则,将非指数分布等效成指数分布。在此基础上,利用指数分布串联系统的备件模型近似地计算非指数分布串联系统的备件需求量。并以几种典型非指数分布的串联系统为例,如Weibull分布、正态分布和Gamma分布,分别给出了给定时间内的备件配置结果。通过Monte-Carlo模拟仿真,结果表明比实际略偏保守,且与经典方法相比,具有计算过程简单,预测时间更长与可操作性更强的优点,满足实际的保障要求,能够为工程应用带来方便。