Embedding built environments in social–ecological systems: resilience-based design principles

Globalization, the process by which local settlements and ecosystems are becoming linked in a global network, presents policy scientists and planners with difficult design challenges. Coping with either natural or built environments in isolation is extremely challenging in its own right (e.g. built environments at different scales: a single building, a collection of buildings, a neighbourhood or a city are in themselves very complex). In the Anthropocene era, where human activities shape the planetary system in which built and natural environments are becoming more tightly linked across scales, these complex systems need to be considered as elements in a global network, i.e. as a coupled social–ecological system (SES) at the global scale. In the context of this spiralling complexity, multi-scale and multilevel processes become more important and design/management problems become extraordinarily difficult. Preliminary ideas are explored for how research on this multilevel design problem might proceed. Specifically, based on combining insights from a collection of theories and models based on resilience and robustness concepts, the basic elements of a new approach are presented that recognizes the importance of self-organizing processes at multiple scales and emphasizes the use of feedbacks to link these processes across scales.     

城市综合减灾规划设计战略研究——SARS留给城市可持续发展的重大启示

本文以在全球蔓延的 SARS灾害为例 ,研究了这场突发危机事件对中国及北京城市安全所产生的威胁。特别从城市现代化规划设计、综合应急管理等方面 ,分析了 SARS给城市安全留下了深刻教训及启示     

Three Points Approach (3PA) for urban flood risk management: A tool to support climate change adaptation through transdisciplinarity and multifunctionality

Urban flood risk is increasing as a consequence of climate change and growing impervious surfaces. Increasing complexity of the urban context, gradual loss of tacit knowledge and decreasing social awareness are at the same time leading to inadequate choices with respect to urban flood risk management (UFRM). The European Flood Risk Directive emphasises the need for non-structural measures aimed at urban resilience and social preparedness. The Three Points Approach (3PA) provides a structure facilitating the decision making processes dealing with UFRM. It helps to accept the complexity of the urban context and promotes transdisciplinarity and multifunctionality. The 3PA introduces three domains wherein water professionals may act and where aspects valued by different stakeholders come into play: (1) technical optimisation, dealing with standards and guidelines for urban drainage systems; (2) spatial planning, making the urban area more resilient to future changing conditions; and (3) day-to-day values, enhancing awareness, acceptance and participation among stakeholders. Based on in-depth interviews conducted in The Netherlands and Denmark, we describe the complexity of decision making in practical UFRM and explain how the 3PA can be used when organising participatory processes. We introduce a theoretical framework characterising the large range of aspects involved in decision making related to UFRM and evaluate the usefulness of the 3PA in dealing with it. We conclude that the 3PA offers water managers and operators an efficient communication tool and thinking system, which helps to reduce complexity to a level suitable when organising strategy plans for UFRM and urban adaptation to climate change.     

从成都市水治理看城市生态建设可持续发展 --成都市活水公园的实践与思考

随着我国的城市化建设,各大城市都面临着严重的生态环境恶化的问题。如何解决这些问题,也成了政府部门的头等大事。本文结合成都市水治理的突出成效,对城市的生态建设和可持续发展展开了思考。     

某区宝圣湖水环境综合治理

水环境治理是一个涉及面广、关系复杂的综合工程,必须按照可持续发展战略和科学思想,将水环境整治融入社会经济发展中,实现生态环境与投资环境协调共进的模式。该文以某区宝圣湖水环境的综合治理工程为例,对综合治理的两个重要组成部分:湖底清淤和人工复氧工程的实施过程进行重点阐述。     

从大庆市生态供水规划谈水资源的综合利用

结合大庆市生态系统供水规划,对大庆市水资源状况及农、林、渔、牧业发展用水情况进行了介绍,并详细论述了生态发展与水资源的关系。对大庆市生态建设中各行业用水量进行了预测,并根据水资源情况对大庆市供水水源进行了科学的规划和合理调配。强调大庆市由资源型城市向多元化生态型城市转变时,水资源的综合利用十分重要。     

基于生态水利工程的河道治理研究

近年来,部分中小湖泊、水库已出现不同程度的富营养化,严重影响了城镇居民的生活。若要实现人与自然的和谐共生,则需要把河道治理作为城市规划建设中的重点工作。为了提高生态水利工程中河道治理水平,文章首先阐述了生态水利建设的意义和原则,然后重点研究了河道治理措施和生态水利建设方法,以供参考。     

生态社区的规划建设理念

分析了生态社区的内涵及其在国内外的研究进展情况,从理论依据和建设内容两方面对生态社区的构建进行了探讨;指出我国目前生态社区建设过程中的不足之处,以及实施这一先进理念对我国21世纪全面建设和谐社会进程的重大意义。     

Estimating irrigation water demand for green spaces in humid areas: seeking a sustainable water management strategy

Quantifying the irrigation water demand of green spaces (IWDG) is an important part of smart urban water management. However, the IWDG in humid cites is not well characterized. Moreover, the alteration of natural hydrological processes caused by urbanization leading to the dependence of green spaces on irrigation is becoming more common. To better understand the IWDG in humid areas, we developed an estimation model and used the Yangtze River Delta in China as a case study. Results showed that the amount of water required by the green spaces in the Yangtze River Delta was approximately 354 × 10⁶ m³, which was equivalent to 12% of the urban residential water consumption in 2011. This study also investigated the spatial-temporal changes of urban green spaces and estimated their effects on irrigation water demand. These findings provide policymakers an integrated view of the water demand of green spaces associated with sustainable management.     

水资源管理方式的分类及效果比较

针对我国当前的水政策改革议题，首先基于社会水循环概念，讨论了水资源管理的科学定义和主要内容；其次依据配置机制、管理的着眼点、管理区域以及管理机构的不同，对各种水资源管理方式在实现水资源可持续利用过程中的效果做了比较。     

基于弹性思维的生态敏感地区新城发展研究——以武汉市花山生态新城为例

生态系统与人类社会系统是生态敏感地区可持续发展的重要内容,弹性思维是指导这一地区可持续发展管理的理论基础。弹性思维的核心思想是系统在变化,忽视或者抵触变化就使得人们更容易受到伤害,理性的方式应该是敞开怀抱迎接这些变化。在弹性思维的指导下构建生态敏感地区新城发展框架:在规划中融入生态容量控制与建设规模预测;在规划与实施之间构建面向可实施的指标体系;在实施过程中通过反馈机制影响决策,确保规划的准确落地。最后以武汉花山生态新城为例进行了验证与探索。     

英、美、德绿色基础设施规划案例对于中国的借鉴意义

在国家空间规划转型的背景下,通过对比英国、美国、德国的绿色基础设施规划案例,探讨适宜中国国情的绿色基础设施或生态空间规划体系。发现：德国绿色基础设施规划流程体系更为完善;美国绿色基础设施规划是在城市更新的背景下发展演化而来的;英国的绿色基础设施规划更注重乡村的地方特色保护。我国地理环境的多样性,城乡结构的复杂性决定我国的绿色基础设施规划需要区别、借鉴国外的体系。主要建议包括：理念上,树立自然资源的综合价值观;体系上,通过借鉴德国绿色基础设施来建构一个以自然资源价值为先导的法律依托,进而在不同层级构建系统的绿色基础设施或生态空间规划体系、方法途径与制图规范;方法上,要区别对待乡村和城市,探索各自适宜的思路与方法体系,如：城市应借鉴美国费城的规划思路,乡村地区则需参考英国案例。     

大学校园生态规划理念初探

通过分析我国高校校园规划、建设方面存在的诸多问题，提出了生态校园的概念，探讨了进行生态校园规划的必要性，并从校园弹性规划、合理利用资源、绿化规划等方面论述了生态校园的规划策略，从而为大学校园的规划提出了新思路、新理念。     

城市规划设计中生态优先方法的探讨

针对城市规划设计中生态优先的方法进行了探讨,简单介绍了生态优先的涵义及生态优先理念的形成,从城市规模和布局,可持续发展理念及相关政策三方面具体阐述了城市规划中实现生态优先的方法,以呼吁大家加强对生态环境的重视。     

浅议生态城市规划

阐述了生态城市的概念,回顾了生态城市的探索与发展,介绍了国内外生态城市的规划建设情况,分析总结了其经验教训,并在此基础上论述了对生态城市规划理论的提出和应用方面的认识,最后,展望了生态城市规划建设的发展前景。     

城市水系统及其综合规划

城市水系统是城市复杂大系统的重要组成部分,是水的自然循环和社会循环在城市空间的耦合系统,涉及城市水资源开发、利用、保护和管理的全过程.城市水系统规划是实施水安全战略、落实城市规划目标和任务、促进水系统健康循环的重要手段.本文以系统科学理论为指导,系统分析现行涉水规划的主要特征及存在的问题,构建旨在改进现行涉水规划的城市水系统规划体系框架,重点阐述了城市水系统综合规划的定位、目标、原则和主要任务,并建议将其纳入城市规划编制体系,与城市总体规划同步编制、同步实施.     

产业新城可持续发展规划的实践应用

以惠州潼湖大学创新园的产业新城规划为研究案例,梳理了产业新城的国际发展历程与国内现状.根据现状条件分析产城融合与区域联动发展的形式,构建区域综合产业体系,突出当地"产学研"特色空间弹性规划,针对企业不同发展阶段进行产业空间设计,并在保护当地生态系统完整性的基础上进行规划设计.在此基础上,进一步提出在产业新城建设中实现绿...     

控制性详细规划的几点思考

简要分析了控制性详细规划产生、发展以至日趋成熟的过程 ,提出了目前存在及今后发展应注意的几个问题。     

关于天津市武清区建设生态新城的思考

阐述了生态城市的涵义及标准,结合天津市武清区新城规划建设实例,介绍了该区的城市建设与生态环境现状,分析了生态环境不断恶化的原因,同时提出了相应的措施,从而实现城市建设的可持续发展。