超高相对分子质量聚乙烯/碳纳米管复合纤维的制备

利用冻胶纺丝的方法制备了超高相对分子质量聚乙烯／碳纳米管(UHMWPE／CNTs)复合纤维,以高锰酸钾和硫酸为氧化剂对CNTs进行纯化处理,用DNZ-201钛酸酯对纯化处理后的CNTs进行功能化处理。采用TEM、SEM和FTIR对CNTs的形态、基团变化和CNTs在UHMWPE中的分散情况进行测试。结果表明,该氧化剂对CNTs的纯化有良好的效果,可以除去大部分附在CNTs上的杂质,产生了有利于功能化的有机基团;SEM和TEM测试结果表明,功能化处理后CNTs可以较为均匀地分散在UHMWPE基体中,没有出现明显的CNTs的团聚现象,而且使UHMWPE大分子排列趋于规整。     

表面活性剂应用于碳纳米管分散处理的研究现状

由于碳纳米管(CNTs)的强分子间作用力使得在水溶液和其他体系中确保其具有良好分散性一直是一个挑战,致使CNTs复合材料功能化和可靠性的进展要求探索出完善的处理工艺,以发挥其优异的机械、电学、磁学和光学性能。而表面活性剂对CNTs结构的非共价化学修饰能确保处理后的CNTs结构的完整性,从而成为广泛使用的分散剂。本文综述了各种表面活性剂处理CNTs的应用研究,并分析了其分散机理,同时也总结了近来利用表面功能化分散CNTs的一些双亲分散剂的应用研究。在此基础上给出表面活性剂应用于分散CNTs的研究方向,并为今后的研究提供一些建议。     

高性能CNTs/EP纳米复合材料的制备及固化行为

从CNTs/环氧树脂纳米复合材料界面作用和CNTs在环氧树脂中的分散性、CNTs功能化和CNTs在环氧树脂中的定向排列等方面,详细介绍了高性能CNTs/环氧树脂纳米复合材料的制备方法.同时综述了CNTs/环氧树脂体系的固化反应机理和固化反应动力学等研究现状.不仅对现有研究结果进行了深入分析,还探讨了CNTs/环氧树脂纳米复合材料研究所面临的困难和挑战.     

UHMWPE/CNTs复合纤维的制备及其性能研究

通过对碳纳米管(CNTs)进行纯化功能化处理,采用凝胶纺丝制备了UHMWPE/CNTs复合纤维;利用激光拉曼光谱研究了纤维中CNTs的取向排列、结晶结构,探讨了复合纤维的蠕变性能及力学性能。结果表明:经纯化和功能化的CNTs轮廓清楚,在白油中的分散稳定性大大提高,随着纤维拉伸倍数的提高,CNTs趋向于沿着纤维取向方向排列,纤维结晶度提高;随着CNTs含量的增加,复合纤维的拉伸强度和杨氏模量呈现先升高后下降趋势,而断裂伸长率和蠕变率逐渐下降;添加质量分数2%的CNTs的复合纤维同UHM-WPE纤维相比,其蠕变量降低,拉伸强度和杨氏模量分别提高了29.3%和18.9%。     

原子层沉积氧化锌功能化碳纳米管织物及其光催化特性

以二乙基锌和去离子水为前驱体,利用原子层沉积(ALD)在自支撑碳纳米管(CNT)织物上沉积氧化锌(ZnO)对其进行了功能化;考察了ALD沉积过程中功能化织物的微观形貌、晶型结构、表面性质及光催化性能.实验结果表明,ZnO最初在CNTs表面生长为纳米颗粒,随ALD循环次数的增加,逐渐形成包覆CNTs的保形生长层,改变AL...     

Mn-FeOx/PDOPA@CNTs催化剂的原位制备及低温脱硝性能

利用聚多巴胺(PDOPA)对碳纳米管(CNTs)进行温和改性,赋予CNTs二次功能化平台.结合高锰酸钾与氯化铁间的氧化还原反应及聚多巴胺上邻苯二酚官能团对阳离子的吸附作用,实现活性组分在CNTs表面的原位负载,得到低温脱硝活性优良的Mn-FeOx/PDOPA@CNTs催化剂.当(Mn+ Fe)/CNTs =0.07时(...     

功能化改性碳纳米管接枝聚氯乙烯复合材料的制备及性能研究(一)——功能化改性碳纳米管的制备与表征

采用搅拌相转移酯化接枝反应、超声波酯化接枝反应和机械力相转移酯化接枝反应等方法制备了7种功能化改性碳纳米管,采用TGA考察了产物的接枝率和CNTs含量,并采用XPS和拉曼光谱进行了表征.TGA结果表明,适宜的制备工艺为:以羧基化CNTs、CEB为原料,以TOAB为催化剂,通过搅拌相转移酯化接枝反应来制备.XPS和拉曼光谱分析结果表明:CNTs表面成功接枝了功能性甲基苯乙烯基,并且上述适宜的制备工艺对CNTs管壁的损伤很小.     

CNTs/TDE85环氧复合材料的热物理和力学性能

将功能化碳纳米管(CNTs)通过超声和离心分散方法添加到TDE85环氧树脂中,制备出了CNTs质量含量不同的CNTs/TDE85复合材料;开展了CNTs含量对其电导率、热导率以及力学性能影响规律的实验研究;同时还采用DM软件对该复合材料的电导率和热导率进行了预测分析。结果表明,CNTs/TDE85复合材料电导率与热导率对应CNTs含量的渗流阈值均为0.2wt%左右,当CNTs含量为0.5wt%,相比纯环氧试样,电导率提高了6个数量级,热导率从0.180W·(m·K)-1提高到了0.211W·(m·K)-1;CNTs含量为0.2%~2%的试样其电导率为10-7~10-5S·cm-1数量级,均具有良好的抗静电能力。CNTs在复合材料中的有效长径比在10~100,与实验结果吻合。添加0.5wt%含量CNTs时,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、弯曲强度和模量分别提高了约6%、47%和5%。     

碳纳米管表面功能化研究进展

碳纳米管的表面功能化修饰已成为现代纳米领域的一大研究热点,对实现碳纳米管的独特约优越性起到基础性作用。文章筒述了碳纳米管（CNTs）的结构与制备方法,对碳纳米管常见的功能化修饰进行了综述,最后对碳纳米管改性高分子材料存在的问题和发展方向进行了展望。     

Pt/CNTs金属纳米催化剂的制备及对甲醇的电催化氧化

采用混酸(HNO3-H2SO4)浸泡法对碳纳米管(CNTs)进行表面功能化,以氯铂酸(H2PtCl6·6H2O)为前躯体,通过液相化学还原法快速合成了Pt/CNTs纳米催化剂(负载Pt的质量分数为20%)。透射电镜(TEM)观察表明,该法合成的Pt纳米粒子粒径小且尺寸分布窄,Pt纳米粒子高度分散在CNTs的表面,其平均粒径为4.5 nm,与XRD表征所计算的平均粒径相符合(4.46 nm)。电化学实验表明,该法合成的Pt/CNTs催化剂比商业Pt/CNTs催化剂对甲醇的电化学催化活性要高。     

Synthesis of dysprosium/Mn–Cu ferrite binary nanocomposite: Analysis of structural,morphological, dielectric,and optomagnetic properties

Manganese–copper ferrite (MCFO) and dysprosium (Dy)-doped manganese–copper ferrite nanocomposites (Mn_0.5Cu_0.5Dy_xFe_2−xO₄) (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) were synthesized by sonochemical method. Crystal structure and the structural parameters of the MCFO were analyzed based on the doping concentration of Dy ion. It was observed that the average crystalline size of the synthesized nanocomposite decreases when the concentration of Dy increases. The existing spherical surface morphology of the MCFO and Dy-doped MCFO nanocomposites were obtained through scanning electron microscopy. In the UV spectrum, the pristine MCFO sample showed an absorbance peak at 743 nm whereas the absorbance values of Dy-doped ferrite nanocomposite considerably shifted (blue) toward a lower wavelength (231–222 nm). The dielectric parameters of all ferrite nanocomposites were studied in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz. The dielectric spectrum revealed that dielectric constant and loss tangent decreased with increased doping concentration of Dy ion. The saturation magnetization also changed with Dy doping in MCFO. The impact of Dy on manganese–copper ferrite changed the optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of the prepared binary ferrite nanocomposite, which can be used for microwave-absorbing material applications.     

Mechanical Properties of Compression Molded Banana Pseudo-stem Filled Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC) Composites

Mechanical strengths of a banana pseudo-stem (BPS) fiber and unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) composite were evaluated to assess the possibility of using it as a new material in engineering applications. Samples were fabricated by the compression molding process with reference to the effect of filler loading. The samples were submitted to mechanical tests to measure tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites. The nature of adhesion between the matrix and the reinforcement and information relating the structure of mechanical properties can be obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessment of the composite fracture surface. The mechanical properties show that the composites did not have good adhesion between filler and matrix; on the other hand, the filler insertion improved the flexural modulus and the material rigidity.     

核壳型纳米粒子合成方法及其性能的研究进展

核壳纳米粒子作为复合纳米粒子一个重要的分支,由于其光、磁和催化等方面的优异性能,近年来引起了人们广泛的关注.本文主要介绍了核壳纳米粒子的制备方法及诸多性能,并对核壳纳米粒子的发展进行了展望.     

单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的几种力学性能研究

本文用实验方法研究了单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的拉伸性能、疲劳性能和冲击性能。利用金属体积分数理论验证了这类层板的拉伸性能。通过对其疲劳性能的实验研究，发现裂纹扩展速率的大小及刚度的下降与加载的最大循环应力密切相关的规律。实验发现该层板具有比铝合金好得多的冲击性能。     

TMPTMA在硅橡胶中的应用研究

研究了助交联剂三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTMA)对硅橡胶硫化性能、力学性能、低温性能和粘接性能的影响。结果表明,加入少量TMPTMA能改善硅橡胶的硫化特性和工艺性,提高硫化胶的硬度,降低硅橡胶的结晶温度,并有效提高硅橡胶与金属的粘接强度;但TMPTMA用量超过一定数值后,由于TMPTMA部分自聚合,在硅橡胶内形成一定的交联网络,造成两相界面粘接力变差,致使硅橡胶的拉伸强度降低。当TMPTMA用量为1份时,硅橡胶具有最佳的综合性能。     

聚氨酯种类对机械性能以及阻尼性能影响研究

分别以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)、聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG-1000)为软段,以二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-50、MDI-100LL),以及扩链剂1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为硬段,采用预聚体法制备了聚氨酯弹性体。并系统研究了聚氨酯体系中各组分的种类对材料机械性能和阻尼性能的影响。     

A new precursor to lightweight porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics with enhanced microwave transmissivity

Nowadays, complicated preparation processes and harsh sintering conditions wave transparent ceramics limit its further development. To solve this problem, we explore a promising precursor by adopting a polymerization-pyrolysis method to prepare porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics at a mild sintering condition (1000 °C). The porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics exhibits enhanced wave transparency at 10–16 GHz with a low dielectric constant (<3), a low loss angle tangent value (<0.01), and simultaneously, a relative high flexible strength of 82 MPa. According to the results of the XRD and FTIR analysis, porous Al₄B₂O₉ crystallization dispersed in the amorphous SiO₂ matrix constructs the main phases of the products. The changes of Al and B elements are confirmed to have an effect on the phase compositions and micro structure of the composite ceramics, which obviously affect the mechanical and dielectric properties of the derived ceramics. The as-prepared porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics could be a potential candidate for next generation electronic window materials due to its low dielectric constant and loss angle tangent value, as well as high flexible strength.     

Effects of support and additive on oxidation state and activity of Pt catalyst in propane combustion

The effects of support and additive on the oxidation state and catalytic activity of Pt catalyst in the low temperature propane combustion were systematically investigated on Pt/MgO, Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂–Al₂O₃. The catalytic activity varied much with both support materials and additives. The catalyst on the more acidic support showed higher activity, and the catalytic activity on every support materials increased as the electronegativity of additives increased, while some additives decreased the activity. The oxidation state of platinum, estimated by white line intensity of Pt L_III-edge XANES spectrum, also varied with the support and additives, and additives with higher electronegativity greatly prevented the platinum from its oxidation under oxidising atmosphere. Among almost all the catalysts with various supports and various additives, a clear relationship was observed between the oxidation state of platinum and the catalytic activity; the more metallic platinum showed higher activity. Thus, it was concluded that the total electrophilic/electrophobic property derived from those of the support and additive controls the oxidation state of platinum, which intensively affects the catalytic activity; i.e. higher electrophilic property provides less oxidised platinum, resulting in high catalytic activity. The mechanism of this effect was also discussed on the basis of thermochemical data, and it was proposed that the electrophobic materials promote the noble metal oxidation since the noble metal oxo-anion such as PtO^δ− is more stabilised with electrophobic cation.     

阻隔性PET/PEN共聚酯的性能研究

对共聚型阻隔聚酯PETNx(x为共聚酯中NDA占羧酸总质量的百分比)的热性能、流变性能和阻隔性能进行了研究。结果表明,PETNx体系属于假塑性流体。PETNx的CO2气体阻隔性优于常规PET;随着PETNx中NDA含量的增加,共聚物的玻璃化温度呈线性增高。